Huawei RAN Feature & Parameter

Apr. 2006

Node B Products of Huawei

Huawei RANFeatures & Parameters

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential

Packet Scheduling

Power Control

Load Control

Mobility

HSDPA


Overview of Packet Scheduling

Purpose:– Scheduling the limited resources between NRT users– Optimize the utilization of system resources– Improve the throughput of the system

Methods:– RAB to RB mapping– Bit rate switching (DCCC, DCH only)

• TVM (Traffic Volume Measurement) based bit rate switching• Coverage based bit rate switching• Load based bit rate reduction

– RRC state switching– Packet scheduling of HSDPA


RAB-to-RB Mapping

TVM based Bit Rate Switching

Coverage based Bit Rate Switching

RRC State Switching


Objective of RAB-to-RB Mapping

Objective:RB parameters configuration according to QoS of the requested RAB


RB Mapping Criteria and Contents

Criteria:UE capabilities complied

Efficiently make use of the limited radio resources

Guarantee QoS requirement

Contents:Channel type selection

RB parameter configuration

Interactive

Conversational

Streaming Mapping RB on DCH

RB on HS-DSCH

RB on CCHBackground


Channel Type Mapping

Domain Traffic Class Transport ChannelSignaling – DCH or CCH

CSConversational

DCHStreaming

PS

Conversational DCH

Streaming DCH or HS-DSCH

InteractiveDCH or CCH or HS-DSCH

Background

MML command Parameter name Parameter ID Default value

SET

UFRCCHLTYPEPARA

DL BE traffic DCH decision threshold

UL BE traffic DCH decision threshold

DlBeTraffDecThs

UlBeTraffDecThs

8 kbps

SET

UFRCCHLTYPEPARA

DL BE traffic threshold on HSDPA DlBeTraffThsOnHsdpa 64kbps

SET

UFRCCHLTYPEPARA

DL streaming threshold on HSDPA DlStrThsonHsdpa 64kbps

Main parameters:

Mapping principle:


RAB-to-RB mapping



RRC State Switching


Traffic Volume Measurement (TVM)

Taffic Volume < Th

TVM 4B

THRESHOLD

Threshold

Time

Transport channeltraffic volume

Event 4b

Event 4b

Timer to Trigger

Taffic Volume > Th

TVM 4A THRESHOLD

Threshold

Time

Transport channeltraffic volume

Event 4a Event 4a

Pending time after triggered

ADD TYPRABDCCCMC

Traffic Volume: RLC Buffer Occupancy: the amount of data in number of bytes that is available for transmission and retransmission

Algorithm parameters:

TRAFFIC MEASUREMENT EVENT THRESHOLD•Indicates the threshold to trigger Event 4A/4B.•Default value: 1024/64 byte (4A/4B)

Timer to Trigger: •Indicates the period of time during which the event condition has to be satisfied, before sending a Measurement Report•Default value: 240/5000 ms (4A/4B)

Pending time after trigger: •Indicates the period of time during which it is forbidden to send any new measurement reports•Default value: 4000/4000 ms (4A/4B)


Bit Rate Switching based on TVM Report (Uplink)

Uplink

Rate

Time

Uplink mid bitrate

Uplink bitrate threshold for DCCC

Event 4b

The highest rate

Allocated rate

Event 4b Event 4a Event 4a

Adjust level =3

Adjust level =2

Bit rate up-switchBit rate down-switch

Uplink Bit rate threshold for DCCC Range: 8 ~ 384kbps

Default value: 64 kbps

Uplink Rate adjust levelRange: 2 or 3

Default value: 2

SET DCCC


Bit Rate Switching based on TVM Report (Downlink)

