http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgVlXOyU10I tropic minds tropic minds

1. The Nile River

A.A. Since most of Since most of Egypt is a desert, Egypt is a desert, people settled people settled along the along the Nile Nile River.River.

B.B. It provided It provided drinking water drinking water and irrigation of and irrigation of crops.crops.

C. Yearly floods C. Yearly floods left rich left rich deposits of deposits of siltsilt that fertilized that fertilized the land.the land.

D. The river also D. The river also acted as a acted as a “liquid “liquid highway” for highway” for travel.travel.

The Nile floods around

September 15th every

year; this is caused by a buildup of Ethiopian rains and melting

mountain snow that is dumped into

the Blue Nile.

DON’T WRITE

The Blue Nile, which starts at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, joins the White Nile (source: kind of Lake Victoria) at the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.

DON’T WRITE

E. Egypt was called the “bread basket” E. Egypt was called the “bread basket” because they grew wheat and flax. because they grew wheat and flax. They exported food to other parts of They exported food to other parts of the world.the world.

2. Upper and Lower 2. Upper and Lower EgyptEgypt

A. Upper Egypt (south)(south) ended at a cataract (waterfall) because boats could not continue upstream.

B. Lower EgyptB. Lower Egypt (north, near the (north, near the sea) consisted sea) consisted of the Nile of the Nile DeltaDelta, a broad, , a broad, triangular-triangular-shaped marshy shaped marshy area of land.area of land.

C. In 3100 BC, a pharaoh named Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt and built a capital, Memphis.

3. Three Kingdoms of

Egypt:

Ancient Egyptian

history can be split into

three sections:

A. The Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BC) was when the pyramids were built to bury Pharaohs!

Great Sphinx at GizaGreat Sphinx at Giza

What does the portrayal of the king as a lion suggest about the nature of kingship in ancient Egypt?

B. The Middle Kingdom (2100-1800 BC) was Egypt’s Golden Age.

•Hieroglyphics •Papyrus•Pyramids•Calendar•Clock

The boat and more than twenty other models of boats, gardens, and workshops were found in a small chamber in the tomb of Meketre, a Theban official.

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Book of the Dead

This scene from the Book of the Dead shows the journey to the afterlife. Nany, a woman stands the Hall of Judgment to the left of a scale. Her heart is being weighed against Maat, the goddess of justice and truth, wearing a single large feather. On the right is Osiris, god of the underworld and rebirth. He wears the white crown of Upper Egypt and the curving beard of a god. On the table before him is an offering of a joint of beef. Jackal-headed Anubis, overseer of mummification, adjusts the scales, while a baboon—symbolizing Thoth, the god of wisdom and writing—sits on the balance beam and prepares to write down the result. Behind Nany stands the goddess Isis, both wife and sister of Osiris.

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C. In the New Kingdom (1500-1000 BC), Egypt became an empire. It ends with invasions by Romans, Greeks, & Persians

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjTmG1H4_Io engineering an empire engineering an empire

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAbOZqRPbGk egypt facts egypt facts

4. The Rosetta Stone showed Egyptologists how to read

hieroglyphics and demotic

Egyptian Life

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Egyptian CivilizationEgyptian Civilization CityCity—Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom—Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom ReligionReligion- variety of belief systems and practices. - variety of belief systems and practices.

Belief of afterlife. mummification)Belief of afterlife. mummification) Social class-Social class- Most Egyptians were farmers. During Most Egyptians were farmers. During

New Kingdom society grew as trade and warfare New Kingdom society grew as trade and warfare increased.—some woman could be priest to serve increased.—some woman could be priest to serve goddess.goddess.

Specialty Job-ArtisanSpecialty Job-Artisan, craftsman, dike repairs, , craftsman, dike repairs, Astronomers –developed a calendar –became the Astronomers –developed a calendar –became the basis of western calendar. basis of western calendar.

WritingWriting- Hieroglyphics- used to keep important - Hieroglyphics- used to keep important records-form of picture writing. records-form of picture writing.

Public works-Public works- build build dikes, labor on palaces, dikes, labor on palaces, temples and tombstemples and tombs

Art and architecture-Art and architecture- hymns and prayers. hymns and prayers. Paintings and sculpture of statues, carvings on Paintings and sculpture of statues, carvings on templestemples

Gov’tGov’t- - Pharaoh ruled as monarch. Divine rule.Pharaoh ruled as monarch. Divine rule.

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Ancient Egyptian Housing

Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class

HomesMiddle Class Homes

Peasant Homes

Peasant Homes

Egyptian NobilityEgyptian Nobility

Egyptian Priestly ClassEgyptian Priestly Class

Egyptian ScribeEgyptian Scribe

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Thutmose III

1504-1450 B. C. E.

Thutmose III

1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II

1279-1212 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Egyptian MathEgyptian Math

11 1010 101000

10010000

10,0010,0000

100,00100,0000

1,000,001,000,0000

What number is this?

What number is this?

