n24_Chevron

During one of oqr /ate night vigils at tk chevron, off&our intrepid graphix artist caught this turnkey Of74G of his/her/its (3) nightly rounds of the campus centre. No wonder no on& sleeps there anymore! ,_\ \

_ University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario

vo,hme 16, number 24 friday, noyember 28, 1975

,/ns;& J ) _‘, Rodney on African liberation ....... p. 1 I Selling out the resource-s ........ r .. p. 13 Division of labour

...................... -. .p.24

Women in prison ............. p.26

Demands for an .accessible edu- dent bureducrats submitting a cation’system will be ignored by politicians if ‘students don’t come

brief (on student aid) to the government ; we won’t get anywhere ,”

out to support changes in student fedefatio/n presidelit:lohn Sh&all aid and university funding. sai&-

-That was the co&ensus r&ched at Wednesday’s f&um on student aid held in the Campus Centre and attended by 200 students.

The event was staged by the UW student federation to drum up support among students for public hearingi of a provincial government committee charged with reviewing student financial aid schemes. P

He was referr*g to an Ontario Federation of Studenti. (OFS) brief which calls for a [email protected] the existing student aid programs to allow greater accessibility to post- secondary education.

The OFS will need the full support of students to push for substantial changes in thb education system, Shod1 said.

OFS fieldworker Chris ’ Harries said unless studenfs come out en

He said politicians aren’t interested in what OFS thinks since they want to know what sort of mass support the organization has.

- Students should @so mobilize an “ongoing struggle” against government cuts. in the -universitie>

lbudgets, the student aid programs and -the general quality of education; -Harries said.

The gove&ent is already par- ing down c&es in the cdmmunity colleges to the “bare essentials” _ and this is a sign of what will happen to universities, the OFS fieldworker add&

The hearings will be held Dec. masse to the hearin& the organiza- “The p&t-secondary educa- 4-5 in London and January 21 in tion can’t do anything. “OFS can’t tional systeni is and will he treated Toronto. . ,

‘2f Ps just another groub of ‘stu- do everything alone-it needs ac- as a transmission belt for industry tive student support.” in the prbvince.”

/ \

Profs shotild unionise -: 1 ‘. Professors should form a union

to defend their mutual interests and fight the cutbacks in post- secondary education, UW Faculty Association members were told Wednesday.

Psyceology professor Doug Wahlgten said the issue at hand is whether teachers want to fight back or let the government do whativer it wants with university funding.

He said when professors are faced with cutbacks in educational funds there ye two options to consider : -the first ‘is that “we should

capitulate, belly up and go on with our work” ;--and

-the secondis that “we should organize, form a trade union and fight back.” -

. The one thing professors should never do is to compete among themselves and non-academic staff for the “handouts” from the government, Wahlsten said. “If we don’t discuss, unionizing pretty

soap, we’ll lose our positions, and I believe we shouldn’t capitulate.”

Others professors expressed the vie+ that faculty associations across the province which have unionized have done so in reaction to administration moves to fire in- ;structors arbitrarily.

The professors at Celeton Uni- versity formed a union because there was a feeling among them that the administration n?eded ‘tsmar- tening up’ ’ , said Jay Howard, a mechanical enginee&g professor.

Howard said the way to deal with the ad&&ration is to prevent it from making “arbitrary decisions” such as dismissing professors. However, he didn’t see the need for a faculty union at UW since relations with the university are good.

Professors should pressure the government by using the strength of all their faculty associations across Ontario “simultaneously” since such an action could prove more effective than forming a.

union, Howard said. f Another professor called on her colleagues to “unite with the students who just today (manesday) de_cid_ed to oppose the government’s cutbacks .”

The union question arose Chile association members were discussing their wage increases for

. vim-77. The association members decided

to request that the ‘university’give them a 10 per cent increase effective JulL 1976, in addition to cost- of-living adjustments intended to up the salary scale through the next year in line with changes in the Consumer Price Index. -

The hotion also instructedcthe association’s salary committee members, “to take the implications of the federal regulations on wage restraint into consideration during deliberations with the dversity administration , ’ ’

An association press release says I cont’d on page 9

Harries said the recently released Henderson report contains

Cartada Student Loan Plan (CSLP).

su& “extreme proposals” for universities and colleges that if stu- OSAP is-based on an assessment

dents fail to mobilize around them, of financial need and consists of an future generations of students will ’ $800 f&deral loan and provincial

be.unable to enjoy the mini&l be- grant for the remainder up to a rnw-

nefits of post-secondary education. imum of $3,200 per year, and CSLP

The right-wing of the. Progressive is a federal all-loan plan with less

Consenmtive Party is setting up a str;ingent eligibility criteria,

situation to “qrucw’ certain Sec- Several studehts at the%&m

tions of the public, such as stu- 1 raised questions about the role

‘dents, which are least able to take OFS should play in developing a. care of .themselves by releasing this

maSS student movement

repot, H&es said. Some fqlt OFS shot&l coccen- trate’ more on ornanizinn students ’

The report, drafted by a wpecial provihcial committee on govern-

rather than ” bacl&om p~litickg” with government officials.

ment spending, calls for a 65 per Others felt OFS ,should first cent hike in tui&ion (spread over a prove that it represents students .three to four-year period), a $40 when it addresses the government million cut in student aid programs’, by niobilizing students to come to and other cutbacks in programs and these meetings. They believed administrative costs. OFS couldn’t do very much unless,

“Sttidents should go to these it had the commitment of students. public hearings to show that - . Shortall replied saying the OFS they’re serious about these cut- prepares its briefs for students to backs in educatiqm,” .Harries urged.-

read yf not just,the government. , - In ad&tron, he said OFS is trying to

Harries, elaborating on the OFS do its best t0 Or&U'liZe students . . brief, said student aid progrsims Harries said students need to put should be viewed with the follow- Y some substance into their move- ing points in mind: ment by outlining specific organi- the standard of living of students zational tactics*

will continue to fall with the result that more pupils will be

On? such tactic would be to

droppfng but; and boycott classes if the government

-the structuresyof existing student decides to up tuition. “If the gov-

aid programs promote an un- erdment wants to raise fees, we can tell them that’s alright but we won’t

H@ policy xOf accessibility t0 pay them." - universities. ’ . In addition, only six, per cent of

If students did decide to boycott

university students are drtiwn from classes, people- would take/them

families who work in t@e manufac- seriously because%they are ready to

tUring SeCtOr, which regMX?SeIltS 30 put their money where their

per cent of Ontario’s population, mouths are, Harries said I

Harries said. ’ Towards the end of the forum,

“The present student asdance one student ‘urged others to go and . inform their classmates .of the-

programs are ;tn incredible indict- goings-on at the meeting. “I’m - merit of inequality of opportunity to

post-secondary education.“. , going right now, to my class and I’m

At present, the student aid prog- going to tell people about what

rams are the Ontario Student Assis- happened.. That’s the only w,ay to , do it.”

. tance Program.(QSAP) .and the>. I I )j_l,,_l. .;.;.~.~.i.~.-.=,-jahn.morris

2 the chevron friday, november 28, 197E

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- westmount place pharmacy 578-8800

Delivery Service Mon-SAT 9 am - 10 pm

SUN & HOLIDAYS 11 am - 9 pm

Friday Nancy-Lou Patterson. Drawings and

-Liturgical designs. UW Art Gallery. Hours: Monday - Friday 9-4pm, Sun 2-5pm. till Nov. 30.

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Watson & Reynolds frdm 9-l am. 74 cents after 6pm. WLU SocAn panel discussion. Missionariis as agents of cultural infec- tion and inoculation. Panelists include Flora Conroy, Elizabeth Graham, Dave Paul Lumsden, John Peteis, Fenton Rutaranganda. 7pm. WLU Mezzanine. Federation Flicks-Lenny with Dustin Hoffman. 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Non- feds $1.50. Carol Fantasy. Alfred Kunz, Music director and conductor. 8pm. Humanities Theatre. Sold out.

Saturday Campus Centre Pub opens 7pm. Wat- son & Reynolds from 9-lam. 74 cents admission. Federation Flicks-Lenny with Dustin Hoffman. 8pm. AL 116. Feds $1 Non- feds $1.50. Carol Fantasy. Alfred Kunz Music director and conductor. 8pm. Humanities Theatre. Sold out. Waterloo Jewish Students Organiza- tion. Hillet - Chanukch Party. 306 Shakespeare Drive. 8:3Opm. Admis- sion: 1 gift (up to 50 cents) Information: Sandi 884-7198.

Sunday Carol Fantasy. Alfred Kunz Music director and conductor. 2:30pm. Humanities Theatre, Sold out. Federation Flicks-Lenny with Dustin Hoffman. 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Non- feds $1.50.

Monday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campus Centre Board. 1 Oam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Para-legal assistance offers non- professional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 11:30-2:30pm and 7-l Opm. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Bim from 9-l am. 50 cents after 6pm.

Conrad Grebel College Choir. Choral music of Brahms, Schutz, Hassler, Christmas music. Free admission. 12 noon Theatre of the Arts.

Planning Brown Bag Seminar no. 3. Professor William Code on Physical Growth Controls and The Toronto Core. 12:30pm. Env. 136. K-W Red Cross Blood Donor Clinic 2-4:30pm and 6-8:30pm. Rockway Gardens Senior Citizens Centre, Kitch- ener. Nutrition Lecture Series. Making the Most of Your Meat Dollar. Sponsored by Miracle Food Mart. 7:30-IOpm. Adult Recreation Centre, 185 King St. S., Waterloo.

Tuesday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by Campus Centre Board. 1 Oam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Campus Cents Pub opens 12 noon. Bim from 9-l am. 50 cents after 6pm.

Para-legal assistance offers non- professional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1-4:3Opm. Native NorthAmerican Film Series. “Traditional Ways and Legends”. 2pm. National Film Board Theatre, Suite 207, 659 King Street East, Kitchener, Spon- sored by WLU SocAn. Outer’s Club meeting. Elections for next term’s executive to be held. Slides and pictures of this term’s trips to be shown. T-shirts to be sold. Everyone wekmne. 7pm E3-1101.

Films-Atomic Icebreaker Lenin, The Green Patml, Millions on Start. 8pm. EL 204. Sponsored by Canada-USSR As- sociation Inc.

Wednesday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campus Centre Board. loam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens I2 noon. Bim from 9-l am. 50 cents after 6pm. University Chapel. Sponsored by the UW chaplains. 1?:30pm. SCH 218K.

Amateur Radio Club Meeting. VE3UOW All welcome. 4:30pm. E2-2355. Para-legal assistance offers non- professional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 7-l Opm. Chess Club Meeting. Everyone welcome. 7:30pm. Campus Centre 135.

Gay Coffee House. 8:30pm. Campus Centre 110. -

Free Movie-The Wronq Man. Hitch cock flick with Henry Fosda and VeR Miles. Sponsored by the Campu! Centre Board. IO:1 5pm. Campu! Centre Great Hall.

Thursday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campur Centre Board. 1 Oam-4pm. Campu: Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon Royal Retreat from 9-l am. 74 cent! after 6pm.

Para-legal assistance offers non professional legal advice. Cal 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours 1:30-4:30pm. Waterloo Christian Fellowship Evefygne is welcome to come for ai informal time of Bible study and fellow ship. 5:30pm Campus Centre 113. Graduate Club Annual General Meet ing. All Graduate Students are welcome to attend. 7:30pm. Physics 145. Christian Science Organization Everyone is invited to attend these regu lar meetings for informal discussions 7:30pm Hum. 174. Allah’u’abha. Baha’is on campus invite staff, faculty and students to an informa discussion on the Faith. For further in formation phone 576-7952. 8pm. HI= 334.

Friday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campu Centre Board. 1 Oam-4pm. Campu Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens i2 noor Royal Retreat from g-lam. 74 cent after 6pm.

Federation Flicks-Last Tango iI Paris with Marlon Brando. 8pm. AL 11 I Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50.

An Evening of Robert and Clar; Schumann with Barry MacGregor nar rator. 8pm. Theatre of the Arts. Admis sion $5.00 Students, Senior citizen: $1.25.

Classif ied continued from page 4

Housing Wanted Wanted: Accommodation for 4 people iI the upcoming winter term (Jan-May 76: Will sublet or take over lease. Phone (416 634-2816 after 7:3Opm or write Michael Rose, 504 Indian Road, BUI lington, Ontario.

ONE COUPON PER ORDER

friday, november 28, 1975 5 ._ the chevron 3

- 8

Gov’t propoSes’ sweeping. changes , I Getting a’ university or college

degree may be harder if the proposals of the province’s special committee on government spending are implemented-.

The report recommends that the government lift its control on tuition thus allowing universities and community colleges ‘to raise fees to “permit the efficient delivery of high-quality education while at the same time maintaining publicly acceptable standards. ”

and for colleges to $400 from $250, teaching staff would be required if the target reduction of,$80 million were-to be absorbed entirely through productivity increases. f ’

paper credentials in determining eligibility for employment and to encourage the acceptance into the labor market of young people who terminate their formal education at the secondary school level.” The proposals, contained in a

402-page report on government spending presented last Thursday to the Ontario legislature, call for changes in tuition fees, programs, student loans and administration.

The report sets out 184 steps it calculates could save $1.6 billion during the next two years by cutting _ costs in the provincial government’s ministries.

The underlying philosophy of the report is “let the user pay” and it suggests-that university and college students pay a greater share of their education costs (the option being to fire 4,000 professors and instructors).

In addition, the government should “gradually adjust” its support “over a period of several years so as to allow an increase in’the proportion of university and college costs covered by tuition fees ,” the report urges. ’

If colleges and universities raised their fees by 65 per cent, the saving to the government after three years would be $80 million, the report says.

The tuition for universities would increase to $970 from $588

if the report’s suggestion is fole lowed.

“The most appropriate method of achieving this transition appears to be. the phasing of increases over a three to four-year period.”

Presently, tuition fees cover 12 percent of the operating costs of the com_munity colleges and 18 percent of those of universities. In the mid-l%Os, the proportion for universities was between 24 and 28per cent.

But if some universities and colleges are “reluctant” to increase tuition fees, “attempts may be made to increase the efficiency and productivity of their instructional programs ,” the report states.

However, if universitiesand colleges don’t opt for tuition hikes then “a significant reduction in

This week blood was donated but if cutbacks come topass it’s likely that al/students will be bled dry by force of law.

The number of pro&ssdrs to be laid off from the province’s tax- supported universities would be 2,700 and the student-teacher ratio would increase to 16:l from 13.&l, the report says.

Currently, there are 11 ,doo professors employed in Ontario’s post-secondary education system.

The community colleges would have to reduce their teaching staff by about 1,250, leaving the total number of instructors at about 5,000, the report states.

‘Each institution should be allowed to select the combination of tuition fee increases and improvements in instructional programs that it prefers,” the report suggests. ,

To ease the “adjustment proce&‘, the Ontario Council of Uni- versity Affairs and the Council of Regents should provide -a mechanism for liaison between institutions on this important issue, the report urges.

Both councils act as buffer corn- , mittees between post-secondary education institutions and the On- tario government. Their main task is to develop formulas for the dis- tribution of provincial support to the two educational systems.

Coupled with the report’s callfor higher tuition fees, there are prop-. osals for the phasing out of part- time general interest courses in the colleges, thus saving $10 million,

’ and an embargo on new university programs at the graduate lev&

The report also recommends that full backing be given to all efforts discouraging the “use of-academic achievement or paper credentials” as a job screening method.

“The attitudes of employers and society as a whole should be ad-

justed to discourage reliance on

Marsha Forest not to be rehired “- . I \ It has been recommended by the

Human Relations department’s management committee that professor Marsha Forest’s contract not be renewed.

Forest is the wife of professor Jeffery Forest who suffered a similar fate last year at Renisoncollege. When. he wan served notice of termination in Oct. 1974, along with then academic dean of the college, Hugh Miller, a year long faculty and student struggle began which was labelled “The Renison Af- fair’.‘.

It was charged then that the firings were political. And Marsha Forest toid the chevron on Tuesday thatshe is the victim of a political purge. She cited her husband’s case, Miller’s, and that of professor. Marlene Webber who is in a similar situation at Reni’son.

Forest said she believes she is being fired because she is a Marxist-Leninist.

Acting chairman of the department, Arthur Wiener, told the chevron the management ‘committee also serves as an appointment and tenure committee, and in this case was acting in an advisory capacity:

The memo from. the committee to Wiener which recommends Forest’s contract not be renewed begins : “We have considered your request for adviceyegarding Dr. Forest’s reappointment and have taken note of your own view that the appointment should not be renewed. We agree with this view. . .“.

The main factor the committee based its decision on was the opin-

ion of the full-time faculty in the department. According to the memo four. professors voted against, and two voted for Forest’s contract being renewed.