Downlink

Downlink Bit rate threshold for DCCC Range: 8 ~ 384kbps

Default value: 64 kbps

Downlink Rate adjust levelRange: 2 or 3

Default value: 2

SET DCCC

Adjust level =3

Adjust level =2

Maximum bit rate

Bit rate up-switchBit rate down-switch

Rate

Time

Downlink mid bitrate threshold

Downlink bitrate threshold for DCCC

Event 4b

The highest rate

Allocated rate

Event 4a Event 4aEvent 4b


Summary: TVM based Bit Rate Switching

Improve the utilization of:• Base station transmission Power

• Channelization codes

• Iub transmission resources Rate

Traffic Volume

with bit bit rate switching

without bit rate switchingTime

Source Rate

Dynamic Channel Configuration


RAB-to-RB mapping



RRC State Switching



Object:- Avoid call drop due to power limitation

- Guarantee QoS perceived by user

Indicator of Coverage:- Downlink Transmitted Code Power

- RLC data retransmission

data of 144kbpsdata of 384kbps

voicedata of 64 kbps

BS基站BS

distance

transmit rate


Transmitted Code Power Measurement

Event Ea relative threshold

Event E reporting period

Event Eb relative threshold

EVENT E HYSTERESIS TIME

Event F reporting power margin

EVENT F HYSTERESIS TIME

Event F reporting period

SET UDCCC

Power T1=Measurement Hysteresis Time

MeasurementThreshold 1


T1

T1

T1

Ea Eb EaPeriodicreports

Time

PowerT1= Measurement Hysteresis Time



T1

T1T1

Fa Fb FaPeriodicreports

Time Note: Absolute threshold of Event E= maximum DL Power - comparative threshold + PO3

Measurement:- Event Triggered (Ea/Eb/Fa/Fb)

- Periodic reported after Ea is triggered



RLC Retransmission Monitor

Event A threshold

RE-TX monitor period

RE-TX MEASURE FILTER COEF

EVENT A TIME TO TRIGGER

EVENT A PENDING TIME AFTER TRIGGER

ADD TYPRABRLC

Time-to-trigger Perding time after triggerTime-to-trigger

Event A threshold

Time

Reporting event A

RLC Retransmission rate

Measurement:- RLC PDU retransmission rate is calculated through ACK and NACK feedback - Event A triggered when the retransmission number > threshold- Reported from Layer 2 to Layer 3 within RNC

RLC_RETRANS_MEASURE_SWITCH

SET CORRMALGOSWITCH



Bit Rate Switching based on Coverage

Rate

Time

Event Eaand Event A

Allocated rate

Event Eaand Event A


Downlink BE guarantee bitrate

The highest rate

If RLC retransmission measurement is switched on:

- Rate down switching is performed only when both Event Ea AND Event A are fulfilled


RAB-to-RB mapping



RRC State Switching


DCCC - Channel Transition

Channel Transition

URA_PCHCELL_DCH

CELL_FACH CELL_PCH

Event 4b/Timer Event 4a

Event 4b/Timer

Cell reselection Timer/COUNTER

Paging/Data

Paging/Data

Traffic Volume Report from UE, Event 4a and Event 4b- Event 4a: Traffic volume is above a threshold -> High active- Event 4b: Traffic volumes is below a threshold during a configurable time -> Low activeCell re-selection: - If number of cell reselections exceeds pre-define counters within the cell reselection timer, the UE is considered to be in the state of frequent cell reselectionPaging/Data: - There is data to be transferred

UE activity

SET UESTATETRANSBE DCH to FACH to PCH 4B thdBE DCH to FACH 4B time to triggerBE DCH to FACH 4B Pending TimeDCH to FACH transition timerBE FACH TO DCH 4A threshold

FACH to PCH 4B time to triggerFACH to PCH 4B Pending TimeFACH to PCH transition timer

CELL RESELECTION TIMERCELL RESELECTION COUNTER


Summary - Packet Scheduling

Channel Transition

CELL-DCH to/from CELL-FACH

CELL-FACH to/from CELL-PCH

CELL-PCH to/from URA-PCH

Rate Switching

Downlink rate up-switch

Downlink rate down-switch

Uplink rate up-switch

Uplink rate down-switch

UE downlink activity (TVM)

Downlink Quality

UE uplink activity (TVM)

UE activity (TVM)

