HUM 2461 Latin American Humanities Attendance Lecture on Mayas & Popol Vuh Popol Vuh : discussion.
HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America
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HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America SFC Fall 2013 Week 4
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HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America. SFC Fall 2013 Week 4. Today’ s Agenda Day 7. Attendance CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com Mesoamerican Civilizations: Teotihuacan Toltecs Aztec 1 st Assignment due today Pop Quiz. Attendance. Architecture in Teotihuacan. Cultural periods - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America
HUM 2461Humanities of Latin
America
SFC Fall 2013Week 4
Today’s AgendaDay 7
• Attendance• CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com• Mesoamerican Civilizations:
1. Teotihuacan2. Toltecs3. Aztec
• 1st Assignment due today• Pop Quiz
Architecture in Teotihuacan
Cultural periods100BCE-750CE
Teotihuacan I & II
Cuicuilco (origins / volcano Xitlé)Teotihuacan I:
Classic style (?)3 Pyramids (Sun, Moon, Quetzalcóatl [ciudadela])Street of the Dead250,000 pop.
Teotihuacan
Avenue of Dead
Moon Pyramid
Sun Pyramid
Feathered Serpent Pyramid
Classic Style
Sober adornment
Elegant / clear decoration
Optimism
No fear of open spaces
Preoccupation with organized civilization
Simple, harmonious style
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan II: Street of the Dead300,000 pop.Baroque style (?)Ferocity
Baroque Style Strong adornment
Extreme decoration
Pessimism
horror vacui
Preoccupation with death
Extravagant rhetoric and metaphors
Baroque
Classical
(mostly) opposite style and content of …
TIMELINE IN MESOAMERICA
Architecture in Toltecs
Cultural periods900-1200 CE
Toltecs900-1200 CETula (North of Teotihuacan)968: Topiltzin QuetzalcóatlAtlantes (knight warriors)
968 Quetzalcóatl to Tuladefeated by war priest-god
1000 Quetzalcóatl from Tula to Chichén ItzáKukulkán (in Maya language)did same for Mayan capitaldefeated by war priest-god
1025 Quetzalcóatl from Chichén Itzá on boat sailed east promised to return
similar in Popol Vuh
Tezcatlip
oca
Topiltzin Quetzacóatl (968 – 1025)
Architecture & the Aztecs
Cultural periods1300-1519CE
(1521)
Aztecs (1)
A) Aztecs / Mexica / Tenochca (1100??? Aztlán???)
• Náhuatl (Uto-Aztecan language)• Tenochtitlán (1325 – 1521) is 31 miles
southwest Teotihuacán. 200,000 residents• Huitzilopochtli (war god) B) Aztec art.
The prophecy
:eagle
serpent
cactus
Tenochtitlán (1325 CE)
Huitzilopochtli (war god)
B.i) Aztec Art
(1)Realism to abstraction (2)Proportion in arts and crafts(3) Non-secular themes and images(4) Natural elements + religious concepts
(no European individualism)(5) Synthesis and appropriation from
conquered peoples
B.ii) Aztec Art
• The Aztecs were also excellent sculptors who were known for awe-inspiring, frightening, forbidding, and monumental works.
• Their dances were more advanced than either their music or literature; and
• Their oratory was renowned and effective.• In the area of the fine arts, the Aztecs
accomplished finely wrought drawings on codices. Unfortunately, most of the Aztecs codices were destroyed by the first Spanish conquistadors and priests.
Artistic features rather unique to the Aztecs are: obsidian
knives, rock-crystal
skulls (for rituals and for art), and
jade statues.
Aztecs (2)C) Aztec CosmologyD) Religion: state + religion; polytheistic cosmos: double axis sacrifice: good of cosmos and society gods: Quetzalcóatl, Huitzilopochtli, Tláloc, Tezcatlipoca, Coatlicue
52-year cycleFifth Sun = Tonátiuh (Interrupted “Sun”)
C) Aztec Cosmology1
2345678910111213123456789
Lower World:Hell
Upper World:Heaven
ESW
N
(1300-1519CE)
Double axis
D) Religion: Coatlicue/Tonantzin (Goddess)
Huitzilopochtli(feather birth /
eagle-sun)
400 Southerners(sons)
(Gods of the starts)
Coyolxauhqui(daughter /
moon)killed: Coatepec hill
Coyolxauhqui was killed by Huitzilopochtli
at the Coatepec hill
Coatlicue/Tonantzin
Aztecs (3)• 1325 Tenochtitlán was built.
• 1375-1521: 9 emperors.• Moctezuma II (1502-1520)• Cuauhtémoc (1520-1521) = Hero of native and mestizo
peoples 1. Tenochtitlán (1325 – 1521)2. Tlatelolco (1325 – 1521) Cuathemoc fought for the
place when Hernán Cortéz invaded it.
3. Tepeyac (pyramid north of the city)
Tenochtitlan City
Tlatelolco City
Aztecs (4)
1. Tenochtitlán (Mexico City now)• Templo Mayor (1); Templo Mayor (2): Twin temples. Main Gods: Huitzilopochtli & Tláloc
2. Tlatelolco Market place. Cuauhtémoc.
3. Tepeyac the worship site for the Goddess mother Tonantzin
Chronicles of the Conquest of New Spain“When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land we were amazed and said that it was like the enchantments (...) on account of the great towers and cues and buildings rising from the water, and all built of masonry. And some of our soldiers even asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream? (...) I do not know how to describe it, seeing things as we did that had never been heard of or seen before, not even dreamed about. ” Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Conquest of New Spain
Ancient Civilization Timeline
1516AD
Medieval Spain
1st Assigment Week 4: HW#1 (1-12) & HW#3 (1-
13) due today.
Points off if HW is not typed
POP QUIZ: Toltecs at Tula1. What priest/ruler/god/demi-god fought against Topiltzin-
Quetzalcóatl?
2. Who won?
3. What did/does the winner of this battle represent? (What is he, the god of?)
Tezcatlipoca
3. He is god of the night sky, the night winds, hurricanes, the north, the earth, obsidian, enmity, discord, rulership, divination, temptation, jaguars, sorcery, beauty, war and strife.
1. What is this a model of?2. Where is this?3. What god(s) were worshipped there?
1. Twin temples of the major Aztec pyramid2. Tenochtitlán (i.e., Mexico City now)3. Huitzilopochtli & Tláloc
Español = templo mayor