The other component considered was the professor’s scholarly work (writings) which the committee says “is not up to the standard the department ought to uphold”.

j Other factors such as teaching ability and student opinion were not considered. On thesethe memo reads: “The Committee took into consideration whether or not a wider consultation throughout the Department and a more .extensive investigation of Dr. Forest’s teaching effectiveness could possibly provide a basis for reversing the recommendation, but concluded that even the most favourable evidence in these areas would not alter the fact she had failed to gain the requisite respect and esteem of her faculty colleagues, that these colleagues have-g plausible basis for their views, and that-given her defmite-term contract status-this alone constituted sufficient grounds for not re-appointing her. ’ ’

Forest said she is outraged by the way the review has been carried

/out. She said she was never formally notified there was a review taking place.

Weiner admitted that when he asked Forest for her vitae and recent publications he never told her they were for her review. He said he assumed she w,as aware of the situation.

When she was asked for the material Forest saidshe was told it was for the senatereview committee which is reviewing the whole department. She said all the faculty

were submitting work to that committee.

When confronted later by Forest- about her review Weiner said he told her “it was no secret”. Forest said she learned of the review from a junior faculty member. f

Forest also complained that the procedures used disregarded student opinion. Nor were the improvements she has made to the internship program for graduate placements considered she said.

The professor said she rejected the criteria used by the committee.

“‘My job is to teach,” she said, “and I have generally had an extra- ordinary response from students.” “It is just that that I was not evaluated on. ”

Forest said she teaches the same first year course as Weiner and has about 55 students in it compared to seven in his class. -.

Weiner would not comment on the teaching ability of Forest. He said it was not germane to the memo which outlined how the’ committee reached its decision.

On the lack of student input Weiner said “it couldn’t have countered the type of view taken by the seasoned’ and experienced scholars in the department. ”

Forest has approached Pat Rowe, chairperson of PACER (the president’s advisory committee on equal rights). Pacer is currently investigating the feasibility of matched-pair studies, which trace salary increases and promotion of comparative male and female fa- . culty to measure sex discrimina- tion.

Forest believes a study of her case would show blatant discrimi- nation. Rowe said PACER?s terms

of reference allow it to consider the case of anyone who feels she has been discriminated against. She said if Forest sends the details of her case they will be presented to the committee.

She said, however, that “it would be difficult to imagine using a matched pair study to discuss termination, ” since it is designed for comparison of salary increases and promotion whichcan be traced on a graph. ,

‘ Mike McDonald the local Cana- dian Association of University Teachers representative’ has also been’approached by Forest. He told the chevron he was “just asking questions” of the appropriate ,people. He said following any complaint this was normal procedure before CAUT would make any decision about entering the case. \

A final’ decision on the commit- tees recommendation will be made before Dec. 31 Dean <of Arts Jay Minas told the chevron. Forest’s .contract ends in June 1976 and that- would give her the statutory six months notice.

- But it seems that before that day dawns the committee decision will have been well debated on campus. The decision was released Monday and by Tuesday the chevron had received four letters from student groups supporting Forest. By Wednesday a “Mass Meeting to oppose political flings” had been organised with a “partial list” of 30 speakers from faculty and student groups.

Forest sai d she would submit her case. to the meeting on Tuesday and

/ let the people decide. --neil dochewty

Other report recommendations on post-secondary education suggest changes in the student financial assistance program. s

Noti, the program is based on an assessment of financial need and consists of a $800 federal loan and a provincial grant for the remainder up to a maximum of $3,200 per year.

The report suggests that “as a - . first step”, the maximumgrant por-.

tion be trimmed to $2,200 and the loan portion be upped to $1,800, saving the government approximately $40 million in 1976-77 if the proposal is enforced.

The report also suggests that On- tario, initiate negotiations with _ other provinces and the federal government ‘ ‘to replace existing student assistance schemes by a new guaranteed all-loan plan with repayment provisions based on subsequent earnings.” : Severing the relationship bet-

ween parental income and eligibility for this new loan plan for all students should also be considered, the report suggests.

If the proposed negotiations are unsuccessful, the report says ef: ,forts should be directed, at replacing the grant portion of the existing

-student assistance program with an ’ all-loan plan.

A bursary program should be set up by the province and adminis- tered by universities and colleges which recognizes both “academic achievement and financial need, so that any barriers to outstanding students fromlow-income families would -be removed.”

Administrative costs in universities and colleges should be slashed by 10 per cent, the figure applied this year to spepding in the province’s civil service, the report suggests. This measure’ would re- s’ult in a $25 million saving if accepted. /

The report suggests that since ’ post-secondary educational institu- ’ tions “and their clients me considerable lead-time to respond to change... we prop&e that our recommended changes be scheduled far gradual implementa- tion over a three to four-year period.”

In its. preamble, the report says that the members of the committee . “are concerned by the prospect of an increasing burden to taxpayers in support of post-secondary education. ’

“Although extension of the post- secondary education system to meet citizen needs is both a legitimate public investment and an important political and social goal, we conclude that a reduction in the rate of taxpayer’s support of the system is not only desirable but necessary.”

Ontario presently spends $1 billion on post-secondary education which works out to 8.5 per cent of the total provincial spending.

The report of the Special Prog- ram Review committee is the result of five months work by representatives of the private sector and senior deputy ministers.

Committee members from the private% sector were: former federal auditor general Maxwell Hender- son, broadcaster Betty Kennedy, and General Foods Ltd. president Robert Hurlbut.

Government representatives were: deputy treasurer Rendall Dick, cabinet secretary James Fleck, and management board secretary W. A. B. Anderson. The committee’s chairman was provincial treasurer Darcy M&eough.

-john morrii

4 the chevron friday, november 28, 1971

-- WINTER TERM COURSES AT RENISON COLLEGE

The following courses are useful for students in sociology, psychology, economics, political science, history and general arts as well as students in Renison’s Social Development Studies Programme.

Tues. 3:30-5:3O History of Social Welfare, Sooial Work 326 R*, Thurs. 4:30-5130 This course will examine the development of social welfare policies--from the British Poor Laws to the Canada Assistance Plan-in the context of the developments in capitalism which dictated the im- plementation of particular kinds of welfare legislation.

Commu&y Issues, Interdisciplinary Social Science 221 R*, Time: to be arranged An examination of political, social and ethical issues in selected social problems with particular emphasis on the K-W community. This term will concentrate on ownership and control of the mass media, methods used to produce “packaged consciousness” and the question of what interests are served by the mass media. If there is interest in the class, this course can be split into two sections, the other concentrating on the housing question-the construction oligopoly, vertical integration, “rationalisation” of the industry, etc. This course will rely heavily on local research and investigation.

Tues. ~ 12 :30-l :30 Community Organisation 2, Social Work 322R* Thurs. 12:30-2:30 This course will concentrate on developments in Canada with respect to such diverse formations in organisation practice as unionisation of social workers, the union of injured workers, collective action by welfare recipients and the unemployed, etc.

Prerequisites: “- Admission through completion of prerequisite indicated (see calendar) or by consent of instructor. Students should consult Renison’s calendar for official course descriptions.

These courses will be taught by Marlene Webber.

Lost Gold frame glasses lost Tues. Nov. 18 in Math building or field outside Campus Centre. If found please contact 884-5825. Silver ring with green stone graduation ring, inscription: Scollard Hall, N.B.C. 1974. Initials inside band, D.C.R. left in men’s washroom, campus centre, Sun- day Nov. 15, 1975. Contact Chevron ext. 2331.

Found Sum of money along Westmount Road between University Ave. & Bible Bett. Leave message at Chevron with amount lost and approximate time and will contact to return.

Personal * Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Con- trol Centre is an information and referral centre for birth control, V.D., unplanned pregnancy & sexuality. For all the alter- natives phone 885-l 211, etx. 3446 (Rm. 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency numbers 884-8770.

Pregnant? What am I going to do? Call

Classifig deadline is noon Tuesdays for Friday publication.

We know it took a lot, to get where vou are todav.

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Right now, you’re wondering where you can put your talent and your ideas to work. Obviously, you want to work for a company who will really appreciate what you have to offer and give you the room you need to grow.

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In fact, Northern Electric is one of the

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We’ve grown to the point where sales in 1974 reached a record $970 million.

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Whether it’s tele- phone exchanges, microwave relay networks or satellite communications systems. One of the results of our growth is that we employ about 25,000 people in 24 plants

around the world. Ob- viously, we want this growth to continue and we want to remain a leader in telecommuni- cations. One way to do this is to hire talented young people and give them a real chance to grow. Of course, our standards are high but then so are the rewards.

Do you want) to join a company with a real future? Talk to your placement office or if you prefer, contact Manager, Staffing, P.0. Box 6123, Montreal, Quebec. H3C 35% Tel: (514) 931-5711.

COMPANY, LIMITED

BIRTHRIGHT for confidential help 579-3990. Free pregnancy tests. Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Rm 21X. Open Monday - Thursda! 7-1 Opm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-l 211, etx 2372. Part-time job available. Turnkey job! available. Any registered student of tht U of W may apply. General Meeting tha all applicants must attend will be helc January 6 at 6pm, Campus Centre Room 113. For further information writf S. Phillips, Campus Centre Board, U o W.

Application forms for the Faculties o Dentistry and Law, University of Westerr Ontario are available in the Career In, formation Centre, First Floor, Needle: Hall. Language or style problems? I wil copyedit non-technical theses, books o papers, also proofread * manuscripts 884-8021. Quebec Ski Tour Dec. 27-Jan. 1 $85. f Full Days of Skiing at Mt. St. Anne. Al Transportation and Deluxe Accommo dation included. For information 4 Brochure. Write Canadian Ski Tours, 2f Taylorwood Drive, Islington, or Phone Gord Allan 749-6900. HI-LINE 884-2190. Confidential, Listen ing, Information, Anything. 7pm-7an Nightly. Girls looking for part-time work as GC Go Dancers. Good working conditions Call Laurie 5798085.

For Sale 1971 Triumph Spitfire hardtop, excel lent condition, safety checked, Michelir radials, 46,000 original miles, win terized. Must sell, $1595 or best offer 884-7780.

Wanted U of W Mathematics graduate lookin! for research or TA position in January, Call 7459020 after 5pm. Ask for Mike

Part-time secretary for the Engineerin! Society at U of W. Time ranges from 2 tc 4 hours per day but this and salary arc negotiable. Interview time may be ar ranged in Rm. 1038, Math & Compute building, between 9 & 4 week days; c tel. ext. 2457.

Ride Wanted Two people need ride to Kansas City (c other midwestern city) before Chrisi mas. Call 745-2958.

TY ping Fast accurate typing. 40 cents a page IBM Selectric. Located in Lakeshore Vil lage. Call 884-6913 anytime.

Will do student typing, reasonable rates Lakeshore village. Call 885-l 863.

Housing available Summer term, reserve your room Now

- Single room $15 weekly. One completl double $12 each person. Males. 5 ml nute walk to either University. Frig, toas ter, tea kettle, but no cooking. Clear quiet in private home. 884-3629, 201 Lester St., Waterloo. Furnished two-bedroom apartment tl sublet May to September. Suitable fc four people. Call 8844985. Female roommate needed to share : bedroom apartment starting Januar), Own room. Phone 8844985.

Available after Christmas one doubll room and half double. Full use of horn{ and all appliances. Mrs. Wrigt- 885-l 664.

London this workterm? 2 bedroom, full broadloomed apartment to sublet Jan. to April 30, sauna, pool, close-to bu: Phone I-471 -2759 after 6:30pm. Townhouse to sublet. May 1 - Sept. 1 Sunnydale Place. Partly furnished bedrooms; 2 bathrooms. For further ir formation Call 884-8588. 1 bedroom apartment. Partially fur nished. Opposite plaza with laun dramat. 20 minutes from campus $160/month. See Bruce or Lyn 886-0833, 354 Erb St., Apt. 4. Person wanted to share furnished / bedroom apt. in main floor of duple> $1 OO/month. Call 742-6381 c 416-544-0865 (Hamilton)

continued on page :

fridayj november 28, 1975 the chevron 5

Rodney lecttires on Marxism and Africa

Marxism contains a perception of social phenomena necessary for

states, that Marxism was anti- religious or that it simply didn’t de-

the liberation of the Third World liver the goods. Now in more from economic dependence on the sophisticated and subtle ways the capitalist west and, thusly , from ‘natives’ are told that Marxism is a underdevelopment. ‘foreign’ ideology, specific to

This was the message given to students here Monday in two lec- tures presented by Walter Rodney.

From Guyana, Rodney has taught history at the University of the West Indies in Jamaica and at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.

The two talks were titled “Marx- ism and the Third World” and “Af- rican Liberation Movements and Support Movements”, respec- tively .

Rodney commented on the history of Marxist thought in the Third World and the virulent resistance it met from the colonial powers. While much of this reaction took on violent forms as in Vietnam or Algeria, most of it was couched in non-ideological terms.

nineteenth century Germany. And to a great extent they have been successful .”

The typical reaction of many Af- rican intellectuals is to view Marx- ism as an alien ideology and to, al- ternatively seek for some sort of ‘indigenous’ ideology.

This, he felt, occurred due ‘to their failure to see in Marxism a mode of analysis of the dynamics governing the productive forces and the social relationships found in capitalism and in other modes of production.

And he-asked, in making an anal- ogy, if a Ghanaian would search for a distinctly Ghanaian form of il- lumination different from Western electricity.

“The primacy given in many quarters to the cultural context results in one missing the whole un-

“While in -earlier decades Euro- derlying strata which,” Rodney peans and Americans told the ‘na- stated, “places all of theThird* World tives’ in their colonies or satellite in a common dependency re-

MP berzmans in%dion Faculty members at Carleton

University who unionized were “out of their minds”, Max Saltsman, NDP member of parliament for Waterloo North told a management sciences seminar on inflation Nov. 19.

If the faculty ever went out on strike, “everyone would cry hal- lelujah,” said the NDP finance cri- tic and adjunct professor of management sciences at U of W.

Saltsman argued that secondary school teachers have more economic power because when they’re out on strike “there’s no one looking after people’s brats .”

Saltsman proposed three main causes for inflation in Canada. These are rising food prices, rising energy costs and an increase in employment in low productivity service occupations.

Noting that this last point was a new contribution to the inflation debate, Saltsman elaborated on it. He said that wages in industries suchas steel have generally risen at the same time as productivity has risen, resulting in no inflation.

In’ service industries, however, productivity does not rise, and wage, increases are totally inflationary.

In teaching, for example, class size and teaching time have not increased, and in fact teachers want smaller classes.

Because people’s’ reaction to in-

yer award If you’re expecting a student

award, you better go and pick it up at the student awards office, second floor, Needles Hall.

Many awards have arrived -from Queen’s Park but due to the postal strike they can’t be sent off to U W recipients.

flation is more of a psychological problem than an economic one, he argued, only a total prices and incomes freeze could cope with inflation today. He predicted that the Trudeau program would reduce inflation by 1.5 per cent at most.-

The Member of Parliament went on to say that wages are easily controlled, but that profits cannot be restrained because the whole system depends on profits. Controlling inflation by restricting the money supply would necessarily cause enormous unemployment.

Speaking of the effect of the Trudeau government’s wage and _ price control program, Saltsman noted that it includes “an element of unfairness .” .

“Any incomes policy is unjust,” - he said, but the injustice may be mitigated by rearranging the dis- tribution of income in other ways.

This “closing of the gap between the rich and the poor” is the es- sence of socialism, he claimed.

He saw Canada moving closer to a managed economy where the market would become less important, and where the medieval theory of a “just price” would pre- vail. The future, he predicted, would find life much simpler and more. utilitarian, with greater emphasis on reading and love-making, and with greed still a basic motiva- tion but restrained by law.

There would be both socialism and capitalism. “Socialism” would entail state ownership of major industries, and capitalism would be relegated to a minor part of the economy.

According to Saltsman, govem- ments today have the stronger hand over corporations. ‘ ‘ The multina- tionals have zilch power, nil power” compared with governments, he said.

A vigorous discussion ensued, with several speakers accusing Saltsman of confusing the issues of political economy and classes in Canada. ’

-doug wahlsten & .larty hannant

lationship -with the international forces of capitalist production.”

The narrow view, which focuses on cultural or racial aspects alone, Rodney stressed, fails to come to grips with the existence of classes and of class struggle in Africa.

He noted that even Kwame Nk- rumah, the first president of Ghana and the ideologue of the African revolution during the early stages of de-colonization, failed to per- ceive the class struggle occurring in his country during his term in office.

Only when he was overthrown by an ambitious petit-bourgeois class did Nkrumah finally recognize class relations and antagonisms in Africa. And consequently, before his death in exile in Guinea, he wrote The Class Strug- gle in Africa.

“There are Africans and there are Africans, ’ ’ Rodney went on to say, “and there are black faces and there are black faces. But they are not the same and there are sides to be taken in Africa. To speak of an African people or of an African ‘way’ is to deal in meaningless ab- straction and to miss the real choices which need to be taken.”

Marxism, however, according to Rodney is on the ascendency in Af- rica and in much of the Third World for two reasons.

