Krummel ValleyKrummel Valley

In Rauris, AustriaIn Rauris, Austria

FormationFormation

The Tauern Alps were The Tauern Alps were formed during the formed during the Oligocene and Oligocene and Miocene epochs, Miocene epochs, when the african when the african plate collided with plate collided with the eurasian plate the eurasian plate causing the land mass causing the land mass to fold. to fold.

Liquid Magma caused Liquid Magma caused mountains, such as mountains, such as the Hohe Sonnblick, the Hohe Sonnblick, to grow tall. to grow tall.

Later during the Ice Later during the Ice Age, glaciers moved Age, glaciers moved through the Tauerns through the Tauerns building valleys such building valleys such as Rauris and the as Rauris and the subvalley Krummel. subvalley Krummel.

(Froitzheim, N.) (Our Master Builders, 2012.)

Rauriser StoneRauriser Stone

A crystal marble, A crystal marble, metamorphic rock, that metamorphic rock, that is abundant and unique is abundant and unique to the Rauris valleyto the Rauris valley

Formed 350 million years Formed 350 million years ago from deposits of ago from deposits of the Tetris seathe Tetris sea

These deposits were These deposits were pushed up above sea pushed up above sea level when the alps level when the alps were formed were formed

(Rauriser Naturstein.)

SlateSlate

Slate is foliated low-grade Slate is foliated low-grade metamorphosed shale metamorphosed shale (sedimentary) rock.(sedimentary) rock.

Slate was brought to the Slate was brought to the Tauerns when the Tauerns when the african and eurasian african and eurasian plates collided causing plates collided causing pressure on shale rocks pressure on shale rocks and metamorphosing and metamorphosing them into slate. them into slate.

(Slate, 2013.)

Metamorphosed QuartzMetamorphosed Quartz

One of the most One of the most abundant minerals in abundant minerals in the world the world

Found across the alpsFound across the alpsWere made when the Were made when the

plates collided plates collided pushing up the rocks pushing up the rocks from under the earthfrom under the earth

(The Mineral Quartz. 2014)

GraniteGranite

Some granite is Some granite is found in the Rauris found in the Rauris valleyvalley

An ingenous rock An ingenous rock that is course-that is course-grained in texturegrained in texture

Formed from the Formed from the cooling of magma cooling of magma under ground under ground

Mountain Rock CrystalMountain Rock Crystal

Crystals form as Crystals form as high pressure and high pressure and temperatures temperatures begin to decrease begin to decrease letting the rock letting the rock cool slowly and cool slowly and form crystalsform crystals

(How do crystals form? 1994.)

Welted ThistleWelted Thistle

Carduus CrispusCarduus Crispus Between 50 – 180cm Between 50 – 180cm

highhigh Originally from the Originally from the

White Sea by Russia White Sea by Russia but were brought to but were brought to Finnland through tradeFinnland through trade

Spread across Europe Spread across Europe and are found in and are found in nitrogen-rich groundsnitrogen-rich grounds

(Alpen Blumen.) (Krause Distel, 2014.)

Heath Spotted OrchidHeath Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza Dactylorhiza

maculata, belongs to maculata, belongs to the orchidaceae familythe orchidaceae family

Up to 60cm highUp to 60cm high Leaves are speckledLeaves are speckled Bulb roots help it Bulb roots help it

survive freezing alpine survive freezing alpine temperatures temperatures

Originated near the Originated near the Mediterranean but has Mediterranean but has spread through Europe spread through Europe

(Alpen Blumen.)

Alpine MarmotAlpine Marmot Marmota marmotaMarmota marmota Live up to 18 yearsLive up to 18 years 18cm tall18cm tall They are locals to the alps They are locals to the alps

including the Rauris and including the Rauris and Krummel valleysKrummel valleys

The marmots adapted to The marmots adapted to live in high alpine regions live in high alpine regions

Marmots have accepted Marmots have accepted hikers and even steal snacks hikers and even steal snacks out of their backpacksout of their backpacks

Photo taken by me. Marmot is to the left of its burrow.

Photo from: http://www.gasteinertal.com/appartement-stockinger/fotos.html

(Alpen Murmeltier.)

Mud SlidesMud Slides

Mud slides are the Mud slides are the most obvious form most obvious form of erosion that of erosion that happens in the happens in the valley across the valley across the Rauris valley one Rauris valley one can see mud slides can see mud slides that clear the forest that clear the forest and bring room for and bring room for new plants to grownew plants to grow

ResourcesResourcesFroitzheim, N. Geology of the Alps. Froitzheim, N. Geology of the Alps. Universität bonn. Universität bonn. Retrieved Retrieved

on June 21, 2014 from on June 21, 2014 from http://www.steinmann.uni-bonn.de/arbeitsgruppen/strukturgeologie/lehre/wissen-gratis/geology-of-the-alps-part-1-general-remarks-austroalpine-nappeshttp://www.steinmann.uni-bonn.de/arbeitsgruppen/strukturgeologie/lehre/wissen-gratis/geology-of-the-alps-part-1-general-remarks-austroalpine-nappes

2012. Our Master Builders. 2012. Our Master Builders. Nationalpark Hohe Tauern. Nationalpark Hohe Tauern. Retrieved Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from on June 21, 2014 from http://www.hohetauern.at/en/nature/unsere-baumeister.htmlhttp://www.hohetauern.at/en/nature/unsere-baumeister.html

Rauriser Naturstein – kristalliner Marmor und Quarzit. Rauriser Naturstein – kristalliner Marmor und Quarzit. Rauriser. Rauriser. Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from http://www.rauriser.at/de/main/marmor-und-quarzit-oesterreich1/http://www.rauriser.at/de/main/marmor-und-quarzit-oesterreich1/

2013. Slate. 2013. Slate. Minerals Education Coalition. Minerals Education Coalition. Retrieved on June 21, Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from 2014 from http://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/slatehttp://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/slate

1994. How do Crystals form? 1994. How do Crystals form? Lansing State Journal. Lansing State Journal. Retrieved on Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from June 21, 2014 from http://www.pa.msu.edu/sciencet/ask_st/072094.htmlhttp://www.pa.msu.edu/sciencet/ask_st/072094.html

Resources Resources

Alpenblumen. Alpenblumen. Studio-3b. Studio-3b. Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from http://www.studio-http://www.studio-3b.com/alpenblumen_content/blumen_interaktiv_dt.php3b.com/alpenblumen_content/blumen_interaktiv_dt.php

2014. Krause Distel. 2014. Krause Distel. NatureGate. NatureGate. Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/de/kukkakasvit/krauhttp://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/de/kukkakasvit/krause-distelse-distel

2014. The Mineral Quartz. 2014. The Mineral Quartz. Minerals.net. Minerals.net. Retrieved on June 21, Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from http://www.minerals.net/mineral/quartz.aspx2014 from http://www.minerals.net/mineral/quartz.aspx

Alpen Murmeltier – Marmota marmota. Alpen Murmeltier – Marmota marmota. Die Jagd. Die Jagd. Retrieved on Retrieved on June 21, 2014 from June 21, 2014 from http://diejagd.com/index.php/tiere/saeugetiere/93-http://diejagd.com/index.php/tiere/saeugetiere/93-nagetiere/86-alpenmurmeltier-marmota-marmotanagetiere/86-alpenmurmeltier-marmota-marmota