TriggerAction

• Optimize available resources for Best Effort Service• Allocation resources dynamically to increase resource utilisation• Prevent from call drop for users with high data rate service on the cell boarder

UE activity (Cell Reselection)


Packet Scheduling - Parameters Structure

RNC

RadioClass

GlobalParaClass CellClass

TYPRABBASIC.Class

TYPRABDCCCMC.Class

TYPRABRLC.Class

DCCC.Class

CELLDCCC.ClassUESTATETRANS.Class

RAB&SRBClass

DCCC strategy

Uplink bitrate threshold for DCCC

Uplink mid bite rate calculate method

Uplink mid bitrate threshold

Uplink Rate adjust level

Downlink bitrate threshold for DCCC

Downlink mid bite rate calculate method



Event F hysteresis time

Reporting period unit for event F

Event F reporting period[ms]

Event F reporting period[min]

Event Ea relative threshold

Event Eb relative threshold

Event E hysteresis time

Reporting period unit for event E

Event E reporting period[ms]

Event E reporting period[min]

GlobalParaClassUESTATETRANS.Class DCCC.Class

DCH to FACH transition timer

BE HS-DSCH to FACH transition timer

Realtime Traff DCH to FACH transition timer

FACH to PCH transition timer

Cell reselection timer

Cell reselection counter

BE FACH to DCH 4A threshold

BE FACH to HS-DSCH 4A threshold

Realtime Traff DCH to FACH 4B threshold

Downlink Rate adjust level

CellClass

CELLDCCC.Class


Event F hysteresis time

Reporting period unit for event F

Event F reporting period[ms]

Event F reporting period[min]

Event E hysteresis time

Reporting period unit for event E

Event E reporting period[ms]

Event E reporting period[min]

Direction

Traffic Measurement Event 4B threshold

Traffic Measurement Event 4A threshold

Time to trigger 4B

Time to trigger 4A

Pending time after trigger 4B

Pending time after trigger 4A

4B measurement report monitor time

re-TX monitor period

re-TX measure filter coef

Event A threshold

Event A time to trigger

Event A pending time after trigger

RAB&SRBClass

TYPRABBASIC.ClassTYPRABDCCCMC.Class TYPRABRLC.Class


Packet Scheduling

Power Control

Load Control

Mobility

HSDPA


Power Control Overview

Open-loop Power ControlUL Open-loop Power Control

DL Open-loop Power Control

UL Inner-loop Power Control

DL Inner-loop Power Control

Action

Inner-loop Power Control

Outer-loop Power Control

Downlink Power Balance

Make a rough estimation of path loss by means of a downlink signal, and then to provide a coarse initial power setting

Fast closed-loop power control to control the transmit power according to the RX SIR of the peer end, to compensate the fading of radio links

UL Outer-loop Power Control

DL Outer-loop Power Control

Maintain the communication quality at the level required by the service bearer through adjustment of the SIR target

Reduce the power drift between links during the soft handover

Purpose


Open Loop Power Control

Inner Loop Power Control

Outer Loop Power Control

Downlink Power Balancing



Objective For each UE, before accessing the network, and for each base station when

RL is set up, estimate the initial UL / DL transmit power based on the downlink path loss calculation

Content Uplink Open Loop Power Control for PARCH Uplink Open Loop Power Control for UL DPCCH Downlink Open Loop Power Control for DL DPCCH

Node BUE

PRACH

BCH: CPICH channel power UL interference level

DCHDCH

CPICH Ec/Io

RACH measurement report

Node BUE


Uplink Open-loop Power Control on PRACH

BCH :•CPICH channel power• UL interference level

•Measure CPICH_RSCP•Determine the initial transmitted power

RACHPower increase step

Max preamble retransmission

PRACHUUPARAS.Class

PRACHBASIC.Class

Constant value for calculating initial TX power

Preambles Message

Control Part

Data Part

Power offsetPower increase step

AICH ACK

Max allowed UE UL TX

power

Pini

Max preamble loop

Random back-off lower limit

Random back-off upper limit

RACH.Clsass


Uplink Open-loop Power Control on DPCCH

DPCCH Power Offset

CPICH RSCP

Node BUE

DPDCHNo data on DPDCH

PC Preamble SRB Delay

DPCCH_Initial_Power = DPCCH_Power_Offset - CPICH_RSCP

Various power differences between DPDCH and DPCCH are defined through gain factors, called βc for DPCCH and βd for DPDCH