Firstly, its explication of mass impoverishment in terms of the historical connection between the un- derdeveloped world and the

Walter Rodney, a historiap from Guyana, gave talks at UWon “Marxism and the Third World” abd on “African liberation Movements and Support Movements”. photo by george lornaga

capitalist Wes tlfiirs t through colonialism and later through neo-

formal independence in the sixties.

colonialism-contains a logic not He mentioned’ the activities of

easily ignored. * MPLA in Angola, FRELIMO in Mozambique and PAIGC in

Secondly, it offers an under- Guinea-Bissau to be examples of

.standing of class struggle and polit- Marxist theory welded to the cul-

ical praxis germane to more tural traditions specific to each

egalitarian and democratic social country and of the potential for lib-

structures than those found in Afri- eration whit h that combination

can countries which assumed their possesses. ’

-doug ward

Profs upset by comment%

Mathsoc may be sued The Math Society faces the pos-

sibility of a lawsuit if it proceeds with publication of this year’s AntiCal, according to assistant dean of mathematics Peter Ponzo.

However, after consulting with the student federation’s lawyer Morley Rosenberg, Mathsoc has decided to go ahead with publication, and Anti-Cal should be out sometime next week.

Federation president John S hor- tall said that Rosenberg told him to “go ahead and publish,” as he did not consider that anything in Anti-Cal would support a libel or slander suit. (The federation is leg- ally responsible for Mathsoc and would be a defendant in any suit against them .). -

“I don’t know of any faculty members who definitely plan a suit,” said Ponzo, “and even if I knew I wouldn’t tell you.”

However, Ponzo said that he had heard that two faculty members had consulted with a lawyer and that “in his (the lawyer’s) estima- tion, Mathsoc would lose” if a suit were filed. e

Ponzo said that he was aware of comments from “four or five” faculty members that “someone should stop Anti-Cal from being printed. ’ ’

The problem with Anti-Cal apparently arises from comments on their professors or courses which students are invited to write on the backs of their response forms.

Mathsoc president Gary Dryden said that Anti-Cal is compiled on the basis of a two-page question-

naire which is distributed to all math classes. Answers to the questions are marked on a computer card and any additional comments may be written on the backs of the cards.

These comments then appear in Anti-Cal, edited only for racial or sexual slurs, said Dryden.

Dryden said that h/e had heard that five professors were “upset” by the comments written about them. Typical of some of the comments appearing in Anti-Cal are: -prof delights in seeing students baffled by his mathematical foot- work; -prof has an incurable habit of talking, to the blackboard; -prof always succeeded in completely confusing everyone; -text was cheap, and that most reflected its true value; ’ -prof needs some kind of course in articulation, he mumbles and is un- sure of what to say; -prof was the best of a bad lot; -prof is a sarcastic s.o.b.

According to Dryden, “quite a few profs have said to go ahead and publish,” but apparently profs who have bad comments oppose publication.

Professors or students are free to see Anti-Cal during any stage in its production, Dryden said. He said that this is the first opposition to Anti-Cal that he is aware of.

The opposition arose from faculty members who had previewed

Anti-Cal and objected to comments made about them, according to Ponzb. He said that none of the professors have spoken to him directly, but that he had “heard from some faculty that some others were considering a suit.”

Ponzo said that in his opinion, “the comments are not constructive but in poor taste. I don’t look at the comments; they are a little mis- leading,” he added.

Ponzo also said he felt that the comment section of Anti-Cal should be dropped since “the comments don’t serve much of a useful purpose and generate all the friction between faculty and students. I don’t know whether the comments are valuable enough to warrant all the friction it generates between faculty and students,” he said.

Ponzo noted that in one of his classes during a previous year only four comments had been published out of a class of 150 students, thus “implying that everyone is very unhappy.” He admitted, however, that during previous years only “selected comments” had been ’ published while this year all comments are included.

Anti-Cal was begun in 1969 as an aid to students in selection of their courses and professors. It is published each fall from material provided by questionnaires distributed / in math classes during each term. It is supposed to come out before courses are finalized, but this year it may be a ‘little late.

-henry hess

6 -

/ the chevron friday, november 28, 197!

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could win yourself a real cool set of So put on your white bucks and bobby wheels-agenujne 1954 Buick sedan. All socks - and split to the Red Barn for you gotta do is make the scene at The some great-tasting burgers Red Barn and fill out an entry coupon. and fries! You could win the There’s nothing to buy! s- ‘V&

* prize of the Century! phA _

Friday Nov. 28 9:00 Carlos Mota and Mike Moore

12:oo 12:15

12:45 3:oo 5:30

6:00 8:00

10:30

12:oo 3:oo

12:00 James Higginson 3:00 To Be Announced 3:30 Ian Allen and Sandy Yates 6:00 Music 8:00 LIVE SPORTS COVERAGE

Basketball coverage from thI Physical Activities Complex The Naismith Finals

lo:30 David Moss 12:00 Don Cruikshank

3:00 Sign Off

Sunday Nov. 30 9:00 Greg Lemoine

12:Oo CLASSICAL MUSIC ANf OPERA with Brigitte Allen, Bacl Surrey Part I.

3:00 Harold Jarnicki 6:00 Bob Valliant 9:00 INFORMATION MADE PUBLIC

In co-operation with CKWR-Ff this programme examines lot: news and issues. With Bill Cul and Bob Mason.

Mike Ura STORY- Swallows and Ama- zons w,ith Marilyn Turner Mike Ura Dave Thompson SEXUALITY AND HUMAN- KIND - Interview with Sharon Mintz and Honey Panek, federal field workers, about the federal role in International Women’s Year. Phil Rogers . LIVE SPORTS COVERAGE- Live coverage of the Waterloo vs. Laurier Hockey Game from Waterloo Arena with commen- tators Gary Fick, Dave Polley, and Morgan Pirie. THE MUTANT HOUR with Bill Wharrie JAZZ with Ian Murray Sign Off

10:00 Ken Mitchell and Mike Kelso 1:OO Ray Marcinow 3:00 Sign Off

Monday Dec. 1 9:00 Chris Hart

12:00 Music 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama

zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 Music

2:45 PERSPECTIVES- A United Na tions Radio outline of the fact material to a major world issue produced weekly by U. N. Radii in New York.

3:00 Jeff Parry 6:00 THE WORLD AROUND US

Lilah Heath,- Lorraine Waltor and Adelaine Chancy speak to i group in Toronto about variou aspects of racism, including in cidents in Toronto and Montreal

Saturday Nov. 29 6:30 Steve Atkinson

9:00 Robert Statham * 8:00 FOLK with Stan Gap 9:00 NATIVE ISSUES- Flora Conro

talks to Vern Harper from the To ronto Warrior Society about the history and aims of the organiza tion.

/ Astwdent researcher named Sue,‘ While studying owampus brew,

Says the trend is now clear To a beer without peer, LabattYBlue’is now ‘in’

with‘who’s who’! - c

Labattk Blue-smiles along with yor

9:30 JAZZ with Dennis Ruskin 12:00 Ewan Brocklehurst

3:00 Sign Off

Tuesday Dec. 2 9:00 Doug Baker

12:00 Dave Gillett 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama

zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 Dave Gillett

2:45 SCOPE- Newsmagazine pro duced by United Nations Radio,

3:00 Sally Tomek 6:00 DOWN TO EARTH FESTIVAL

A discussion with a representa tive from zero population growtl on that organization, and popula tion and immigration trends ir Canada followed by a discussior on Bakavi.

6:30 Niki Klein 9:00 Joe Belliveau

IO:00 LIVE PUB, BROADCAST- Thi: week featuring ‘Bim’

12:00 Kim St. Pierre 3:00 Sign Off

Wednesday Dec. 3 9:00 Kevin O’Leary

12:00 David Glendenning 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama

zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 David Glendenning

3:00 Bill Stunt 6:00 COUCHICHING 1975- Davic

Pollock, from the U. N. Economic Commission for Latin America addressed the Couchichin< Conference on Canada and the

-Third World, What Are the . Choices.

6:30 Bert Bonkowski 9:00 IS THIS IT? Local news ant

,commentary with Mike Gordon 9:30 BLUES with Nathan Ball

12:00 Nigel Bradbury 3:00 Sign Off

Thursday Dec. 4 9:00 Music

12:00 Greg Yachuk 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama.

zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 Greg Yachuk

3:00 Jerry Sokol 5:30 SPORTS REPORT with Gar)l

Fick and Niel Wrigley 6:00 Andy Bite 9:00 Mike Devillaer

12:00 Larry Stareky and Lou Montana 390 Sign Off

*idav. november 28, 1975 the chevron 7

Starting’ deficit of $20,000

FederatiOn ‘to m9i76& cC The student federation will take a variety of student federations much easier for the federation then agreed in principle%0 student

ver full management of the cam- who lobbied the government for Prior to the legislation being in- management of the campus centre us centre pub in January and will legislation which would allow cam- traduced LLBO chairman, James pub. The pub responsibilities were tart off with a deficit of $20,000. pus pubs. Mackey, told a meeting of univer- divided and negotiations began, in

For the last year #ub has been divide ederation and the Gristration.

-- ^_ .

control of the rd between the university ad-

The federatron has been in harge of door money and enter- ainment while the administration Joked after the bar.

An agreement close ,to being igned by the two bodies will give he student federation full control. md that will mark the end of a hree year campaign by the federa- ion to get a student controlled wat- ring *hole on campus.

Throughout 1973 UW was a lember of the Ontario Student Pub Lssociation, a group comprised of

A successful tactic used then by many federations was to get special daily licenses. These are licenses which are granted individuals for special occasions. Each person is allowed a certain quota and in this way UW had a student pub six days a week from fall of 1973 to Sept. 1974.

This tactic was doubly successful, Shortall told the chevron, be-

cause it harassed the Liquor Licensing Board of Ontario (LLBO) with a mountain of paper work.

In 1974 the government’ passed legislation which allowed for can- teen licenses at universities. But in- itially that did not make things

sity administrators that he didn’t want students to get pub licenses.

But when the legislation was passed, while it only permitted the universities to hold the licences it did allow student groups to have management agreements with their administrations.

At UW, however, Shortall said the administration maintained that only they could run the pubs.

But in Dec. 1974, the then minister of consumer and corporate affairs, John Clement, sent a tele- gram to all student governments explaining that under the law students could manage the campus pubs.

UW president, Burt Matthews,

Jan. 1975.

Tuition increase expected

The dual relationship was a tem- porary measure until the federation took complete control, but accord-. ing to Shortall it has not worked well and is largely responsible for the projected $29,000 deficit this year. At the end of October the figure in the red was about $26,000, but he hopes that will be cut before January.

The problem, said Shortall, is that the federation’s only income from the pub has been from the admission charge. But the cost of col- lecting $27,OOO,at the door (Jan. to Oct.) was $21,000 in wages paid to the collectors. The bands have cost $28,400 which added to $600 for advertising and over $2,000 for miscellaneous items comes out at about a $26,000 deficit.

Trade-offs between grgater {o&loads for professors and tui- on hikes for students is the way to void deteriorating education stan- ards, UW ,president Burt Matth- ws said Tuesday.

“A combination-of both is prob- bly going to have to occur to main- sin the existing quality of univer- i ty education. ’ ’

Matthews was discussing the roposals of Ontario’s special ommittee on government spend- rg which call for a 65 per cent in- rease in tuition and changes in rograms, student loans and ad- rinis tra tion .

Over $155 million should be axed romthe operating costs of )ntario’s 15 universities and 22 ommunity colleges, the report pecifies .

The committee’s report also laps out 184 steps it calculates ould save 1.6 billion during the ext two years by cutting costs in le provincial government’s minis- ies .

In order to keep the present tandards of education, the univer-

sities will have to increase tuition since students will want a high quality education, Matthews said.

“If the government is going to reduce the universities’ and colleges’ budgets by $80 million then both students and professors will have to pay for it.”

Professors will have to teach more students and thus increase L, * 1 L. -L 1 1 1 1 rneir prooucuvity, ana stuaents will have to pay more in the way of fee increases, Matthews said.

However, the fee increase probably won’t come next year as the Progressive Conservatives pledged not to in the last election, he stated.

Though tuition won’t increase next year, it probably will the year after, Matthews added.

He said the committee’s report was drafted by civil servants who don’t have to worry about the social consequences of their actions.

“But politicians will have to take . . into acc>ount the social consequences of such actions.” ’

The report of the Special Prog- ram Review committee is the result of five months work by representatives of the private sector and

senior deputy ministers. Matthews said the committee’s

response to charges from student leaders that it is discriminating against pupils from low-income families is the proposed bursar-y program.

The program recognizes both “academic achievement and fman- cial need, so that any barriers to . . . . .I . . a. . outs tanaing s tuaents rrom low- income families would be removed,” the committee says.

Matthews said UW has already taken some measures over the last few years to save money in its non-academic budget.

There have been cutbacks in counselling services, health services, library hours, campus planning, security guards and energy, Matthews said. In energy savings alone, the university has reduced costs by $177,000.

Nevertheless, Matthews argued that the government should establish priorities such as social considerations before it plans to slash funding to universities and colleges.

-john morris

When the federation takes control it will get the accumulated bar profit for the year. The surplus is expected to be about $6,000.

They had expected better news from the bar figures, but the main problem, said Shortall, has been that without knowing how the bar was doing they were unable to make the necessary cuts in their department, e.g. fewer groups, and less hours.

pub. . Shortall blames the administra-

tion for being slow with the accounts. During the summer the bar lost $10,000, he says, and the federation didn’t’know until it was too late to do anything. He says it was three months after the fiscal year end before -the federation got the necessary figures.

.

Food Services director, Bob Mudie, admitted-there had been a problem but said charges had been made and accounts would be corn- ing quicker.

Also the amount taken from the ’ _ -bar budget for management services, Shortall thinks, has been too high. .

This is an administration department which keeps the books, makes all the orders, and keeps in- ventory for all the university pubs. Each outlet is charged for this service in proportion to its sales. For the last year the campus centre pub has paid by far the biggest chunk-$24,000.

When the federation takes control, Shortall said the manager will perform many of I these functions and so reduce the management service cost:

Deeks said the agreement bet- - ween the university and the federation has to go before the LLBO but he expects it to, be -returned and signed by mid December.

-neil dochetty

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Since the start of co’nstruction of the trans-Amazonic highway in 1970, hundreds of crimes have been committed against the Indian peo- ples of Brazil ranging fi-om the for- cible r+ocation. of tribes to the bombing of their villages.

From a former population of two to three million, their number has dwindled to 50 or 80 thousand and 87 tribes have been completely wiped out.

The tragic plight of the Indian in Brazil was documented in a film called “The ‘Old Who Must Die” followed by a discussion led by Herbert Sousa, a Brazilian sociologist,at York University who has lived in Brazil for most of his life. 3

The eient, attended by a capacity audiebce at UW on Tuesday, was sponsored by the Federation of Students and the Latin American Student Association. -

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The con&uction of the-3000 mile highway meant that the vast in- terior regions of the Amazon became a businessman’s paradise and a source o$ wealth for multinational corporations.

Brazilian officials settled inevitable conflicts between whites and Indians by relocating the indigen- _ ous groups while -promoting the economic ifiterests of the multina- tionals and a small minority of allied Brazilians.

The growing marginalization of the Brazilian people made necessary the creation of the National Indian Foundation to muffle and _ control any social conflicts resulting from this “anti-nationalist and anti-popular” economic policy.

News items published in leading magazines and newspapers reveal- ing the cost to Jndians of the trans-Aniazonic highway were cited.

The Times of London in 1970 reported that Indian villages were dynamited frsrn the air while the survivors were machine-gunned on a reservation coveted by whites for diamond extraction. The aircraft used had been chartered by a land speculation company.

In another instance, according td Newsweek, 1’972, a tribe was evicted by a company, which had bought theif 100,000 acres of settled land, and was relocated to a marshy -area where few are expected to live.

A letter signed by 125 Indian inhabitants of an island in 1973, requested urgent intervention as they were dying from serious tuber- culosis and neglect.

In the capital city of Salvadore, men are addicted to alcohol, women become domestic servants and many children die before th&W bitthday.

It was reported in a Sao Paul0 newspaper that some Indian women are so traumatized by fre- quent moving that they abort their babies who are a hindrance to them.

In ,the Indian Protection Law there are 68 articles in which the government. reserves the right to move onto Indian property whenever it is “in the higher interests of the country” to use the land for development purposes.

Far corn being a staunch defen- der of Indian rights, the National Indian Foundation is a key institution in promoting development and . occupation of the Amazon.

The Brazilian government has failed to Qbserve two United Na- tions resolutions opposing the crime of genocide and setting specific limits oh government programs intended to integrate tribal-or ethnic minorities. Both these resolutions have been signed by Bra&.

The film ended with an urge appeal to international effort support of Brazilian Indian right

\ Speaking generally on the situ tion in Brazil, Herbert Sousa o served that “to understand tl situation of Indian people in Bra: is to understand the situation Brazilian people”.

Since the military coup in 1%4 new and clearer pattern of d velopment has emerged, the pr fessor said.

‘ ‘In Brazil today, the main actc of development are the big multin tional corporations, national cal tal associated with the multinatio als, and the state,” Sousa noted

Sousa said that these bodies ha control of the economy, the sock life and political system of Braz Most of the political power is he by members of the army’s staff wl choose the president, while tl congress has no power at all, 1 said.

