JAMES ALAN CONE

Civil WarApril 12, 1861 - April 9, 1865

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Leaders

UnionThe president for the Union was Abraham Lincoln

ConfederatesThe president for the Confederates was Jefferson Davis

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Who was Involved

The UnionStates that remained loyal to the United States

• Their states included California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia

Who was Involved

Border StatesBorder States were pro slavery but did not want to

secede.These states were West Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, and Maryland http://www.ushistory.org/us/images/

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Who was Involved

Confederate StatesThese states were for slavery and states rights

and also wanted to secede.The states that seceded before Lincoln’s election

were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas

After his election Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina seceded too

Alliances for Confederates

• Two of the Confederates allies were Great Britain and France

• Great Britain helped them by building ships such as the CSS Alabama

• Provided them with supplies for the war in return for cotton

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Battle at Fort Sumter• On Aril 12, 1861 Brigadier General Beauregard called for

an attack on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina• The battle lasted 2 days and surprisingly there were no

fatalities• The Union’s Major Anderson surrendered on April 14th • There were 500 Confederates and only 85 Union troops• Battle was the beginning of the Civil War http://www.civilwarhome.com/images/ftsumter.jpg

1st Battle of Bull RunJuly 21, 1861 in Manassas, Virginia

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• The Union, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell hoped to obtain the Confederates capital in Richmond , Virginia

• Brigadier General Beauregard controlled the Confederates while Colonel “Stonewall” Jackson

held Confederate’s ground

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1st Battle of Bull Run

• Colonel “Stonewall” Jackson was able to hold the Union until reinforcements came

• With new supplies Confederate troops made the Union troops retreat

• Casualties: Union- 2,896 Confederate-1,982• After this war both sides realized that the war would

be longer than expected and full of casualties• 28,000 Union men vs. 33,000 Confederates

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Battle of GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

• Major General George Meade led his army to ward off invading Confederate troops

• General Robert. E Lee of the Confederates headed north with his troops towards Philadelphia

• 93,921 Union soldiers vs. 71,699 Confederates• The 1st day the Confederates drove the Union troops

away• The 2nd day Union troops were able to hold their line

Battle of Gettysburg

• On the 3rd day 12,500 Confederate soldiers charged Union troops but were held off by the Union

• Casualties: Union- 23,055 Confederates- 23,231• This battle was known as the turning point for the

Union• The battle was fought in the North because

Confederate Generals wanted the Northto become tired of the war

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2nd Battle of Fort FisherJanuary 13-15, 1865 Fort Fisher , North Carolina

• In the 1st battle Union troops lost so they came back with more firepower the second time

Union Generals • Major Alfred Terry who had 9,000 troops • Also there was Rear Admiral David D. Porter who was

in charge of 60 Union shipsConfederate Generals

• Major W.H.C Whiting led 1,900 troops at the fort• Robert. F. Hoke commanded 6,4000 troops north of

the fort• http://americancivilwar.com/pictures/fort_fisher.jpg

2nd Battle of Fort Fisher

• For 2 days Porter’s ships attacked the fort• At 2:30pm the naval assault stopped and led to a land

attack• During the combat General Whiting was killed• At 10:00pm the confederates surrendered• Casualties: Union- 1,388 Confederate-583• Union ships were able to make it up the river and get

to Wilmington which was the Confederates last port• They then closed down the port and the Confederates

were left with no place to get supplieshttp://americancivilwar.com/pictures/fort_fisher.jpg

Battle of Appomattox CourthouseApril 9, 1865

• In a final attempt, General Lee abandoned the Confederate capital

• While heading South he was cutoff by General Grant• April 8th- While Lee was waiting for supplies Union

Cavalry arrived first and burned it• April 9th- Lee’s troops make it to the ridge and see

that they are outnumbered • Soon after Lee withdrew

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Battle of Appomattox Courthouse

Surrender• April 9th at 11:30am Lee sends a letter saying they surrendered• This was the end of the war

Terms• Major artillery turned over• No imprisonment for treason• Side arms, horses and • mules would stay• Casualties: Union- 164 • Confederate-500 http://www.mycivilwar.com/images/battle_images/

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Weapons

Cannons• Napoleon- 12 lb shot• Howitzer- 12, 24, and 32 lb shot • Both were effective anywhere from 250-1,700 yards

Rifles• Used by Confederates and Union• Muzzle loaded• Only 2 or 3 shots a minute• Accurate from 100-400 yards

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Weapons

Pistols• Colt 1851 Navy: Confederates used this gun, 6 shots• Over 250,000 were made from 1851-1873

• Colt Army 1860: Used by Union, 6 shots• About 200,000 were made from 1860-1873

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Weapons

Swords• 1850 Army officer’s sword• The whole length of officer’s sword was 89cm• Bayonet: Normally attached to rifle for close combat• Also used as a normal knife to cut things

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Vehicles

• Most people either walked or had a horse if they were lucky

• Steam trains were used for transporting goodsShips

• They were very important to both sides• The Confederates used ships to get supplies from

foreign countries• The Union used them to close off the Confederates

ports• C.S.S North Carolina sank because it was ironclad

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How the Civil War ended

• On April 9, 1865 General Lee surrendered when he saw that they had no chance anymore

• This was not the end though because 175,000 Confederates were still unaware of this

• For a few more months minor battles were fought between the two sides • Finally on June 23, 1865 all the Confederate troops gave their final surrender

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How did the Civil War affect America’s future?

• One of the ways it affected our future was it kept the United States together

• Also it ended slavery across the country for good• If the Confederates have won it is possible that the

United States could be two different countries

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