Networking Components

LTEC 4550.020Dainis Krakops

OBJECTIVESHub

Switch

Router

Bridge

Gateway

Firewall

Wireless AP

HUB It is the dumbest and simplest

networking device of all these devices; it is also least expensive, least complicated, and least intelligent networking device comparing to router, switch , and bridge. Hub is not very efficient device to communicate data on the network because by default hubs are single broadcast and single collision domain operating in half-duplex mode. Hub operates at the Layer 1 of the OSI model.

Price range depends on the size and features

and is somewhere between

$5 - $125

HUBAll the incoming data into one

port is copied and retransmitted out of every port to devices at the other end. Hub doesn't perform any filtering or redirection of data. So, the data send to one computer is seen by all other computers on the network and it is up to the receiving computer to decide if the data is for it. If the data is not addressed for that device, it will immediately refuse delivery. The intended recipient will accept the data and process it further.

HUBCan temporarily replace a

broken network switch

Can be used when performance is not a critical factor on the network

Can be used in a small Local Area Network setting where there is little need to prevent traffic conflicts

Can be used for network extension

SWITCHSwitches are essentially the

same thing as Bridges, but usually have multiple ports and filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. It generally contains more intelligence than a hub. It operates in full-duplex mode at Layer 2( some switches have Layer 3 functionality)

Switches can range in price anywhere from $10 for a

no-name budget switch to well over $10,000 for a

high-end Cisco switch

SWITCHReceived data packets are inspected by switch,

determining the source and destination device of each packet, and then forwarded appropriately. Each node on network connected to a switch port has a dedicated segment and the full bandwidth all to itself. Switching allows a network to maintain full-duplex Ethernet. Traffic flowing in each direction has a lane to itself - it's a collision-free environment.

SWITCH Expands network

Use network resources more efficiently

Isolates non-relevant traffic from each segment, relieving congestion and improving performance

Separates collision domains, reducing collisions

Segments, restarting distance and repeater rules

Increases bandwidth for dedicated workstations or servers

Can be used in heavily loaded networks

ROUTER It is a most complicated and

smartest networking device among all the networking devices. It isolate each LAN into a separate subnet and keeps data out of subnets where it doesn't belong. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WAN and LAN. It can listen to the traffic on the entire network and determine the least congested route to its destination. Router is considered a heart of the network. It is a Layer 3 device

The price range for router can be as low as

$25 and as high as several thousands

dollars

ROUTER Routers don’t just route traffic to other

networks, they learn which are the fastest

routes and use them first

The router looks at the destination address

of each packet sent from the source location.

It checks its table to see where this address

is there and sends each packet to that address

The router has two basic jobs: To make sure that information doesn't go where it's not

needed so that the volume of data doesn't clog up the network

To make sure the information goes to where it's supposed to go

ROUTER Routers let computers to share a cable, DSL, or satellite Internet

connection

Routers generally offload burden from your computers, leaving more performance for your applications

Routers have filtering that stop local users — such as children — from accessing sites you do not want them to see

Router has built-in security features that protects you from Internet attacks

Some routers support VPN, which allow home users to safely log into their businesses remotely

Routers monitor network usage, and can send email alarms when abnormal things happen

Many routers have wireless capability with strong WPA encryption

Router allows for sharing network peripherals such as printers, wireless speakers, scanner, VOIP Telephones, fax machines

BRIDGE Bridge is a internetworking device that is used to link two

networks, whether they are of different types or just different networks or to divide one network into two. Traditional bridges support one network boundary. Bridge is a Layer 2 device.

The cost of the Bridge starts from about $20 and up

BRIDGE Bridge forward data based on

the MAC address of the sending and receiving devices; It does not know anything about protocols, it simply looks at the destination of the packet before sending. If the destination address is not on the other side of the bridge it will not transmit the data; the only data that is allowed to cross the bridge is data that is being sent to a valid address on the other side of the bridge. No valid address, no data across the bridge

BRIDGEEffectively reduces bandwidth waste by

controlling the traffic flow over a LAN

Increases the functional length of a network by connecting individual LAN segments

Can connect both similar and dissimilar LAN segments

GATEWAYA network gateway is an

internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols. A network gateway can be implemented completely in software, hardware, or as a combination of both. On home networks, a broadband router or typically serves as the network gateway. Gateways are also known as protocol converters that can perform at any OSI model layer.

The price range for the Gateway is somewhere

between $50 and $2500

GATEWAY Its basic function is to

make a route of the traffic from the computer to the internet and from the internet to the computer

A gateway accepts the data packet and converts it into acceptable protocol in order to further send it to network

GATEWAYGateways are the best option to achieve the

multimedia communications between dissimilar networks

Gateways are also a key mechanism of any telephony communications. Gateway is offering bridge between telephone network and internet

A network gateway work like a firewall and filters packets

A gateway performs as the interface between local and wide area protocols such as TCP/IP on the Internet

A gateway supervises its client devices, gather their data and execute other task

FIREWALLA firewall is simply a

program or hardware device that filters the information coming through the Internet connection into your private network or computer system

The price varies from nothing (you can download a free firewall for

personal or SOHO use) to a significant investment of capital.

Enterprise firewalls, typically ranging in price from $500 to $20,000

FIREWALLFirewalls allow or block network traffic

between devices based upon rules set up by the firewall administrator. Each rule defines a specific traffic pattern you want the firewall to detect and the action you want the firewall to take when that pattern is detected

Wireless APA wireless access point plugs

into a hub, switch, or wired router and can relay data between the wireless devices (such as computers or printers) and wired devices on the network over an area of several hundred to a thousand feet which. Wireless Access Point uses 2.4GHz or 5GHz frequency range to send and receive data over electromagnetic radio waves.

Wireless AP prices start from $35 and can be as high as

$10,000

Wireless APWhat the access point

does is to send data requests on behalf of the wireless devices that are connected to it using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or related standards. Access points act a lot like cellular phone towers: you can move from one location to another and continue to have wireless access to a network

Internet

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

Bridge

Wireless AP

Hub

Hub

Switch

Gateway

FirewallWAN

LAN

REFERENCES How do hubs, switches, routers, and access points differ?. (n.d.). Microsoft

Windows. Retrieved October 25, 2011, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/How-do-hubs-switches-routers-and-access-points-differ

Gilani, N. (n.d.). The Advantages of a Network Bridge . eHow | How to Videos, Articles & More - Discover the expert in you. | eHow.com. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.ehow.com/list_6023005_advantages-network-bridge.html

Russell, M. (n.d.). Router How it works. Wilsons Electronics | Online Electronics Dictionary. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.wilsonselectronics.net/articles3/router.htm

Tyson, J. (n.d.). How Firewalls Work. HowStuffWorks "Learn how Everything Works!". Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.howstuffworks.com/firewall.htm

What are Gateways - How gatways works. (n.d.). Wimax - What is Wimax Technology - How Wimax works. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.freewimaxinfo.com/network-gateways.html

Why Do I Need a Router When I Already Have an Internet Connection?. (2008, December 8). Support Home Page. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://support.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1139/~/why-do-i-need-a-router-when-i-already-have-an-internet-connection%3F

Networking Components

LTEC 4550.020Dainis Krakops