An institutional act exists whit invests the pre,$dent with tl power to decide when a problem issue is a national security pro lem, Sousa added. “By definitio every problem in Brazilian li could be defined as a national se urity problem,” including stude disturbances, big industry, inve: ment and social demands.

Government controls wages as their increases, fixing the curre minimum wage for Brazil’s wor ing class at around $45 or $50 dc lars per month.

Income is concentrated in abo 15 to 20 per cent of the populatic while the economically underd veTotied-rural class lives in miser Sous& noted.

However, Brazilian peop realize that their’s is no democral regime and that they are exploitc by foreign capital and a minori group in Brazil, he said.

Because of their struggle, peop throughout the world are aware imprisonment and torture in th tiountry.

Sousa remarked on l’ecent ne\: from Brazil concerning the impri onment, tbrtufq and death .of jou nafist Vladimjr Herzog in S; Paul0 in connection with investi& tions into the banned Commun pqty. ”

In protest, the archbishc launched a 24 hour hunger strike which more than two million pel ple joined.

The hture of the entire Brazili; people depends on radical politic change which Sousa optimistical expects.

1 Meanwhile, people in Canac can put pressure on Brazil k means of communications sine owing to the presence of rimltin tional corporations, the goven men! i& sensitive to’world opinion he said. 1 ’

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friday, november 28, 1975 , the chevron 9

Fee hiL@ dropped _ - ,. Due to the protest of Urban and

Regional Planning students the school will not be; imposing a $60 a year tuition fee hike on third and second year studbnts.

It began a mo$h ago *hen She@ Kennedy, fou$h year planning rep on the f!aculty of environmental studies Gndergraduate affairs committee kuestioned a mentioned calend;Cr change in the committee’s N&ember 12 meeting. i

Upon further’enquiry she was informed the school’s new director, Harry Coblenzs, was imposing a $60 a year tuition fee hike without consulting ths: &dents. d

Meanwhilk she was told the school’s faculty meeting had ap- proved the fee hike a week earlier. The motion for a fee hike was moved by professor Len Gertler who has since told students he was “under the impression” there had been student input into fee hikes.

Coblenz was called into the undergraduate affairs committee meeting and questioned about the fee hike. Apparently he had k&t the proposal on “the hush hush” because even the planning under- grad officer, Dr. R. Donney had not heard about the fee hike.

He agreed to do this, although some say he agrked because the university does not want each department empowered to increase their fees. Instead the university would prefer a fee increase initiated by the administration.

The SACC also suggested that additional crosswalks should be installed near the Campus Centre and Ira J. Needles Hall because of the heavy volume of pedestrian traffic across the ring road at these points.

The fee hike proposal resulted

However, Coblenz did agree to discuss the matter in an informal get together of third year planning students already scheduled. At this

Immediately Brzustowski set about making some phone calls and the fee increase appears to-now be just a bad dream for planning stu-

McLellan adds that the existing crosswalks are inadequately lighted and this situation should be rectified in the “name of safety”. Matthews agrees and said that the crosswalk problem was being looked into immediately after the accident.

The advisory cotimittee of traffic and parking is presently reviewing the problem of traffic safety on campus, added Matthews. So far, however, nothing has been done.

-Iaura mclachlqn

Liaison committee dents. l aaaaaaaaa.aaaaa~aaa.a~

Several planning St&dents are l now organizing a memo protest to a remind Coblenz that he cannot a Urgent

_ a

to improve links , make “unilateral decisions and l the planning students must be in on l any decision-making. l

Mass Meeting

from a memo dated June 27, 1975 from UW vice-president in charge of finance, Bruce Gellatly, which questioned the school’s profesz sional liaison programme and its financing. The memo suggested alternative forms of financing might be needed for the programme if it was to continue.

The professiorial liaison programme provides liaison between planning school and the planning profession and locates jobs for second and third year students through the professional liaison officer Hugh Lemon. -

meeting Coblenz gave the impression the fee hike was a fact. Al- though, Coblenz did agree to spread the $60 a year fee hike over all four years making it just $30 a year.

Meanwhile, the planning students had not given up hope the fee increase could be squashed. Third year planning student Don Hussey and senate rep and architecture student Kathjr Reynolds visited UW vice-president academic Tom Brzustowski to ask him to stop the fee increase if it reached senate because students had not been consulted.

Pedestrian safety: a cause for wconcern

A student from St. Jerome’s was struck by a car on the ring road and hospitalized in an accident on Sept.1 1.

As a result, suggestions have be& made to university president Burt Matthews that the safety of the road on this pedestrian- oriented campus‘ should be investigated.

The Student Association of Church Colleges suggested that the speed limit should be enforced and president of the Environmental Studies, Society, David McLellan adds that “perhaps security should divert their attentions somewhat from their CBt and motorcycle towing activities, &to this more critical area.”

The problem is difficult in that security cannot charge non- university people with speeding as the police can on city streets, Matthews said. The towing activities of security do not detract from their ability to enforce the speed limit, he addtid.

Matthews does not believe that speed control bumps at crosswalks are a good idea, as was suggested by the SACC. They would cause damage to snowplows, he said. He hopes they will not be installed.

To improve communication be- be to eliminate the overlapping of A dittoed memo is being cirdu- Tues. Dec. 2, 12:OO Noon

tween U W and local high schools, a materials covered in the first year lated with the “From.” left blank l Modern Languages foyer -

liaison committee has been set up, university courses and Grade 13 for students to fill iA their own 0

said Doreen Thomas, chairwoman high school courses. name. The memo reviews the non- l Oppose Political Firings

of the Waterloo board of education, Thomas said the board has been involvement of students and asks

on Wednesday. promised the results of a test given the validity, need and use of the fee

l Fired-Hugh Miller act/74

The liaison committee’s prime to first year students at UW this be “adequately demonstrated to l --Jeffrey Forest act/74

purpose is to discuss the prepara- fall. The test was an achievement the students”.

The plarining students also ques- 0 Fired-Marlene Weber aug/75

tion of high school students for uni- one in the areas of English and () -Marsha Forest nov/75

yersity education, which according mathematics skills. tion whether Coblenz would be cir-

err e--r. ...e.:,.,w.“:c,. ,Fc:,:,l” La,-., T--Lb, ,.“C,Ll,l:“ l..-.,,C -F CL,:” n-m cumventing the provincial freeze of l _

‘ees by raising fees. Students and Faculty

lemo concludes by warning $ fight for your rig’hts! LU 3UlllC uIllvcl31Ly UlllLlLllb 1163 IllC c3Laull~lllllclll. Ul IA113 ~ulll-

been less than adequate, especially mittee “is dear to my heart, and I tuition f

in the areas of English and feel quite good about it,” Thomas The n

mathematics, Thomas said. said. against Coblenz’s actions being - “an incredible precedent for resol- 4

This criticism prompted a The liaiso&ommittee couldcalso number of meetings between offi- help establish alignment of high

ving budget problems within the

cials of both levels of education to schools with post-secondary in- university and asks the issue be

discuss the quality of graduates en- stitutions on the semester system. discussed in an open forum for all students and faculty.”

tering university . Some high school students take only two subjects in their last semester and could perhaps take a university course at the same time, Thomas said.

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The first meeting of the committee was held on Tuesday and its membership is comprised of UW Faculty deans and secondary school department heads, Thomas said.

The committee will meet four times a year. In between, university officials will sit on school board meetings dealing with particular subject areas.

One of the committee aims will committee saying that better communication is needed between ter-

She said UW president Burt Matthews was receptive to this idea when it was presented to a recent board of .education trustees _1 conference in London, Ontario, where he was guest speaker.

At that conference Matthews first suggested the idea of a liaison

cont’d from page 1 that for the last five years “figures tiary and secondary education in show that Waterloo faculty salary the areas of programs and require- increases have not kept pace with ments. the Consumer Price Index, result- -john mods

-michael gordon

per cent. ’ ’ If a comparison is made with the

salaries of local secondary school teachers, Conestoga College faculty, Ontario engineers, national private-sector employees and federal public service employees, UW professors would require increases ranging between 14 per cent and 30 per cent “to restore the relative position of five years ago”, the press release says. _.

Presently, minimum salary levels for assistant professors, associate professors and professors are $14,500 $18,900 and $24,700.

The minimum qualifications for an assistant professor normally include .nine to eleven years of university education, the press release says.

“It was the feeling of Faculty Association members that, as responsible people who recognize the current economic plight of the country at large and the universities in particular, they must<exer- ‘cise restraint.”

-john mods

. erratum In the story “What’s the role of council?” on page three of last weeks chevron, the reporter stated that “Sautner then presented a report on the federation’s budget . . .” This should have read “. . .a report on the,, federation’s audit . . . ” The reporter has been re- primanded for his laxness and his washroom privileges have been suspended for the duration of the term.

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ov. 28 - SOLQ OUT !%;I, Nov. 29 - SOLD OUT .Sun., Nov. 30th - SOLD OUT Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students

MON. DEC. 1 - 12100 noon Conrad Grebel College Choir performing Choral music of Brahms, Schutz, Hassles Christmas Music Bach motet: Der Geist Hilft conductor: William Janzen Jr. Theatre of the Arts Free Admission Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students

FRI. DEC. 5 - 8pm AN EVENING OF ROtiERT AND CLARA SCHUMANN with Barry MacGregor-Narrator and Kathryn Root-Pianist A full evening’s entertainment in which musicand word trans- port the audience back into the life of the Schumanns. Theatre of the Arts Admission $5.00 students & senior citizens $2.50 Box Office ext. 2126

Kati,e Curtin on China “The full emancipation of

women in China will come only with the end of all authoritarian, hierarchal regimes ‘that depend for ’ their existence on relations of mas- tery and subordination,” states Katie Curtin in her book Women in China. f

Curtin spoke on her book to an audience divided into two an- tagonistic political camps on Wed- nesday evening November 19.

The Kitchener - Waterloo Canada - China Friendship Society &WCCFS) distributed material before the meeting with the slogan, “Denounce Katie Curtin’s Anti- China Line ! Support the People’s Republic of China!”

Curtin explored two points of view in her discussion and divided her speech between them. The first view: “China has little to offer us because women in China are still not emancipated.” The second view: “China is doing everything it can to liberate women and should be emulated.”

This second view had strong rep- resentation in the audience while Curtin aligned, with some reserva- tions, to the first view.

Discussing the first view Curtin said “The achievements made thus far (in the liberation of Chinese women) must be defended and safeguarded.” In reply to the second view she continued, “the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) will not and cannot carry them (the achievements of the liberation) forward. ’ ’ ’

Curtin’s solution: “The road to liberation lies in the independent mobilization of the Chinese masses, who through a political revolu-

- tion will sweep away and destroy the ruling bureaucracy.”

Curtin based her view, that there is “a deeply rooted sexual inequal-

ity in China today,” on these assertions that she quoted from her book. -“The new line adopted in 1953 (by the CCP) was that women’s liberation was completed and no longer required independent struggles by women.” -“Women often receive fewer work points than men especially in the rural areas.” - “The CCP’s conscious policy has often been an undisguised sympathy of the regime for the bourgeois family. ” --“Lack of adequate daycare and communal facilities continues to be a major barrier to the equal participation of women in the labour force.” -“Organized opposition to di- vorce remains and hits women more severely then man.” -‘ ‘The proportion of women in the People’s Liberation Army is lower than lo%.” -“Women constitute only 17% of workers in industry.” -“Women were less than eight per cent of the membership of the Ninth Central Committee elected in 1969.”

Curtin placed a sirong emphasis on the sexual repression of women in China and was ridiculed by members of the audience. A member of the audience requested that the subject be changed from orgasms to politics. .

If Curtin’s assertions are true they constitute very serious charges against the CCP. How- ever, many in the audience declared that not only did they consider Curtin’s statements blatantly false they also considered them

_ malicious. A major criticism of Curtin’s as-

sertions was that she never clearly stated her political line which is 1

-

Trotskist. Curtin was accused by a member of the audience “for using women’s liberation as a front for what is essentially a Trotskist at- . tack on the Maoist government in China.”

Members of the audience took issue with Curtin on all of her statements.

A fundamental point was raised when a member of. the audience asked, “Did Curtin know that Liu Shao-chi’s and Lin Piao’s line had been smashed?” Cur-tin’s line was identified with Liy, Shao-chi’s and Lin Piao’s by several members of the audience. Curtin did not com- merit.

The reliability of Curtin’s sources was severely questioned by the audience. Curtin has never been to China and accumulated her data from books she described as “generally sympathetic to the Ma- oist revolution.” Curtin felt her sources were objective: the audience did not.

Members of the audience state; that Curtin’s views were opposite to the ones held by the women in China, themselves. “Women in China,” it was said, ‘:‘a.re leading in the emancipation of women all over

the world.” Several pro-China groups rep-

resented at the meeting were the KWCCFS, the Anti-Imperialist Al- liance (AIA), the Progressive Cul- tural Club, a Human Relations class, and the International Stu- dents Association. These groups formally denounced Curtin and her book for its “anti-China line.”

The argument was heated and at times extremely abusive.

Many-people in the audience objected to Curtin’s application of the term “bureaucratic regime” to the CCP and quoted sources citing the success of the Cultural Revolution in eliminating privileged institutions in the CCP.

The KWCCFS allied Curtin to the two major exponents of anti- China propaganda, the Soviet Union and the United States.

Heckling and constant. abusive interjections were employed as political strategy by many members of the audience which made it difficult for Curtin to answer questions.

The talk ended with several people shouting “Go home” and “we want our money back. ” The hostil- ity manifested by a large portion of the. audience detracted from serious and constructive discussion.

-judy jansen

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friday, november 28, 1975 the chevron 11

Liberation struggles in southern Africa

Rodney urges support of MPLA. in Angola Individuals supporting the inde-

pendence of the Angolan people from the grasp of neo-colonialism must support the current effort being waged by MPLA against the two other nationalist movements, whose joint victory would ensure the sell-out of Angola’s resources and people to Western interests.

such as Uganda or Malawi.

This was the assertion of the well-known Guyanese historian Walter Rodney commenting on the current civil strife in Angola in a talk given in the Theatre of the Arts last Monday.

Rodney often referred to the current war in Angola as a continua- tion of this type of struggle where presently MPLA (Popular Move- ment for the Liberation of Angola) is locked in a bitter civil war with FNLA (National Front for the Lib- eration of Angola) and UNITA (Union for Total Independence of Angola).

Rodney’s lecture dealt with the liberation struggles which have been waged in various parts of southern Africa over the past de- cade. Specifically, these struggles have been fought in Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Angola against Portuguese colonialism and in Zimbabwe against the Rhodesian

1 Front regime of Ian Smith.

He continually emphasized that

,Both FNLA and UNITA, Rod- ney said, were relatively inactive duringthe greater part of the fight against the Portuguese and have only recently really entered the fray, set on filling the power vacuum left by the Portuguese with- drawal. Both groups, he went on to say, are heavily supplied with arms and with black and white mer- cenaries by South Africa, Zaire and the United States.

such long term resistance involved a mass mobilization and mass politicization far beyond that which occurred in the other independent African countries during the period of de-colonization in the last de- cade.

Those political groups which would give support to either FNLA or UNITA who have now formed an alliance, he felt, might as well give their support directly to the directors of Gulf Oil.

“The struggle being fought there now does not arise out of so-called tribalism” Rodney stated, “but emanates from the manoeuvres of U.S. imperialism.”

As a result economic and politi- “For years it was well-known”, cal formations likely to emerge in he stressed, “that the FNLA led by these ‘liberated’ countries will be Holden Roberto merely resided in far more democratic and progres- what is now called Zaire. That their sive than those found in neo- active participation in the resis- colonial states such as Zambia or tance against Portuguese col- Kenya or in openly fascist states onialism was indeed negligible.

Energy outbacks cause inconvenience

Cutbacks made as part of UW’s energy conservation program are already causing inconveniences.

Saving from present economies is estimated to be about 10 per cent of current expenditures.

The “Working Group on Energy” met Tuesday and heard a report on energy conservation at UW. Significant savings have occurred in the use of fuel, electricity and in a related area in the use of water. The value of these savings was estimated at $177,000.

In order to achieve this saving, various amenities and services have been reduced. One area evident to all is that lighting levels have been reduced throughout the university.

In a related matter, since 1971 the area of floor space at UW has doubled while the staff available to service heating, lighting and air conditioning has remained the same. This has caused slower service and heavier workloads.

It was suggested that in the future some buildings may be closed during summer months. The committee’s report was accepted and will be forwarded to vice- president academic, Tom Brzus- towski.

In other business, the committee

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agreed to prepare a report for the “Porter Commission” on energy production from waste. The report on UW’s energy conservation program will also be sent to the commission.

The “Porter Commission” is one of Ontario’s many royal com- missions; this one is looking into electric power planning.

-john Stafford

And that both directly through its relationship with Zaire and indirectly through its relationship to Roberto as leader, the FNLA has become a fledgling of the U.S. and of their interests in that part of the world.”