DPCCH_Power_Offset = PCPICH TRANSMIT POWER + UL interference + CONSTANT VALUE CONFIGURED BY DEFAULT

Reference BetaC

Reference BetaD

TYPSRBBASIC.Class

TYPSRB.Class


Uplink Inner-loop Power Control

TPCSIR estimation andcompare with SIR target

SIR target

NodeB

1500 Hz

UE

Power control algorithm selection-- ALGORITHM1, ALGORITHM2

UL closed loop power control step size

-- 1 or 2 dB

UL Inner-loop Power Control

Power control algorithm selection

UL closed loop power control step size

FRC.Class

PCA1: UE adjusts uplink transmit power for each slot; the step of PCA1 should be 1dB or 2dB by UL CLOSED LOOP POWER CONTROL STEP SIZE parameter.

PCA2: The UE adjusts the uplink transmit power for each 5-slot cycle and the step is 1 dB fixedly.


Downlink Inner-loop Power Control

TPCSIR estimation andcompare with SIR target

SIR target

NodeB

1500 Hz

UE

DL Inner-loop Power Control

DL power control mode

FRC.Class

FDD DL power control step size

DPC_MODE = 0The UE sends a unique TPC command in each slot and the TPC command generated is transmitted in the first available TPC field in the uplink DPCCH.

DPC_MODE = 1The UE repeats the same TPC command over 3 slots and the new TPC command is transmitted such that there is a new command at the beginning of the frame .


Outer-loop Power Control

Node B UE

Sent TPC command

SIR measurement and comparing

Inner-loop

SIR target setting

BLER measurement

Outer-loop

RNC

Comparing

BLERtarget setting

Objective:• Keep the quality of communication at the

required level by setting the SIR target for the fast power control BLER target value

SIR adjustment step

Maximum SIR increase step

Maximum SIR decrease step

Maximum SIR target

Minimum SIR target

TYPSRBOLPC.Class

TYPRABOLPC.Class


Mechanism of OLPCN

N2N1N: TTI number of SIR adjustment period N1 ： TTI number of non DTX periodN2 ： TTI number of DTX periodN ＝ N1 ＋ N2

■ Mechanism:- Single RAB

> OLPC based on BLER> OLPC based on DPCCH BER (N1=0, N2≠0)

- Multiple RABs> SIR target decrease only when all TrCHs request to decrease its SIRtar

» If any one of the services requires to increase the SIR target, the maximum value is used for the adjustment.

» If all the services require to reduce the SIR target, the minimum value is used for the adjustment.> Signaling DCH is involved in OLPC> Guarantee QoS of all TrCHs


Downlink Power Balance

SRNC

Node B

UE

Pref = (RATIO FOR MAX POWER) / 100 * (Pmax-Pcpich) + (1- RATIO FOR MAX POWER / 100) * (Pmin - Pcpich)

DPB.Class

DPB measurement report period

DPB measurement filter coefficient

DPB triggering threshold

DPB stop threshold

Ratio for max power

DPB adjustment ratio

DPB adjustment period

Max DPB adjustment step

After starting power balancing, the RNC calculates the UE DL reference power Pref and sends the Pref to the NodeB by the DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL REQUEST message

Objective: To reduce the power drift between links of different NodeB.


Packet Scheduling

Power Control

Load Control

Mobility

HSDPA


Overview

Intelligent Admission Control

Intelligent Congestion Control


Load Control exists in all phases

Load Control is used to keep system stable, maximize system capacity while ensuring the coverage and QoS.