King TutankhamonKing Tutankhamon

Preparation for the Afterlife

Preparation for the Afterlife

Summary QuestionSummary Question

How were religion gov’t and art How were religion gov’t and art linked in ancient Egypt?linked in ancient Egypt?

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:

“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:

“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”

Osiris Isis Horus Osiris Isis Horus

Materials Used in Mummification

Materials Used in Mummification

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

The Ankh – The “Cross” of LifeThe Ankh – The “Cross” of Life

HIEROGLYPHICSHIEROGLYPHICSHieroglyphics is the Egyptian form of writing. They did not write on Hieroglyphics is the Egyptian form of writing. They did not write on

paper, but on papyrus which is reeds cut into thin strips then paper, but on papyrus which is reeds cut into thin strips then pounded and dried. Hieroglyphics are usually animals or things that pounded and dried. Hieroglyphics are usually animals or things that

mean something important in their language. For example, the letter mean something important in their language. For example, the letter E stands for 2reed leaves.E stands for 2reed leaves.

Egyptologists say they have Egyptologists say they have identified the 3,000-year-old identified the 3,000-year-old mummy of Hatshepsut, mummy of Hatshepsut, Egypt's most powerful female Egypt's most powerful female ruler.ruler.

In all, Hatshepsut In all, Hatshepsut accomplished what no accomplished what no woman had before her. woman had before her. She ruled the most She ruled the most powerful, advanced powerful, advanced civilization in the civilization in the world, successfully, for world, successfully, for twenty years. Even if twenty years. Even if there were some who there were some who resented her success, resented her success, her success stands for her success stands for all eternity.all eternity.

Queen Hatshepsut Queen Hatshepsut dressed as a king, dressed as a king, even wearing a even wearing a false beard and the false beard and the Egyptian people Egyptian people seem to have seem to have accepted this accepted this unprecedented unprecedented behavior. behavior.

An X-ray image An X-ray image of the mummy of of the mummy of Pharaoh Queen Pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut is Hatshepsut is seen at the seen at the Egyptian Egyptian museum in Cairo, museum in Cairo, Egypt. Egypt. (Discovery (Discovery Channel)Channel)

The Egyptians sent trading missions to Punt, a region of East The Egyptians sent trading missions to Punt, a region of East Africa that was rich in gold, resins, ebony, blackwood, ivory Africa that was rich in gold, resins, ebony, blackwood, ivory and wild animals, including monkeys and baboons. They also and wild animals, including monkeys and baboons. They also went in search of slaves. The best-documented mission was went in search of slaves. The best-documented mission was

sent during the reign of Hatshepsut. Scenes from these sent during the reign of Hatshepsut. Scenes from these expeditions are illustrated on her funerary temple at Deir el-expeditions are illustrated on her funerary temple at Deir el-

Bahari, near the Valley of the Kings.Bahari, near the Valley of the Kings.

The mummy was discovered The mummy was discovered by Howard Carter in 1903by Howard Carter in 1903

A mummy found A mummy found more than 100 more than 100 years ago has years ago has been identified as been identified as pharaoh Queen pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut,. She Hatshepsut,. She was one of the was one of the most powerful most powerful and mysterious and mysterious of all ancient of all ancient rulers.rulers.

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”

PerfumePerfume

WhigsWhigs

MirrorMirror

Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.Queen Tiye,

wife of Amenhotep II

1210-1200 B. C. E.

Queen Tiye, wife of

Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Hatshepsut, in a final bid to Hatshepsut, in a final bid to be recognized as a legitimate be recognized as a legitimate queen, constructed a fabulous queen, constructed a fabulous temple in the Valley of the temple in the Valley of the KingsKings, of all places, by a tall , of all places, by a tall plateau at Deir-el-Bahri, plateau at Deir-el-Bahri, across the Nile from Thebes. across the Nile from Thebes.

The Temple of Deir El-Bahri is one of the most characteristic temples in the whole of Egypt, due to its design and decorations. It was built of limestone, not sandstone like most of the other funerary temples of the New Kingdom period.

The expedition set out in her name with five ships, each measuring The expedition set out in her name with five ships, each measuring seventy feet (21 m) long, and with several sails; each ship seventy feet (21 m) long, and with several sails; each ship

accommodated 210 men, including sailors and thirty rowers. Many accommodated 210 men, including sailors and thirty rowers. Many goods were bought in Punt, notably myrrh, which is said to have been goods were bought in Punt, notably myrrh, which is said to have been Hatshepsut's favorite fragrance. Most notably however, the Egyptians Hatshepsut's favorite fragrance. Most notably however, the Egyptians returned from the voyage bearing thirty-one live frankincense trees, returned from the voyage bearing thirty-one live frankincense trees,

whose roots were carefully kept in baskets for the duration of the whose roots were carefully kept in baskets for the duration of the voyage. This was the first ever recorded attempt to replant foreign voyage. This was the first ever recorded attempt to replant foreign trees. She reportedly had the trees planted in the courts of her Deir trees. She reportedly had the trees planted in the courts of her Deir

el Bahari mortuary templeel Bahari mortuary temple