The nature of UNITA, Rodney remarked, was for a long time not as clear and African radicals were willing to give UNITA the benefit of the doubt. However, its current alliance with FNLA as well as its recent recruitment of white mer- cenaries from South Africa clearly shows that its vision of an independent Angola is akin to that type of neo-colonial state found in almost all African states save Mozambi- que and Guinea-Bissau.

Rodney’s remarks ran counter to the strong campaign presently being waged in most of the Western press against MPLA.

MPLA is not favoured by West- ern governments or by the media due to its determination to con- struct an economy free of the control of capitalist companies based in New York, London or Paris and because of its intention to form political structures based on local assemblies wherein people would have input into decisions which would effect their daily lives.

Such goals, Rodney said, are found wanting in most African countries and in most of the Third World. Moreover, such aims if ac- complished would curb Gulf Oil’s investments in the oil-rich Cabinda region and, more importantly, according to Rodney, threaten in the long term the substantial interest of the West in the’ maintenance of a racist and capitalist South Africa.

Russian presence The Guyanese historian also

dealt with the pertinent issue of the Russian presence in Angola and of the dangers implicit in heavy Soviet support to the MPLA regime. Rod- ney admitted that in such a struggle the usurption of real power by a more powerful support group was a his torical possibility.

Referring continually to the creative approach used by MPLA in its politicization of the peasantry in the regions it controlled, Rodney however, emphasized that the con-

Crete conditions amenable to such a rilla war against Portuguese col- transfer of power do not at this time onialism in Mozambique. exist Following independence last

“I’m not naive enough to believe summer, the first official state visit that there are no dangers but I be- made by the new Mozambican lieve those dangers to be important head of state was to Peking. Aware only to the extent that a people’s of the Russo-Sino split, president struggle makes them. To the extent Machel affirmed to the Chinese- that a people’s, struggle has ma- leadership his nation’s indepen- tured then those-dangers become less dence from any other major power. and less. At any rate Rodney pointed out

If we have no struggle then of that a revolutionary group should course we will be there to be the always deal with the immediate plaything of any foreign power”. contradiction, with the immediate

Citing the example of the Viet- enemy. And in the current Angolan namese people who in their resis- context, the immediate enemy, he tance against the American inva- , asserted, was the West’s attempt to sion used Russian surface to air set up a neo-colonial ‘comprador’ missiles to deal with the American state under the aegis of either B-52’s, Rodney questioned FNLA or, UNITA. whether the Vietnamese people He added: “And it seems to me were any less confident of their independence than if they had re-

unlikely that the person who is dmwn-

frained from using Russian arms. ing will say that he will pass up the

Utilizing a more relevant exam- choice of getting out of the water for

ple Rodney noted that FRELIMO fear that he will be run over by a car

received much material support when he gets up and therefore will allow himself to drown.”

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friday, november 28, 1975 > 1 the chevron 13

’ This is the second and final inSt~/lment of a feature on .. Syncrude examining the manner_i_n which the oil companies

contrived to draw the federal and provincial gdvernments into their venture to guarantee their profits. It is by University of Alberta political economist Larry Pratt, and is adopted . from Canadian Forum magazine. ’

Ottawa’s moves made the Winnipeg summit meeting of . February 3 largely anticlimactic.. - The search for new partners for Syncrude brought the

that?” asked one cabinet minister. The negotiations were %nse and tough, but they were not sacrastic.”

One can only hope that it was so. Of course, it is con- ceivable that had some of the tough talk, rudeness, black looks and posturing been aimed in the direction of the three foreign oil companies, the people of Canada might have derived some tangible benefit over and above the dubious psychic gratification of watching their politicians play the fool while selling out the country’s resources.

province of Ontario, concerned about future oil supplies - .- . and manufacturing contracts linked to, the tar sands PI&

“G&Memen’s agreement” \

ject, and Shell Ca%ada to Winnipeg along with Impe&l, . Under the terms of the “gentlemen’s agreement” Gulf,‘Cities Service and delegations from Ottawa and Ed- negotiated in Winnipeg, Syncrude became the offspring of monton. three Canadian governments and three US-controlled oil

Shell had professed interest in joining the project, but in companies. Winnipeg, according to one account, “Shell’s terms were The new equity shares and capital commitments broke so high that even the other three oil company executives down as follows: -Imperial Oil increased its percentage were surprised.” Perhaps. It is well to recall that Shell had - holding by 1.25 percent to 3 1.25 percerif(but increased its its own big project pending, that it too was looking for dollar commitments to $625 million; Gulf increased its government participation, and that its terms would be equity share by 6.75 percent to 16.75 percent and its dollar v@lly influenced by the outcome in Winnipeg. commitment-by $235 million.

The company was certainly not there to east the pressure on the politicians; more likely it was there to present a 222

Cities Service decreased its percentage by &percent to . percent and increased its dollar commitment by $140

common front with the other large companies. Having ’ million. Ottawa agreed to come in for 15 percent, or $300 failed to impress the governments with his demands million on a projected estimate of $2 billion; Alberta took 10 (which reportedly included a floor price and additional percent oftherisk capital, or $200 million; and Ontario took relief from Alberta) Shell Canada chief C.W. Daniel took 5 percent, or $100 million. his leave. The three companies have 70 percent ownership, and,

Discussions, then turned to the issue of government interestingly, Imperial Oil has just enough equity to out- equity participation in Syncrude and how the total should vote the three governments combined. be divided among Ottawa, Alberta and Ontario.

The old feuds quickly surfaced again among the politi- ’ In addition to these new participation arrangements Al-

berta agreed to loan Gulf and Cities Service $100 million cians : Peter Lougheed was determined that the minimum each in the form of debentures which are convertible to for entry must be five percent of equity; Ontario Premier equity, and to pick up the entire cost of Syncrude’s utility William Davis wanted to make a smaller offer. According plant (estimated at $300 million) and pipeline ($100 mill- ’ to one account, - ion).

Mr. Lougheed apparently walked in with both . But the province is also facing huge infrastructure costs

guns blazing andlaid about with a rudeness that for highways, schools, bridges, services, etc., associated

startled many at the table. At one point, when On- with Synciude-estimated at $300 million in early 1975.

tarig was talking about investing $50 million in the, In return for these committmentS, the Alberta government

oil sands project, Mr. Lougheed remarked sarcas ti- left the Winnipeg meeting with 10 percent, cantrol and the ’

tally that Mr. Davis should have saved himself the potential of 3.6 percent control (if it converts deben-

plane fare out, then suggested he take h{s assistants tures and the Alberta Energy Company exercises its 20

(actually, two cabinet ministers) to another room to percent option in the’ plant-worth $400 million.)

come up with something serious . . . But this does nottell the full story. The three companies ,

Also not helping things at the Winnipeg meet&g ’ also managed to arrange a tax regime for Syncrude which,

was Mr. Lougheed’s aggressive attempt to get in effect, means that they will end up paying for far less

commitments that Sarnia’s petrochemical industry than 70 percent of the project.

would be discouraged from further expansion. He Because Syncrude is a joint venture and not a separate

wanted the commitments as part of the Syncrude company, under federal tax rules the companies can write .

package. He got black looks from Ontario and no- off their full investment ($1.4 billion) in the project from

thing from federal Energy Minister Donald Mac- their taxable income of presently producing oil wells.

donald. These write-offs should be worth just over $500 million to

Alberta’s delegates later denied this version of the dis- the corporations.

Second; the companies will be able to claim “earned pute with Ontario. “Can you imagine our premier saying depletion” allowances at the rate of. $1~ for. every $3, in: ~ . .

vested in S yncrude-worth another $170 million .,-The project also draws tax advantages by being classified a “mine” rather than an ‘<oil well“.

Once it begins producing oil, any payments made to Alberta through revenue sharing or royalties will be deduc- tible from federal taxable income because of Turner’s special exemption.

Moreover,-one-third of the income from the project will escape taxes completely since the governments will be participating via crown agencies not subject to corporate ‘income tax, and this too could end up saving the private partners in the consortium substantial sums of money. f

All this is over and above the concessions won by-the . companies from Alberta in J973 in devising the profit- sharing formula. All of which bears out the adage, “agood tax accountant is worth a hundred salesmen.” -And a friendly minister of finance is worth a great deal more. - From the taxpayer’s perspective, then, the celebrations that followed the conclusion of the Winnipeg talks were perhaps a trifle premature.

Under the complex arrangements agreed to by the politicians, the public is committed to the tune of some 75 percent of the capital costs through equity, loans and , foregone taxes, and the people of Alberta must bear the full burden of the related infrastructure charges.

In return for, these very expensive commitments the public has 30 percent-ownership, a dubious profit-sharing formula which gives the companies a strong incentive to runthe project without a profit, and little or nofederaltaxes.

It is a very highpl;ice to pay to keep open the oil sands option: complete public ownership of Syncrude would probably cost far less, since all returns from the project would at least be captured by the public sector.

Concealing the costs . How much return the taxpayer will recoup under the

existing arrangement depends on many variables, including future oil prices, additional cost escalations, the ability of the government representatives on.Syncrude’s committee’s to ride herd on the three private partners and Bechtel, how muchpurchasing of equipment and services is done through in-house transfers within, the oil companies, the extent of Canadian involvementin contracting for equipment and services, whether the governments ob- tain rights to license technology evolving out of the project, how the governments dispose of their 30 percent of the synthetic crude, and so on. . -

On the strength of past performance it is difficult to be optimistic and it is unlikely that we will ever know the full costs we are bearing because the governments will have an obviousvested interests in concealing the compromises they will be forced to make. g Already, the politicians progress reports 0; Syncrude

are being written with a fog-index dense enough to conceal - unpleasant facts and confound skeptics.

*4 the khevron ,

. k

- :

, / friday, novem

Selling out continued from page 13

Oil sutp!us ’

Theoil cartel is in the early stages of a break- down. Crude,petroleum prices are being low- ered, both ‘directly and indirectly, by* individual producing countries seeking to in-/ crease their exports. In the next several months, the demand for, OPEC produced pet- \ roleum will decline sharply. The cartel willfall apart when its members prove unable to share the. necessary production costs. Y X j

source of the power which lies behind the successful Against this extreme viewpoint -it can be argued political manoeuvres and pressure tactics of Canada’s oil lobby is not to be found in Canada

that the current surplus is more aconsequence of

itself; this power is foreign. world, recession and reduced demand than of increased alternate supplies, and that OPEC can and

In the last analysis the politics of Syncrude are the will stabilize and even increase oil prices by sharing politics of imperialism. What can we do about it?

Setting a precedent -\ additional production cuts.

The implications, however, ,extend well beyond the tar sands. That the world is not facing imminent short term oil shortages, nor did it in 1973, is now generally understood. ’

Unfortunately, ‘Canada has no legislative equiva,l- ent of America’s new ‘ ‘Freedom of Information Act” which would allow interested citizens access to vital information. What information we are given will be carefully packaged, designed to sell the pro-

ject, to consumers, voters and paxpayers who are footing the bill.

Canada’s paternalistic political traditions and our poorly developed sense of citizen involvement in national and provincial politics should ensure Syn- crude a future far less troubled by close public scrutiny that its past record justifies. . r /

- Politics of imperialism-

Professor Ode11 remarks in. his authoritative Oil and World Power that, ‘ ‘the medium-to long-term outlook for the buildup of significant oil-production . potential; not only in-areas which are large oil users, but also in areas which could become important new oil exporters, is probably brighter now than they D have been at any time in the whole post-1945 period of dependence on the energy-using world on the oil reserves of the Middle Eastern and one or two other countries. ” I

These potentials, Ode11 adds, “undermine thevalid- ity of the spectre of a physical shortage of oil in relation to the world’s increased needs in the last fifteen years or so of the present century.” ’

The Economist, which unfashionably predicted in

Beyond the specific meaning of the Syncrude sell-out, there lies the larger and more fundamental question of what it implies,about the nature of power and democracy in Canada. -,

In his study of “the private government of oil”, in the United States (The Politics of Oil), Robert En- gler remarks on “the incompatibility of a socially irresponsible system of power with the goal of a truly democratic society. A.corrosion of democratic prin- ciples and practices pervades whenever the interests of private oil and public policy meet.”

early 1974, that the world was moving into a large physical. surplus, noted in March 1975 that “oil was heading for its biggest instant glut.” OPEC has been shutting-in some 12 million barrels a (day recently, about one-third-of its productive capacity, a&l there have been predictions that this shut-in capacity would rise to 15 or 16 million barrels a day b,efore the end of 1975.

But the impact of this socially irresponsible system of power is not limited to the United States; this private government of oil has power all over the world.

Producing countries such as Lybia and Abu Dhabi have’already experienced severe problems in selling their oil, and the surplus has manifestly strengthened the bargaining hand of the “seven sis- ters” of world petroleum.

One US energy economist went s0fara.s to argue in the Wall Street Journal on March 20, 1975, that:

’ The organized influence of international oil in Canadian society, as seen through the Syncrude episodes, extends to the highest levels of our political life. _-

The American corporation h-as indeed become a central cog in the national politics of Canada. Thus if private oilis corrupting democracy in the United States, in Canada it is also corrupting the possibilty of national sovereignty and independence. For the

Cartels are. not permanent, stable entities, but

In spite of the Syncruderescue operation, the future of the Alberta tar sands remains a major question mark.

Rapid intensive exploitation ofthe giant resource is far more .problematic than it appeared during the

-first anxious days of the energy crisis. And it now

OPECsliould be understood as more than a simple producer’s cartel motivated merely by economic in-. tefests. It is’more like a trade union than a cartel, in that shared ideological, psychological and political - variables play a major role in its collective decisions, and these may prove to be more durable than economic considerations.

seems certain that any further dvelopment by the X international oil companies will have to be heavily

Attempts by the western consuming nations to

subsidized and underwritten by the-Canadian and _ undermine OPEC are consequently more,than likely

Albertan governments-unless they are prepared to to increase its solidarity. Moreover, the intema-

break the veto power of the lease-holders and de- tional oil industry is’ most unlikely to assist any

velop Canada’s future energy resources themselves. movement toward the destruction’ of the present

Neither of these courses of action is likely to be artificial price structure, and there are also impor-

inexpensive or without significant economic and tant consuming countries that want prices kept high

political risk, but it is vital that the option of public so as to encourage develop-ment of their own high-

ownership of key energy resources at least be seri- cost energy resources.

,

ously debated by Canadians. Nevertheless, the surplus is likely to grow for

some time to come, and this is bound to create some If this alternative is not kept ,alive, we may well

find that Syncrude has become the prototype for strains within OPEC and make it difficult, though

future energy resource development in Canada. How certainly not impossible, for the producers’ organization to stabilize the world oil market, for any pre-

muchis self-sufficiency inenergy worthtoCanadians? dictable time-frame. An obvious precedent was established inthe

1973-75 bargaining over Syncrude’s terms, a prece- <

dent that every major resource developer in the country can now use as its base or starting point.

Within days of the Winnipeg deal, all other pros- . 1 pective tar sands projects were tied to the Syncrude model of government participation, guaranteed prices, tax concessions and exemptions and trimmed front-end costs.

\

Shell, for instance, announced that it was seeking ’ government. investment (as of this writing, Shell Canada is still looking for partners to take up 50 h’ . percent of the consortium’s risk capital) and some _ new breaks: “For one thing,‘.’ C.W. Daniel, Shell Canada president, noted in April 1975, “we would \- hope for some kind of built-in protection against the possibility of dropping world oil prices, such 9 being offered North Sea operators, and are being recommended for U.S. oil shale developers.‘?

Shell’s mining project is estimated at $2.4 billion, but we can be virtually certain that this figure will rise appreciably as its negotiations progress with $ Alberta and Ottawa. Home Oil was also fast-off the E- mark to inform both levels of government that its

Z I

project would remain on the shelf unless it too ob- tained “treatment at-least as favourable as that given c Syncrude.”

Canada’s own future energy choice&ncluding its

There is nothing particularly surprising in such re- policy toward the Athabaska tar San&are very

_ quests; any oil company would be missing an obvious

much bound up with these unpredictable and unsta:,

bet if it failed to point to Syncrude as a precedent. ble world conditions. ’

The nation’s shortfaIls ‘of domestically-produced Sun Oil, owner of Great Canadian Oil Sands, has

asked for kxemptions from both export controls and crude oil and natural gas, and its locked-in export

, the export tax, and it can be expected that access to US refineries for Athabaska synthetic crude will play an important role in future bargaining as the oil companies try to roll back the National Energy Board’s oil export restriction policy. - I

ties to the United States, may panic Ottawa into pursuing an energy stategy that could leave Cana- dians paying for high-cost, heavily-subsidized reserves that are over-priced for tomorrow’s market.

Cognizant of this and the possibility’that world ‘prices may decline, the major oil companies will

insist that Canadian consumers and taxpayers underwrite much of the risk and cost of developing and protecting new energy resources.

The industry’s strategy is to shift risks to the public sector while forcing today’s consumer to pay for tomorrow’s oil, and by mid-1975 there was every indic,ation that the strategy was working.