Different load control algorithms according to different phases provided:- Before UE access: Potential User Control (PUC)- During UE access: Call Admission Check (CAC) and Intelligent Access Control (IAC)- After UE access: Load Reshuffling (LDR), and Overload Control (OLC)

3. After UE access2. During UE access1. Before UE access

Time

• LDRCACPUC• OLC

•• IAC

PUC: Potential User Control CAC: Call Admission ControlIAC: Intelligent Admission Control LDR: Load ReshufflingOLC: Overload Control


Load Control for different load level

Load control isunneeded PUC starts: to enable UEs in idle mode to camp on cells with light load

CAC: to prevent new calls into cells with heavy loadICAC: to increase the access success rate

LDR starts: to check and release basic congestion in cells

Tx powerUplink noise

Cell load (number of subscribers)

OLC starts: to reduce the cell load

Icons for different load levels

Overload congestion occurs

Basic congestion occurs


Priority Definition in Huawei Implementation

Priority Consideration

Conversational -> Streaming -> Interactive -> Background

Traffic Class

ARP ARP1 -> ARP2 -> ARP3 … -> ARP14

THP THP1 -> THP2 -> THP3 … -> THP14

RAB Integrate Priority Strategy: TC top-priority or ARP top-priority

-For the same TC and ARP

• For Interactive with the same ARP, priority is determined by THP.

-Indicator of Carrier Type Priority to control the priority between R99

and HSDPA.

Bear Type HS-DSCH or DCH

THP is provided in RAN6.0.


Priority Definition - Example

RAB ID ARP Traffic Class THP Bear Type

A 1 Interactive 3 DCH

B 1 Interactive 3 HSDPA

C 2 Conversational DCH

D 2 Background DCH

E 2 Background HSDPA

F 2 Streaming DCH

Services with different ARP/TC/THP/Bear：

ARP is the top-priority, and HSDPA over DCH

TC is the top-priority, and HSDPA over DCH

RANK ARP Traffic Class THP Bear Type

B 1 Interactive 3 HSDPA

A 1 Interactive 3 DCH

C 2 Conversational DCH

F 2 Streaming DCH

E 2 Background HSDPA

D 2 Background DCH

RANK Traffic Class ARP THP Bear Type

C Conversational 2 DCH

F Streaming 2 DCH

B Interactive 1 3 HSDPA

A Interactive 1 3 DCH

E Background 2 HSDPA

D Background 2 DCH


Priority Definition in Huawei Implementation

User Priority

ARP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

User Priority ERROR 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

User Integrate Priority:

- For multiple-RAB users, determined by the service with the highest

RAB Integrate Priority.

User Priority: ☺ Gold (1) ☺ Silver (2) ☺ Bronze (3)

Typical Mapping of “ARP” and “User Priority”


GBR Configuration in Huawei Implementation

– For R99 I/B services Uplink BE Guarantee Bitrate and Downlink BE Guarantee Bitrate are configurable

respectively per cell. Uplink BE Guarantee Bitrate is used in BE downsizing due to uplink cell basic

congestion. Downlink BE Guarantee Bitrate is used in BE downsizing due to downlink coverage and

downlink cell basic congestion.

– For R99 and HSDPA RT services GBR is in accordance with the requested guaranteed bit rate in RAB parameters.

– For HSDPA I/B services Different GBRs are configured for Gold/Silver/Copper user.

Gold Silver Copper

Uplink 64kbps 64kbps 64kbps

Downlink 64kbps 64kbps 64kbps


Scheduling Priority used in HSDPA

Traffic class ARP THP SPI

Streaming

1 14

2 13

3 12

Interactive

1 1 10

1 2 9

1 3~15 8

2 1 7

2 2 6

2 3~15 5

3 1 4

3 2 3

3 3~15 2

Background

1 8

2 5

3 2


Overview




Overview

Resource Admission Check

Rate Negotiation

Pre-emption / Queuing

Direct Retry / Re-direction


Intelligent Admission Control Overview

Preemption

Queuing

DRD

Admissionalgorithm

Succeeded

Failed

Failed or notsupported


Service requestdenied

Service requestadmitted

Failed

Succ-eeded

Succ-eeded

Succ-eeded

FailedSucc-eeded

Failed

Succeeded Succeeded

RAB processing

RRC connection processing

Iu Qos Negotiationalgorithm switch

UE capability

RAB establishmentRAB modificationInbound relocation

Ratereconfigurationhard handover

Cell loadinformation list LIT

Scenario

LDM CRM Others

DCCC algorithm switch

Ratenegotiation

PS domain:maximum ratenegotiation

PS and CSdomains:initial ratenegotiation

PS domain BEservice:

