[HUG1Q3] Pengantar Sistem Informasi (PSI)Introduction to Information Systems

Outline

1. Why Should I Study Information Systems?2. Overview of Computer-Based Information

Systems.3. How Does IT Impact Organizations?4. Importance of Information Systems to

Society.5. Conclusions

Domain Belajar

Dasar-Dasar Bisnis

Komunikasi, Interpersonal,

dan Kerja sama

Teknologi

Analisis Kritis dan Sistemik

Sistem Informasi =Implementasi

Teknologi pada Bisnis

Key Concepts

Information Technology (IT) refers to any computer-based tool that

people use to work with information and to support the information and information-processing needs of an

organization.

An Information System (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a

specific purpose.

HIRARKI DATA• Bit

– Unit terkecil dari data• Byte

– Kelompok bit yang menggambarkan karakter• Field

– Kumpulan karakter secara logik yang terbentuk ke dalam kata, kumpulan kata atau kumpulan angka

• Record– kumpulan field yang saling berhubungan

secara logical• Table

– Kumpulan dari beberapa record yang saling terhubung secara logical

• File– Kumpulan dari beberapa tabel yang

dikelompokkan berdasarkan kategori tertentu Database

– kumpulan file yang saling terhubung secara logical

Data-Information-Knowledge• Data

– Elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored, but not organized to convey any specific meaning

• Information– Data that has been organized so that they have meaning and value to

the recipient • Knowledge

– Information that has been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity

• Wisdom– Collective application of knowledge in action

Example

Why Should I Study Information Systems?

You will: 1. Understand what is “behind” those applications.2. Be able to provide input into your organization’s IT applications, thus

improving the quality of those applications.3. Quickly be in a position to recommend, or participate in the selection of IT

applications that your organization will use.4. Be able to keep up with rapid developments in existing information

technologies, as well as the introduction of new technologies.5. Understand the potential impacts that “new and improved” technologies will

have on your organization and therefore will be qualified to make recommendations concerning their adoption and use.

6. Play a key role in managing the information systems in your organization.7. Be in a position to use IT if you decide to start your own business

IT JOBs

IT JOBs

Overview of Computer Based Information Systems

Hardware consists of devices such as the

processor, monitor, keyboard, and

printer. Together, these devices accept, process, and display

data and information.

Software is a program or collection of

programs that enable the

hardware to process data.

A Database is a collection of

related fi les or tables containing

data.

A network is a connecting system

(wireline or wireless) that

permits different computers to

share resources.

Overview of Computer Based Information Systems

1. TPS support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions, each of which generates data.

2. FAISs support a particular functional area within the organization.

3. IOSs support many interorganizational operations, of which supply chain management is the best known.

4. ERP systems correct a lack of communication among the FAISs by tightly integrating the functional area ISs via a common database.

5. e-Commerce systems enable organizations to conduct transactions with other organizations (called business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce), and with customers (called business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce).

6. OASs typically support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers, by enabling them to develop documents (word processing and desktop publishing software), schedule resources (electronic calendars), and communicate (e-mail, voice mail, videoconferencing, and groupware).

Overview of Computer Based Information Systems7. Business intelligence (BI) systems provide computer-based support for complex,

nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.

8. Expert systems (ESs) attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.

IT inside your organization.

Types of Organizational Information Systems

IS that function amongmultiple organizations.

How Does IT Impact Organizations?

IT may reduce the number of middle managers;

IT will provide managers with real-time or near-real-time information,

meaning that managers will have less time to make decisions;

IT will increase the likelihood that managers will have to supervise

geographically dispersed employees and teams.

Potential IT impacts on managers

How Does IT Impact Organizations?

Major Capabilities of Information Systems

How Does IT Impact Organizations?

Potential IT impacts on nonmanagerial workers

IT may eliminate jobs;

IT may cause employees to experience a loss of identity;

IT can cause job stress and physical problems, such as repetitive stress injury

Importance of Information Systems to Society. (+)

IT can provide opportunities for people with disabilities;

IT can provide people with fl exibility in their work (e.g., work from anywhere, anytime);

Robots will take over mundane chores;

IT will enable improvements in healthcare.

Importance of Information Systems to Society. (-)

IT can cause health problems for individuals;

IT can place employees on constant call;

IT can potentially misinform patients about their health problems.

Referensi

1) R. Kelly Rainer, Brad Prince and Casey G. Cegielski-Introduction to Information Systems Supporting and Transforming Business-Wiley (2013)