The federal authorities have not only bailed out Syncrude, they have indicated a willingness to raise oil and gas prices substantially_, offer low royalties and taxes in the north, guarantee returns, provide expensive publicly-financed intiastructure and so forth. .e

This will apply not only to the tar sands, but to the development of frontier oil and gas reserves, the financing of pipelines., research and development programs for new processes and technologies and in covering large social and environmental effects of the policy. . 1

In suchcircumstances, Petrocan, the national petroleum company, could conceivably be turned into nothing more than another secretarial and capital p 1 of the multinational oil industry.

% at price is self-sufficiency in energy worth paying? Is it worth twenty Syncrudes? The costs of building new energy capacity in Canada have been estimated by federal officials at well over $100 billion.

Should Ottawa adopt a Syncrude prototype policy in a bid to regain the nation’s position of net energy self-sufficiency, the public will be carrying much of /

,this cost-as well as the opportunity cost of what ,must be foregone or sacrificed in terms of other pressing social and economic needs-with little guarantee that the real owners of the resources will recoup anything approaching their true value.

Further, a policy of providing incentives to the large international energy companies in the hope that they willincrease supplies is sure to add to the country’s long-run foreign ownership burden which is already intolerably high.

. Dollars for resources Will such a policy avert a confrontation with the

United States over Canadian energy exports? Ottawa appears to be exceedingly worried about

its energy relations with the US and it has every reason to be. Our past decisions are now weighing

_ heavily on our present choices, our freedom to manoeuvre is sharply constrained by the continental energy arrangements already in place.

The US appears to be adopting a “dollars for resources” position that, in effect, implies the threat to withholdcapital, technology and expertise unless Canada agrees to continue supplying energy across the forty-ninth parallel-even if this means growing shortages for Canadians.

The refusal of the US Export-Import Bank to underwrite loans for Syncrude may well have been intended to flash this message to Ottawa, protesta- tions to the contrary notwithstanding.

In view of the rising demands in Canada for ) domestic energy and the virtual impossibility ‘of rapidly developing reserves surplus to national re- -quirkments, it is hard to see how a confrontation with the US over future oil and gas exports can be avoided without inflicting serious hardship on Canadian consumers.

Certainly, Canada is going to be hard-pressed to - attain its declared objective of national self- sufficiency in energy while increasing its, dependence on a wealthy, powyrful American industry that historically has been vutually inseparable from US diplomatic and security policy.

Canadians too must begin to understand that the security and strategic aspects of energy resources are likely to become increasingly critical in the years a’ ahead. Issues that once could be left in the hands of businessmen and government’ economists, now im- pinge directly on the bra-ader question of Canada’s sovereignty and security.

If war is too important a business to’ be left to generals, energy is too important a business to be left’ $41 oil men.

(%+&-should now begin to move toward a much more activist energy policy that has the dual objective of (a) improving our domestic supply and demand equation, while (b) ,at the sametime reducing our excessive dependence on the US and its oil industry.

Ottawa’s current policies stress the creation of new supplies(next to nothing has been done to cut demand), but they also stimulate, indeed underwrite, the rapid growth of foryign ownership and

control of the nation’s ur Such an approach is sl

contradictory; since neitl the international oil indu ing Canada attain a posi and independence. At b choices and compound 1 with our present energy

The problems are not s are few ready made pana evidence ,’ for example, Canadian public is ready as the wholsale nationali

This sort of measure u major confrontation wit1 full-blown economic ant Canadians have not bee surely ensue.

The likely result of su plemented, would be a 1 order and a sharp reverse idea of Canadian indepe

The day may come wh seem both necessary and of Canadians. But that d what is to be done?

Reconsiderir $3 an alternative to t

board atpropriation on OI of present policies on the ( move on several’fionts tc tives of improving eneq national sovereignty.

At home, the veto PC companies over future er ended, and the state mu ownership of selected r-t should shift away from e icy emphasizing indepen proaches.

, Althygh nationalizati 1s plainly not a realistic pc must nevertheless recon! ownership of key resour

Ottawa should view thl from the perspective of ideology. As has been de Syncrude, the political ef ownership option is to t

1

/’ I ,

the chevron 15 resources. inherently

mment nor :rest in see- self-reliance tpone hard < that goes

‘, and there iere is little gwa or the rtions sue h 1 industry. ing about a &es, and a

for which uld almost

aturely im- : of the first support the

c remedies :e numbers row. Then

ms across-the-

ontinuation uld begin to two objec- enhancing

iltinational :nt must be sively into d, Canada m to a pol- ilateral ap-

bil industry lw, Ottawa L on public i. ownership ler, not of ie study of the public own bar-

gaining position and to give added leverage to the multinational companies that are presently sitting on our resources and looking for the best available terms.

Canada must be willing to consider the public option, if only to improve its negotiating stance in bargaining with transnational firms and to avoid situations in which it finds itself being played off against other governments.

But it is obvious that such a policy can only succeed if a government is prepared, in the final analysis, to establish its reputation for consistency and toughness by moving swiftly and aggressively into public ownership of certain key resources or individual projects when the industry begins its familiar pressure tactics of witholding capital and threatening scarcity.

Such tactics should be treated-as a threat to Canada’s overall security and countered with a demonstration of resolve and strength.

Ottawa should choose its own battleground -it might decide to take over a single large project, or it could move to bring one of the major oil companies, preferable Imperial Oil, under public ownership -and it would have to be prepared to see the matter through.

What is essential is that the government of Canada signal through some dramatic m6ve that it has the resolve and the public support to break the veto power of foreign companies over Canadian resources.

Provided-and it is no small proviso-that the extraordinarily difficult jurisdictional disputes with Alberta could be sorted out, the tar sands might be a useful place for Ottawa to begin this policy of limited public ownership.

Government involvement in the tar sands has a long _ and respectable tradition: without that involvement the truth is that Canada’s oil sands would not be in production today. But, in spite of the tradition, for all practical purposes, it is the large resource companies that enjoy exclusive concessionary privileges and control over this and most other Cana- dian resources.

“Effective entry ,” Eric Kierans noted in his report on Manitoba’s resource policies, “is confined to the very rich and the very large corporations who are unwilling, given alternative possibilities in other countries, to offer reasonable returns to the people whose resources they have enclosed.”

sands hold monopoly power, the power to over- 6 charge and to restrict supplies, and they are using this power to ensure that development either proceeds according to their terms or does not proceed at all.

Minority public participation in a venture such as Syncrude does not change this basic situation, but it certainly does enlarge the margin of public costs and risks.

The joint venture, or “partnership” approach, implies a rough equality of power and mutuality of interests between the multinational oil companies and our governments, but the power is not shared equally and their interests are not compatible in the long run.

“Participation” may therefore be the least acceptable approach to new energy resource development .

Defending Canadian interests

To cite some areas where bilateralism should give way to a mix of independence plus multilateralism, Canada should publicly dissociate its international energy policies from those of the US State Depart- ment and it should express its strong opposition to moves that are plainly intended to enhance Ameri- can interests at the expense of resource producers in the Third World.

It would be no impossible undertaking to develop the tar sands under a jointly owned federal-

Ottawa should not align itself with Washington in

provincial crown corporation, with ownership rights any diplomatic efforts to undermine and destroy

to the resource remaining in the hands of Albertans. OPEC or similar commodity associations. Such eff-

The advantages of doing this today at the outset of forts are likely to be counterproductive, will earn

the development process are obvious, as are the Canada the enmity of developing countries, and also

benefits that would flow from being able to plan for begin from the false premise that our interests

the ecological problems with the illogical leasing necessarily coincide with those of the United States and its corporations.

system ended. By default, the companies holding leases in the tar

.

The people of Alberta and the rest of Canada would be in a position to capture all the economic rents for little more-and possibly less-expense or risk than they are at present incurring. A large Cana- dian industry could be developed to build and service the plants; Canadian engineers and scientists could lead the way in developing the resource; and the country would be guaranteed a steady, growing supply of’high quality energy.

The costs of such a policy would be high in the initial yews admittedly, and there would still be some economic risk and environmental damage associated with tar sands development-public ownership is not a panacea-but this approach would reduce our children’s burden of foreign ownership and dependence and it would also mark a decisive political precedent.

And this, of course, is why the oil industry and its powerful political allies would fiercely resist the attempt to bring a resource such as the tar sands under total public ownership and control.

On the international level, Canada should begin to balance its bilateral energy contracts and relations with the United States by adopting a more independent stance on international energy issues and by utilizing, where available, multilateral approaches in energy deplomac y .

Official bilateralism must yield to a more activist defence of Canadian interests. This would be per- fectly consistent with Ottawa’s own “third option” in foreign policy, namely the gradual reduction of OUT vulnerability and dependence on the US through the diversification of our political, economic, cultural and military relationships.

In truth, Canadian interests may often lie with the producers instead of the consumers. Canada should, however, try to mediate between producers and consumers, acknowledging the aspirations of many developing nations for a new international economic order; but such a policy would require a clearcut break with the heavy-handed tactics that have often characterized US diplomacy on resource matters.

In the long run Canada’s interests may lie in at- tempting to take a positive part in fashioning a more equitable, and also more stable, world economic order; certainly they do not lie in a policy designed to help ’ recreate an American hegemony.

An old order is passing; Canadians should ack- nowledge that fact and try to play a progressive role in assisting the birth of its successor.

A multilateral approach, as opposed to our traditional bilateralism, could well be in Canada’s interest in certain other areas. Problems of Arctic sovereignty, northern resource development, offshore resource exploitation are obvious candi- dates for a multilateral approach in external policy.

Other writers have advocated a closer association with countries such as .Norway , Denmark and the Soviet Union in defending Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic from American encroachments. Canada has much to learn from-and perhaps something to teach-such countries, with whom she shares many common problems and interests in the north.

Canada should also have better links with other oil ’ producers-including Norway, the OPEC bloc, Mexico-that have bargained more effectively with the international industry. /

An exchange of information concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the various major companies, of world reserves, supply and demand esti- mates, future price trends, replacement costs and so on, would give Canada needed leverage in its negotiations with the oil industry and reduce the possibility of the companies returning to their old game of playing producers off against each other.

Canada would not have to join OPEC to gain the advantages of such a policy but she would certainly have to make some kind of break with American energy strategy in order to win the confidence of other producers.

Much more could be added along these lines. But it must be understood that there are real options in ~ energy open to Canadians between the extremes of Syncrude and wholesale nationalization.

An activist mix of domestic and international energy policies, emphasizing public ownership of selected resources and projects at home and independence and multilateralism abroad could, if aggressively and consistently implemented, take Canada a long way toward the resolution of her growing energy predicament.

Beyond this, it would also commence the necessary process of repatriating key areas of the Cana- dian economy and changing the conditions that gave rise to the politics of Syncrude. a

-

16 the chevron friday, , novem ber 28, :

I -Bask in the-

I - Sunrise .

I l!h oz. ArandasTequila juice of ‘/z lime

I 4 oz. orange juice % oz. grenadine

I ’ In order, pour into-a tall glass over ice. ~.

I I I Aiandas ,m I 1. I

n I

-- Tiequila. a. I *- The Mixable Mexicano. _ -

Save this recipe2nd watch for others. To get your Arandas-recipe booklet write: x : Arandas Recipes, P.O. Bbx D 3@, Montreal. I

’ ‘B-ball Warriors rammed

Winning streak ends at 3 Last Friday, the Warriors re- Western has their entire forward ing them in the tournament

turned to Wilfrid Laurier to defend ’ line returning from last year plus 2 weekend, fans say that the Ha their championship. They met transfer students; 6’3” Jim Hunter could be a contender. strong- opposition from Sheppard from Victoria and 6’1” Don Sims Chuck Chambliss is an exe State College of West Virginia in the ’ from Central Connecticut College._ player to watch. He will put the opening game. -

Last year in the NAIA Sheppard went 27-S in their conference and , gave the Warriors an object lesson

- in full court. pressure defence and powerful rebounding. The half time score found the Warriors down 46-32.

The second half wasn’t any better, as the Ram shooters began to find the range and powered Shep- pard-to a fmal score of 91-61. 6 Saturday night saw the Warriors

take on the Carleton Ravens and it would be an understatement to say that the Warriors played badly. Sloppy defence and poor shooting ‘by the Warriors allowed Carleton to take a 43-41 lead at half-time.

The Warriors seemed to find new life in the second half and came out playing more aggressive defence. Some fine inside shooting by Phil Schlote and strong board work by Steve Garrett and Doug Vance produced a 7 point lead with about 7 minutes remaining in the game.

To counter a strong inside attack Carleton turned to a zone defense and outscored the Warriors 15-5 in the final 5 minutes and managed an -83-78 win. -

They will be far better than the up -from 40 feet if you-leave team we saw last year. Their op- alone and has it all over Rod I position, Acadia, played in last (remember Rod Dean?) as a year’s CIAU and will once again man show. More importar return to Waterloo with a strong Mark Christianson at 6’5” lineup. Eugene Saunders and powerful centre and clutch S' Shawne Ricks are the veterans of- a ter. He jumps well and his 0' team which had enough strength to passes trigger a Laurier fast b play Boston University and make it which may best be described interesting. _ I semi-organized stampede. Tl

Game Two features Guelph, forey On the bFis Of a 4? Point Cinderella winners of the CIAU formance by Chambllss agE two years previously, and Win- Carleton and the play of Chris nipeg. Guelph, coming off a double son, Laurier vs York has good victory over Lakehead, appear to sibilities of becoming a firepc have a good team led by Canadian display, especially if there National team player Bob Sharpe,’ enough fans to make things g( 6’6” centre Henry Vandenburg and -The feature game at 9:00 6’3” Vita Bommarito. jeff and LakFhed Playing the Warriors John Smith are both at Guelph this the Only quesuons here is how ye-ar and should give Guelph plenty will the Warriors play. Coming of power on the backboards. With dismal performance last week Ambrose Cmpana leading them b hope to turn things around for ’ the backcourt, Guelph could be ‘home Opener. Far!s look forwal tough. - the return of Jamie Russell whc

WinmPeg could be the team to been with the National team fo

watch in the West and in the tour- past several we&s. Reports

nament. Pre-season action saw cate that he is, playing well

them beat Manitoba by 15 points in hopefully his return will inspire Warriors.

It was the Warrior’s first loss to a Canadian team since the semi- finals of the CIAU two years ago, and broke the Warriors unbeaten

I string of 31 games. Today, the Eighth Annual Nais-

mith’ Classic begins in the PAC. Games on Friday begin at I:00 and 3:00 p.m. for the afternoon session and 7:00 and 9:00 in the evening. The afternoon sessions will see Western and Acadia in Game One and Guelph vs Winnipeg in Game Two.

the Btandon tournament and 6’3” Lakehead made a coacl Paul Player can rebound with the best of them. Winnipeg played Mike-

change over the summer and 1

Moore and the Sir George Team of coach Arne Donovan has gon

last year on CBC and proved that an exclusively Canadian lir

they call indeed provide Strong OP-- which is a d&in&e change con

position for any team. teams of past years. Lakehead :

. The evening session will see

unknown factor this year but can never tell, sometimes str

Laurier and York square off at things happen. 7%). York is a quick, tough club, Tickets are $1 .5h for stud who are not tall, but can run with and $2.00 for-others and are ‘b the best. Ev Spence and Ted Galka sold in session lots. There are can run and gun, making good use sessions, 2 on friday and 2 of the 30 second clock. Saturday. Tickets are available il

Laurier, on the other hand, is far athletic office in the PAC or a stronger than last year. After see- door.

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44 King St. South Waterloo 576-773l

, november 28, 1975 the chevron 17

ng back Mike Diduck makes yards for the Calgary Dinosaurs in the :e Bow/ game played last Friday night in Toronto. photo by lomaga

3 following open letter to the UW athletic community was submit- ’ to the chevron by George Lomaga, who joined the Warriors this lr after being injured in a tryout w-ith the Toronto Argonauts.

U the University of Waterloo there are three major sports: basket- I, hockey and football. 3ne mentions the basketball team and images of national champion- ps and Naismith Classics come to mind. With our hockey team one also thinks of national championships 1 exciting wide open play. Aention the football team to a student on this campus he would ler yawn or laugh. The reason these emotions are evoked are :ause the basketball and hockey teams are winners; the football m, habitual losers. s it proper to place the blame fort he lack of success of the football m on one and only one man’s shoulders? The answer to that ?stion is an emphatic yes! Iver the last few years there has been a wealth of talent at Iterloo, this year being no exception. The problem is that a lot of time that talent was wasted, sitting on the bench or not dressed.

‘his is not 6 say that the people who did play were not talented, in certain positions wiser choices could have been made.