target ratenegotiation

Load admission

Code resourceadmission

Iub resourceadmission

Credit resourceadmission

FailedRRC connectionrequest

Admissionalgorithm DRD Redirection


Resource Admission Check Overview

Affected users Users in connected mode

Procedure Make decision whether to admit

new users or service upgrade

according to the available system

resources.

Resources to

check

1. DL Channelization Code

2. Radio Resource: Power /

Interference

3. Credit: Resource

4. Iub transmission bandwidth

For

HSDPA/HSUPA

Maximum user number per Cell /

NodeB

Admission request

Code resource based admission?

Credit resource based admission?

Iub resourcebased admission?

Resource admission passed

Power resource based admission?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Resource admission denied

No

No

No

No


Overview

Resource Admission Check• Radio Resource• Code Resource• Iub Bandwidth• NodeB CE

Rate Negotiation




Admission Check of Radio Resource

UL and DL independently On the basis of TCP / RTWP On the basis of equivalent user number

Request initiation

Uplink calladmission desicion

Admitted?

Downlink calladmission desicion

Admitted?

Request admitted Request rejected

End

No

No

Yes

Yes


Admission Algorithm Selection

Algorithm 1: based on TCP/RTWP measurement and load increment estimation

Downlink:Load level definition: TCP (Transmitted Carrier Power)

Uplink: Load level definition: load factor

Load increment of the new request is taken into consideration.

Algorithm 2: based on static Equivalent Number of Users calculation

Standard user: 12.2kbps AMR with active factor 100%.

Algorithm 3: based on current TCP/RTWP measurement

Based on TCP/RTWP measurement;

Load increment of the new request is not taken into consideration

RTWPPN

UL 1


Uplink Admission Algorithm 1 & 3

)/( NoEcFun

Uplink admission control request

Get measured RTWP and calculatethe current uplink load factor.

Calculate the increment of theuplink load due to the request.

Get the predicted uplink loadfactor.

RTWPPN

UL 1

LUULpredictedUL ,

Compare the predicted value withadmission threshold

! Increment is always equal to ZERO when

algorithm 3 is applied


Downlink Admission Algorithm 1&3

)/_,/( NoEcCPICHNoEcFunP

Downlink admission control request

Get measured current TCP

Calculate the increment of thedownlink power due to the request.

Get the predicted downlink totalpower

Compare the predicted power withadmission threshold

TCP

PTCPP predicted

! Increment is always equal to ZERO when

algorithm 3 is applied

)()1()/_(/1

/)1(

1010

10 NPNECPICH

PNE

NENP

Nc

CPICH

Nc

Nc ）（


UL & DL Admission Algorithm 2

Based on ENU (Equivalent Number of User s calculation) Standard user:

-12.2kbps AMR with activity factor 100%-EUN for standard user: 1

ENU for non standard user:-Uplink

-Downlink

dardsc

NcN NE

NEk

tan0

101

1

tan1N

/11

/11

Noc

dardsoc

NE

NEk


Priority Handling of Admission Check

Parameters Default value

UL Handover access threshold 80％UL threshold of Conv AMR service 75％

UL threshold of Conv non_AMR service 75％UL threshold of other services 60％

• Threshold for uplink radio resource admission check

Parameters Default value

DL Handover access threshold 85％DL threshold of Conv AMR service 80％

DL threshold of Conv non_AMR service 80％DL threshold of other services 75％

•Threshold for downlink radio resource admission check