Ine has only to look at Wally Delahey’s record at this school (4 IS, 16 losses, 1 tie in the past three years) to see that this season s not an isolated case. Waterloo has never been a contender for a lmpionship in football. The only thing they have had to contend 7 is the apathy of the students, and the inadequacies of the coach. is a solution we suggest that t he head of physical education, Carl zke, should start looking for a new head coach with some back- und and experience in college or pro-football. Not like Wally

Neil Lumsden (No. 33) of Ottawa is dropped in the backfield. Ottawa went on to win, however, 74-g over Calgary. photo by george lomaga

xCollege Bowl

I 75 Ottawa

14 Calgary

9

W rugby team provided half-time entertainment by defeating Western 3- 7 in the battle of the giant ball. brge lomaga \

-bailers whip Windsor : Waterloo Athenas have with a full court man to man press, The forward, Karen Stuart and the hitting the basketball court half court press, 1,3,1 zone defense two other centers starting to feel regularly over the past two and 212 zone defence. more at home in the center spot are

and now have a league re- If 2-3.

ir latest encounter was last I night in Windsor, where the as defeated the Lancerettes core of 42-36. Windsor team has a number

N faces this year and they ost some of the strength of us years, nevertheless they :he game very challenging for henas by changing their de- = tactics several times during ne. The Athenas had to cope

As a result the Athenas did not run their offense very effectively, however they did recognize open- ings and capitalized fairly well. De- fensively, they played very well, doing the most effective job to date in that area.

The center position has been the one area where the Athenas have had to spend a great deal of time as no one had any experience in that area. Chris Timms did an excellent job in that spot in the McMaster game and will probably see action.

gradually becoming scoring threats. The second half of the season, should really see them at their full capabilities.

While many players are still getting their new environment sorted out, Janet Passmore and Ellen Boudreau have been doing an excellent job both offensively and de- fensively, providing the much needed stability in tough spots.

The Athenas have one more league game before Christmas on Dec. 2 at Western. They hope to first up this half with a 4-3 record.

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Intramural davoffs -- - -_ _-- - - _~- - I- - 1 ----

Withthe term drawing quickly to an teams will be matched against tramural team champion. end, most of the intramural programs Flyers and a second will meet Vl Final games, semi-final and q\ and participating teams, are presently West. Upon. the outcome of these final games will be played at h engaged in play off situations. games, the semi-finals will be Springer Arena.

Nlen’& Competitive played Tuesday night. Wednesday

Hockey night, December 3 at 1O:lO p.m. will be the final game. For any of Men’s Competitive

The Sunday nite playoffs in hockey you interested in witnessing some Basketball Playoff will determine the teams that have ad- iine hockey, please feel welcome to The Basketball plafoffs vanced to the semi-finals inB level. At attend. ’ - . - weekend have produced -& oft present, none of the Thursday games In A level, E .S .S. and Math have andB level semi-finalists as well 2

(UNIVERSITY CRTHOllC PRRISH 1 Actjon in a men’s intramural hockey game being played at the Queensmount arena. photo by grant macfarl

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have been played, however the game withV2 South matched against Math B should be veIy close as ,both teams have a very similar win/loss record.

Following that game, V 1 East will meet team Lakeshore. This again will be interesting as neither team has lost a game this term. At this time Friday matches are still very much in the air since 3 teams are still trying to gain position in the quarter finals. One of the three

to determine their standings. St. Jeromes and the Alufahons are patiently waiting as these are the two teams that they will meet in the quarter finals. Again, both these games promise to be exciting and enjoyable as some fine hockey will be displayed.

On Wednesday night at 11:30 p.m. the winners of the quarter finals will meet in the championship game to determine another in-

Notice To Students Registering In January 1976

In view of the current postal disruption, the following arrangements have been made for those students registering in programs beginning in January 1976.

Off-Campus Students For students currently off campus, schedules and fee statements will be available in the Physical Activities Complex (Red activity area) during the first week in January. Students can pick up their schedules and pay their fees (Blue activity area) at that time.

On-Campus Students For students who are currently on campus and will be staying on campus to complete an 8-month session, schedules and fee statements will be available at the Registrar’s Office beginning Friday, November 28, 1975. Students can pay their fees at the Financial Services Office located on the 2nd floor of Needles Hall.

New ID Card Arrangements Beginning with the registration in January 1976, returning students (both full and part time) will not be issued new ID cards. Individual validation stickers will be issued (a concept similar to the Ontario car license plate stickers) and are to be placed at the bottom of the present ID cards. New ID cards with a revised format will be issued only to newly admitted students.

The diagram is an example of the validation sticker and the accom- panying instructions.

~- - -_.---_-- - _-_ ; VALIDATION

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two C-level finalists. No major upsets were reco

in B-league action, although N Nibblers beat Helen’s Pop{ (46-29) and Pheasants lost to E Aces (39-30). Of the four tc from League B-2 which ent playoff action, three have real the semi-finals (V2 EE, E4 P North Nibblers), indicating this Division was easily strongest in B-League.

The game to watch for next day is V2 EE versus East 4 , are capable of reversing that s this time. The winner of this E should capture the champions

Kincare and North Nibt: should also prove to be an inte ing game with Kincare employ zone defence and North u primarily man-to-man coverage. care has better reboun power, and this could prove t the difference in what should close contest.

In A league, Slackers are ir semi-finals with Phantoms ; two upset wins, defeating Hooping Cough(50-46) and Griffs(5 l-37). In the regular sea Griffs beat Slackers (46-39) bul time Slackers proved to be strong on the boards, while Griffs press was largely ineffec

Phantoms are favoured ( Slackers, but may run into trc on the boards. Slackers are car of pulling off another upset w

The other semi-final has CC OTHG playing Summer Rats, and company should win, but face a tougher challenge than i cent games. If CC and OTH( up, they could be surprized.

The C-league final pits S; Valley Riders against St. Jerc C team. The semi-final action not too exciting as St. Jeromes WC default over a strong Han and Coop team, and V2 West lo Sauce Valley Raiders after fii~ tending a Grey Cup party on I day.

In the regular season, Sauce ley defeated St. Jeromes by a c margin (38-33) but did not look pressive in their win over V2 W

The championship is real toss-up between the two te; and could be decided by a play< either team who gets hot for final.

The A and B level champion games will be held Monday, De and the C Championship on day, Nov. 30. The action is exe and the calibre of basketball 1 so come out to the PAC and port your favourite team.

av, november 28, 1975 the chevron 19

,eague champions decided he women’s Arts volleyball ns have won the league C divi- L championship. They played ir final game last Tuesday nst the Village l-North team. 5 win gave the team a no-loss )rd . he match was very good and sistent volleyball, with all the rers exhibiting average poise skill. Both teams did a lot of

;1 spiking. efensively, both teams covered courts well, even though there e only five players on the Vil-

l-North team: Jean McEven, Harison, Jane Mierto, Chris

lak, Marg Hanna and four ers on the Arts team: Helen -uk, George Nelson, Cilestine h and L. Luomala. he first game resulted in a 15-10 e for the Arts team, who kept ed because of their consistently I serving. The second game of natch presented a final score of

for Arts, and de.clared them league champions . league A, V2, SC were champ-

, and V2, EB & C took the ue B crown. The volleyball 1s were divided into leagues not esentative of skill but for the ~lification of scheduling .

IniWat lumps wu ’ niversity of Waterloo wrestlers :d the WilfridLaurier University r November 24 (originally duled for the 20th). re overall quality of the meet low. Many of our boys have

L missing practice because of of the term school pressures t showed: technique was poor conditioning almost non-

ant. ime of our top wrestlers were competing, notably Tim

zle, due to defaults by Wilf?id ier. bny Beiler of Waterloo dragged elf to a 17 to 3 victory over Ian erspoon. He looked like the t conditioned man on the War- squad and it seemed he was : to be pinned whenIan caught n a firemans carry in the first d. Tony’s vastly superior but jy technique brought us our victory. 142 pounds Joe Buke defeated

Lymburner of Laurier 6 to 3. ooked tough and well con- ned but inexperienced. He :ially has to learn to stay be- his opponent when in control :fighting in the down position. m Hodgson , of Waterloo ed a lot of potential in winning 50.pound fight over Dave

#on. It was a tough 2 to 0 win )ne of the most interesting hes of the night. : lost our ~dy two fights in the

and 167 pound weight Dries where we had inexperi- d wrestlers pitted against er’s most experienced men. icrappy Guy Milton was pin- ly Charlie DingaI. er Muirhead looked tough but and lacking in knowledge. He is fight to Dave Swezger, 11 to .e wrestled a second time and d Jonnis Judis in the first

Kalbfleisch looked good beat- ike Marnegie of Laurier 22 to has been wrestling for 3 years ever like he did this night. He Iuick, smooth and demon- d incredable balance. If Al mes wrestling with the same

. continued cm pg. 21

Waterloo second The University of Waterloo

Warriors Volleyball team (men) completed the 1st half of its league competition last weekend.

The six West Division teams met at Western in the second straight weekend tournament. Waterloo and McMaster went into the day tied for the lead with 8-2 win-loss records. The Warriors were ham- pered by the loss of Tom Jarv 6’4” spiker who suffered a badly sprained ankle in practice last week. The team, which relies heavily on preci- sion and speed, went on to win 7 of 10 games.

- McMaster however lost only one game on the day. They utilize a basic 4spiker, 2 setter attack in which they have 2 or 3 big, powerful spikers. There is nothing fancy/ _ about their style of play, but they

demonstrate a consistency which is hard to beat.

Waterloo and Western are now tied for second place behind McMaster. Two -tournaments Winter term (Guelph, Jan. 17 and Waterloo,Jan. 24) will decide which team goes on to theSectianalFinals.

For the Warriors, several players were outstanding. Duncan Col- quhoun and Dave Montieth led the attack with superb spiking and blocking. Bob McRuer, Jim Roberts and Juris Steprans carried the team with consistent all-around playing.

On Tuesday evening, December 2nd the team is privileged to compete in a scrimmage against the Canadian Junior National Team at Waterloo at 9:00 p.m. Visitors and fans are welcome to attend.

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_ Flight of k the condor

Three Days of the Condor is no . 0rtith0i0gb.l treatise.

It’s a chilling tale about the grisly fate of a loner who tangles with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Robert Redford plays a detective-comic enthusiast who works for the American Literary Historical Society.

Redford, alias Condor, is also’ a CIA operative, as are his colleagues at the historical society.

Condor’s job is to read --everything. Read, then feed what \ he finds into the CIA computer bank.

Innocent enough work. And in- nocently enough, Condor stumbles upon a plot to takeover a Middle East oil producing country. That is news, very interesting news, to the CIA.

Condor’s fate-and the fate of his colleagues -is sealed. They ’ meet theirs in quick burst from a 1 muffled machine gun/ By chance, Condor escapes.

The subsequent three days in Condor’s life are not pleasant ones. With both the CIA and .hired killers ’ on his trail, Condor sets out to dis- cover why his name has been in- - scribed on the hit list.

With that, Three Days of the Condor launches the viewer into a

flit that’s crammed with subjects of popular fascination-especially murder-mysteries and the CIA.

Why this present fixation upon the CIA and “exposes” of the CIA? m

Well, forone, the CIA itself is a mystery-like the Mafia.

And there is widespread disgust with the CIA’s dirty tricks and political interference, some of which have recently been revealed publicly.

Through such publicity, we see the tip of the CIA iceberg. We’re naturally eager. to get a glimpse below the waterline.

And what does Condor tell us about the real CIA? --

‘Well, it’s a vast, intricate, technically-sophisticated organization. Moreover, asserts Condor, the CIA is an autonomous entity unto itself. Indeed, so independent is it of political control that it is , riven by plots spawned by its own personnel, who manoeuvre to _ carry out one grandiose scheme after another.

In Condor Redford chances upon one such plan, the pet of a CIA director. In the internecine battle that follows, death is dispensed like beer at the City Hotel.

For three days Condor thwarts

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the best efforts of professional sleuths The CIA in fact is not an and hired guns, at the same time managing to dig to the founda-

tonomous organization. It is

tion underlying the slaughter of his arm of a single class in the I And that ain’t the class that ‘

section. But his is a postponed death

mands” oil, esp’ecially not at $ barrel. It’s the class that makes

only. The CIA cannot allow that profits on oil. , - rare, precious bird to escape its net. Like his namesake in the animal kingdom, Condor will be extermi- nated .

By citing whose well-being does the CIA and its commanders justify such actions? Let one CIA aristoc- rat speak for himself and his peers:

“Today it’s oil. In ten years it’ll be food, plutonium. And they (the people of the U.S.) won’t askus for it. They’ll just want us to get it.”

In light of the sordid legacy of CIA action against the American

1 people themselves, such a justifica- tion can only smack of “blame the victim” rationalization.

In the guise of an expose of the CIA, then, Condor: presents us with a wild fabrication about the nature of the CIA.

And contrary to Condor, the ( can and will be defeated. Its der will not be the result of individ outwitting and penetrating 1 complex structure, but by pet throughout the world surround isolating and neutralizing it. T the people will turn all that exl sive equipment and human tale1 their own use.

And who knows but that cone might not thrive again, leaving endangered-species list .

The other strong attractior Condor is its mystery aspect. it’s a mystery of a peculia modern kind.

Redford (Faye Dunaway, most heroines, is merely a beau

continued on pg

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The team tournaments held last weekend were marked by numerous upsets as the UW “A” team crushed the powerful Hamil- ton “A” team, which included three experts in its roster, by a score of 5 l/2-1/2.

The UW No. 1 “B” team defeated the formidable London “B” team 2 1/2-l l/2 while the UW No. 2 “B” team held the strong Hamilton “B” team to a 2-2 draw.

The excellent victory by Harry Kaminker of the UW “A” team over M. Collins must have been sweet revenge for last year’s defeat at the hands of Collins who is one of the top 50 Canadian chess players.

Benko Counter Gambit White: M. Collins Black: H. Kaminker 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2 P-QB4 P-QB4 3 P-Q5 P-QN4!?

Black’s 3 . . .P-QN4!? is the characteristic move of the Benko Counter Gambit. Black stakes a Pawn for rapid Queen-side mobilization and to undermine the White Pawn centre.

4 PXP P-QR3 5 PXP BXP 6 N-QB3 P-Q3 7 P-K4 BXB 8 KXB P-N3 9 K-N2 B-N2

10 K-N2 o-o 11 P-B4!? . . .

White’s last move is perhaps too ambitious. 11 . . . QN-Q2 12 Q-K2 N-N3 13 N-B3 N-R5! 14 NXN? . . .

This leads to the almost forced loss of a Pawn. 14 . . . RXN 15 N-Q2 Q-RI !

Black threatens both NXKP! and RXP. White’s position is very shaky and is in imminent danger of collapsing.

16 P-N3?! RXRP 17 B-N2 NXKP! 18 QXN . . .

If 18 NXN then RXB! is strong while 18 BXB is answered by 18 . . .RXN!

18 . . . BXB 19 RXR QXR 20 Q-B2 . . .

White probably had a better move in 20 QXKP. After the actual move Black has a clearly advantageous endgame in prospect.

20 . . . R-RI 21 K-B3 B-Q5 22 R-QBl Q-R3 23 Q-K4 Q-N2 24 R-B2 R-R8 25 P-R4 Q-Q2 26 K-N2 R-N8ch

, 27 K-R2 Q-N5 28 Q-B3 QXQ 29 NXQ R-Q8 30 R-Q2?! . . .

As more pieces are exchanged off Black’s extra Pawn gains in importance. 30 N-Q2 holds out longer.

30 . . . RXR 31 NXR P-KB4 32 N-B3 B-B3

At this point Black only had about 30 seconds for his next eight moves so White still had a real chance of winning on time.

33 K-N2 K-82 34 K-B2 P-K3

Black now obtains the major advantage of a passed Pawn. 35 PXP KXP 36 K-K2 K-Q4 37 K-Q3 K-B3 38 K-B4 P-Q4ch 39 K-Q3 K-N4 40 K-B2 P-B5 41 N-K5 BXN 42 PXPch PXP 43 PXB K-B4 44 P-K6 K-Q3 45 K-B3 P-B5!

Blackfindstheeasiest waytoforce thewin. AfterWhite makes the capture his pawns fall like ripe apples.

46 PXP KXP 47 KXP K-B4’ 48 Resigns

White resigns as he will be helpless to prevent Black from Queen- ing one of his remaining Pawns. Kaminker’s accurate play was rewarded with a well deserved victory.

Note: In last weeks game between Mudroch and Douthwaite the 24th move was misprinted. It should have been: 24 K-N2 B-B5 ’

-robert inkol

out of the depths Free zit Last Free

After waiting several weeks to give an in-depth review of Free at Last, it became apparent that this was going to be impossible. This album has-no depth. At best it can only be evaluated as mediocre.

Free has never produced a type of music in which one can feel totally immersed. However, they have recorded a number of singles that have produced a certain excitement and titilation. (Their music can be translated as “cocky rock”, less blatent but coming from the same source as the Stones’ un- diluted cock rock.)

condor continued from pg. 20

adjunct) undertakes the solution of a puzzle.

But he undertakes it in a situation where he can trust no one, and in which he is in constant personal danger. With immense ingenuity he pursues every minor clue to its source, bit by bit piecing together an answer, successfully defying an organization that is awesomely complex.

For all his persistence, however, he finds only disappointment. He runs head on into an organization so powerful that it cannot be beaten. And he learns that the roots he was probing are so thoroughly rotten, so vile and corrupt that they should not be brought into the light of day. Here Condor is a worthy successor to Chinatown.

The moral of the story is simple: investigate your world on pain of death or disillusionment.

Recall Sherlock Holmes, the sleuth who always managed to cut the Gordian knot. Why are modern-day whodunits so unlike those of yesteryear?

What we have in each case is the fundamentally-different world views of the capitalist class. In the 19th century, dynamic and optimistic, the bourgeois hero solves his problems.

But our 20th century detective, reflecting the bourgeoisie in its moribund, parasitic and decaying stage of monopoly capitalism, fails miserably in his assignments. -kathy bergen and larry hannant on behalf of the Progressive Cultural

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Free still possesses that tightness in form characteristic. of so many English rock bands of the early seventies. However, their tightness has a stranglehold on their spontaneity and emotion in music.

There is little flow between their lyrics and instruments; each sup- ports the other in a contrived artificial way. As a result they are often caught in obvious apposition.

A prime example of this is found on “Catch a Train’. This song starts out with as explosive squeel- ing guitar, bursting down on you, but then this drive is broken to allow in the lyrics. A good ploy to on “Catch a Train”. This song Starts out with an explosive squeel- The balloon gets blown up but never bursts, merely deflates.

So they have not progressed in a straightforward sense. Unfortu- nately Free has not developed too much in a lateral sense either.

There are a few new arrangements that they have experimented with; however, they do not venture

very far from their well beaten track for fear of losing their “sound” and stifling control.

There is one song ironically that fares well under such adverse conditions., That song is “Child”. With a monotonous deathly drum beat a bemoaning voice sings this haunting warning. The voice and instruments are very effective in this song and is generally the mood is total even though the lyrics never rise out of the misty gloom created by this composition.

Irony also strikes a clangy note in “Guardian of the Universe”. The title of the song suggests a certain ethereal magnificence and spaci- ousness. Exactly the opposite is created; one of muddiness and claustrophobia.

Perhaps this group should consider changing its name, or at

least think up some more appropriate album titles. How can they maintain credible euphony when they record under self-restriction and stuffy restraint and call it Free at Last?

-4.f. tonde

dumps continued from pg. 19 style he is a definite threat to win the OUAA championship.

Bob Emptage was a real disappointment. He defeated Tom Lit- Weller 6 to 2 in the 191 pound class but didn’t wrestle well. Bob gained an early 2 to 0 lead and spent most of the rest of the fight relying on his muscle to control Tom. Near the end of the fight the official

penalized Bob for stalling, tieing the fight. With this incentive Bob gained 4 quick points and showed some of his potential.

In a 126 pound exhibition fight Don Mar-in of Waterloo looked G good pinning his opponent.

Totalling the reverse bad points, an obscure scoring system devised by Tibetan monks, Waterloo won 25 to7. Not bad, but there must be a improvement before the OUAA championships roll around.

gord cole

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This course will examine the basis of the unequal status occupied by women in society. The course will focus on the economic basis of oppression, the experience of women in therapy and the conditions of women as workers, welfare recipients etc. This course will be taught by Marsha Forest and Marlene Webber will act as special guest lecturer. All interested students (male and female) welcome. The UW Dance Company and Music Four jointly present “Threads a meas-

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The last time I saw Watson & Reynolds at the CC Pub I felt kinda sorry for them.

Here were these two women, obviously very talented musicians and songwriters, being ignored by a drunken crowd who could only yell “We want boogey” etc.

Needless to say, it’s a bit hard to boogey when your mainstay instruments are flute, piano, cello and acoustic guitars.

As I said, I was feeling kind of sorry for them, but I felt sorrier for the crowd.

Well these two women just kept right on playing to the point where their tenacity in the face of such ignorance really won me over to their side, not that it took much doing.

But they really clinched it for me when unheard by the crowd they dedicated a song to their wonderful audience. At that point, they swung into a very meaningful1 version of MacClean & MacClean’s “Fuck Ya”. It was very moving to say the least.

Let’s hope that this time ‘round people will take the time to listen to the good music that these women put out.

-hal mitchell

Worship With

REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH

Meeting at Central Park

Centre Old Library

Duke & Argyle Sts. Preston

lo:30 AM Pastor D. Vance

Coupon Offer Westmount Plaza

friday, november 28, 1975 "

-

the chevron 23 7--

MJe>iner’s , audacity

How could Arther Weiner have the audacity to ask for Dr. Marsha Forest’s termination of contract at U. of W.?

I was a student of Weiner’s and I am presently one of Forest’s; there is no comparison! Mafsha, one of my most stimulating professors, has made me think about my life with optimism and excitement.

I must say Weiner had a totally opposite effect. I sat in his Human Relations 120 class for two sessions, and was so bored out of my mind, I dropped the subject immediately after the second class.

If anyone should go, I feel it should be our Prof. Weiner-in my opinion a hypocritical, wormy sort whose teaching leaves much to be desired.

One other interesting fact-Prof. Weiner is presently teaching seven students in his Hr 100 class this term, Prof. Forest has 55 students enrolled in her HR 100 class. This indi- cates to me which prof is the.better and the more preferred by the students .’

C. Huxtable

Shock and

outrage ’ We, the students of HR 100, wish-to ex-

press our shock and outrage at the suggestion for the termination of Dr. Marsha Forest’s contract without the students’ input. Nancy Atkin . Betty Jewel1 Henry Lwalak Debbie Polgrain Debbie Armstrotig Kim Cook Melodie Sonoda Dawn Hannah Mary Hunt Lorraine Graham Kew Boggs David Mackey Linda Salach John Stafford Alexis Petroff . , Thorn Morressey Boyd Allan M, Louise Finet Brenda Dion Vic Wiebe Robert Connolly Bob Ledgerwood Gyamti G. Mensah Marg. Sou-thick S. Conley Doug Weldel I J. Poole N. Weir M. Cole Mladenka Raos Rich Maertens Roma Dobrowolsky Peter Gale L. Yjtu Jenn George

Great things

Great things are happening in our course, Women and Social Work, offered at Renison College and we as concerned students want to inform and share this experience with other students. _-

Many have become self-motivated to taie an interest and become actively involved in current issues covering diverse topics. To witness a class of predominantly women dis- xss the economy, education, immigration policies, women and their role in society and many other crucial issues of today, is indeed encouraging.

We are also fortunate to share the k&w- !edge and enthusiasm of Marlene Webber, 3ur course instructor & Marsha Forest lecturer. The integration of the course material and their capacity to present information, to create an awareness, and stimulate-interest snd discussion, produces a course that should be worthy of acknowledgement and )raise by any standards.

Why have we found this to be such a uni- ;lue phenomenon? Should not the teaching If students to investigate and analyse be a ‘undamental factor inxthe learning process, :specially at the university level?

Recently it has been evident that a program has been initiated to weed out promoters of progressive education. Marlene & Mars ha are the latest victims of such a bureaucratic assault. In spite of the fact that our evalua- tions demonstrate overwhelming evidence that we, the students, want them to continue teaching, their contracts have not been renewed. Why? __

Perhaps the time is more than right to question the traditional educational system and its intent. It is essential that we decide upon the stand we, as students, will take on such decisions that directly affect us all-the quality of our education and our justifiable rigl-it to have a democratic voice in what we learn and from whom we learn it.

Why do Marlene & Marsha pose such a threat? Many doubts and disillusions concerning our educational system and the structure which it serves should arise for everyone, fi-om-the action taken to prevent good teachers from teat hing.

’ Clare Kisko, Sylvia Collins and Louise Fowler

Women and Social Work 369R

Waxing poetic on fascism Generalissimo Franc0 is dead! And is the end of France, the end of

Fascism in Spain? But why should he choose to die this time? Why should he choose his successor? These are the questions for all Spaniards

to answer.

For three weeks, the world watched - silently the exit of a man

who had made curious niches in his tory. -

Franc0 is gone but remember, M_any Spaniards are languishing

in his limbo. Franc0 stood for good and evil

in Spain.

France, Truman, De Gaulle and Others, Brought Sanity to the world, During the Hitler’s assault from

1939-45. France, the arch dictator is gone, . Gone to the Great Beyond

To meet Benito Mussolini The author of Faeism in 1922. __

The Monarchy could.not compete with France,

And to-day Franc0 is no more; But Spain lives and Monarchy is back

Franc0 is dead-a fact that does not make anyone sad.

Most Spaniards, even the grasses in Spain,

Expected his death; A grave was dug and made ready

for Franc0

,His grave awaited him for more than two weeks

Yet Franc0 could not come. Doctors helped to prolong his life

with artificial means, To the dismay of Spaniards.

The death of Franc0 pose8 that big eternal question; what is really life?

“0 ! Death, wher’e is thy sting? 0 ! Grave where is thy victory?”

Franc0 has left Spain for Spaniards. It is now their turn to make Spain better. The world wants a democratic Spain. With the death of France, the era of

Fascism is over. This is what I think.

But the death of Fraico, Is a challenge to his successor--the Prince. Dear France, rest in peace. Goodbye Fascism. And long live Spain.

Patrick J. Obilo

Falling in lbve - . with the’ chevron WiZZ you miss it?

’ We hope not, because the chevron will not be automatically sending copies of the paper to coop students. This is due to the high cost of mailing ‘and labour (it cost $9,000 to send out chevrons last year). However, if -you cannot ---

sleep at night without your weekly rag, send your name and address ‘\

r by inter-office mail or come in per-

- son to the chevron office. Names must be submitted by December 19.

r. ~~l,( ,. \ \ -=-f%K*

ch~evron debate

Resolved : There is no scientific basis for hereditary differences in intelligence atid there never will be. All research on this question -’ should be suppressed.

Affirmative: , ’ _ Professor Doug Wahlsten, Psychology Dept. -

Negative: Professor Jan Narveson, Philosophy Dept.

Time: Dee lst, 1975 8 ph.

Place: Engineering Lecture Hall ‘211

24 the chevron friday, ‘november 28, 197

nical intelligence and the capitalist

‘. diviskon of labor a l The following at-tic/e on the division of labour as related to technica/ intelligence in a capitalist society was written for the periodical Telos by And& Corz, who writes for the French newsmagazine Le Nouvel Obser- va teur.

Up to recent years, it was traditionally assumed’ by most ‘Marxists that the development of productive forces was something intrinsic /and intrinsically positive. Most Marxists held the view that capitalism, as it matured, was producing a material base which could be taken over by a socialist society and upon which socialism could be built.

It was widely held that the higher the development of productive forces, the easier the building of socialism would be. Such productive forces as technology, science, human skills and knowledge, and abundant dead labor were considered assets that would greatly facilitate the transition to socialism.

These views were based somewhat mechanically upon the Marxian thesis regarding the deepening contradiction between productive forces on the one hand, and social relations of production on the other hand. Most orthodox communist parties clung to the view that capitalist relations of production were stifling the development of productive forces and that socialism, by tearing down the soTcalled superstructure of the, capitalist state and of capitalist social

relations, could set free at one blow a tre- mendous potential for socio-economic development and growth.

This view still pervades the political at- titude of the Western European communist parties. They usually consider all available productive capacity, all available manual, technical, professional and intellectual skills as forces that will be valuable and useful during the transition period: socialism, so the story goes, will be capable of putting them to good social uses and of-rewarding their labor, whereas capitalism either mis- uses them or puts them to no use at all.

I shall try to illustrate that these simplistic views no longer hold true. We can no longer assume that it is the productive forces whit h shape the relations of production. Nor can

,9 we any longer assume that the autonomy of productive forces is sufficient for them to enter spontaneously into contradi@ion with the capitalist relations of production.

On the contrary, developments during the last two decades rather lead to the conclusion that the productive forces are shaped by the capitalist relations of production and that the-imprint of the latter upon the first is so deep that any attempt to change the relations of production will be doomed unless a radical change is made in the very nature of the productive forces, and not only in the way in which and in the purpose for which they are used.

, This aspect is by no means irrelevant to the topic of “technical intelligence” dealt with here. It is, on the contrary, a central aspect. In my view, we shall not succeed in locating technical and scientific labor within the class structure of advanced capitalist society unless we start by analyzing what

functions technical and scientific labor perform in the process of capital accumulation and in the process of reproducing capitalist social relations.

The questions as to whether technicians, engineers, research workers and the like be- long to the middle class or to the working class must be made to depend upon the following questions: *

Is their function required by the process of material production as such, or by capital’s concern for ruling and for controlling the productive process and the work process from above? ’

Is their function required by the concern for the greatest possible efficiency in production technology? or does the concern for

‘efficient production technology come second only to the concern for “social technology”, i.e., for keeping the labor force discip- lined, hierarchicaily regimented and divided?

Is the present definition’of technical skill and knowledge primarily required by the technical division of labor and thereby based upon scientific and ideologically neutral data? or is the definition of technical skill and knowledgebrimarily social and ideological, as an outgrowth of the social division of labor?

The Purpose of Technological Innovation

Let US try to examine these questions. And to begin with, let us focus attention on the %pposedly most creative and most sought after area of employment by asking ourselves: what is the economic purpose of the quickening pace of technological innovation which, in turn, calls for an increasing proportion of technical and scientific labor in the fields of research and development?

We may consider that up to the early 193Os, the main purpose of technological innovation was to reduce production costs. Innovation aimed at saving labor, at sub- stituting dead labor for living labor, at producing the same volume of goods with a de- creasing quantity of social labor. This prior- ity of labor-saving innovation was an intrinsic and classical consequence of competitive capitalism. As a result, most innovation was concentrated in the capital goods sector.

But this type of innovation, while keeping a decisive importance, has been over- shadowed from the early fifties onwards by innovation in the consumer goods sector. The reason for this shift is quite clear: sooner or later, increasing productivity will meet an

external limit, which is the limit of the market.

If the market demand becomes saturated for a given mix‘of consumer goods, the wider reprodyetion of capital tends to grind to a halt and the rate of profit to fall. Ifinnovation were to remain concentrated mainly on capital goods, the outlets for consumer goods production could be made to grow only by lowering prices. But falling prices would slow down the cycle of capital reproduction and rob monopolies of new and profitable opportunities for capital investment.

The main problem for monopolies in a virtually saturated market is therefore no longer to expand their production capacities and to increase productivity;. their main problem is to prevent the saturation of the market and to engineer an on-going or, if possible, an expanding’demand for the very type of commodities which they can man- ufacture at maximum profit.

There is only one way to reach this result: constant innovation in the field of consumer goods, whereby commodities for which the market is near the saturation point are con- stantly made obsolete and replaced by new, different, more sophisticated products serving the same use.

The main function of research is therefore to accelerate the obsolescence and replacement of commodities, i.e., of consumer as well as capital goods, so as to accelerate the cycle of reproduction of capital and to create profitable investment opportunities for a growing mass of profits. In one word: the

kzain purpose of research and innovation is to create new opportunities for profitable capital investment. 4

As a consequence, monopolist growth and the growth of the GNP no longer aim at or result in improved living conditions for the masses. In North America and tendentially in Western Europe, growth no longer rests on increasing physical quantities of available goods, but, to an ever larger extent, on sub- stitution of simpler goods by more elaborate and costly goods whose use value is no greater-it may well be smaller.

This type of growth is obviously incapable of eliminating poverty and of securing the

0

satisfaction of ‘social and cultural needs; i rather produces new types of poverty due tc environmentaland urban degradation and tc increasingly acute shortages in the fields o health, hygiene and sanitation, to overcrowd ing, etc. *

The Merits of “Team Work” The point I am driving at is that the type o

productive forms which we have at hand and more specifically the type of technica and scientific knowledge, competence, ant personnel, is to a large extent functiona only to the particular orientation am priorities of monopolist growth.

To a large extent, this type of technica and scientific personnel would be of little us in a society bent on meeting the more basic social and cultural needs of the masses They would be of little use because thei type of knowledge is hardly relevant to wha would be needed to improve the quality o life and to help the masses to take their de stiny in their own hands.

E.g, technical and scientific workers though they may know a lot about the tech nicalities of their specialized fields, knov very little nowadays about the ways to make the work process more pleasant and self fulfdling for the workers; they know ver; little about what is called “ergonomy’‘-the science of saving effort and avoidin] fatigue-and they are not prepared to hell workers into self-organizing the work pro cess-and into adjusting production technol ogy to their physical and psychic needs (Moreover, they are not generally capable o conveying their specialized knowledge tc workers holding less or *different training an of sharing it with them.)

In other words, technical and scientific knowledge is not only to a large extent dis connected from the needs and the life of the masses; it is also culturally and semanticall! disconnected from general comprehensive culture and common language.

Each field of technology and science is ; typical sub-culture, narrowly specialized il its relevance, generally esoteric in its lan guage and thereby divorced from any corn prehensive cultural concept. It is,quite strik

Freeze drying by microwave For countless centuries people have been preserving and storing food, and one of the processes they have used is drying. The single, common characteristic of foods dried by most conventional means is that the flavour and texture are altered. Freeze drying, however, retains more of the original character of the food. Professors /. Ford and D. Pei are involved in related research at the UW chemical engineering department.

beef using microwaves. That is, they heat the cubes under conditions of vacuum so that the water sublimes, leaving behind dried beef.

Many coffee drinkers agree freeze dried powder makes a better cup of “instant” than the powder produced by other drying methods. Freeze dried foods are also popular with campers and hikers because they’re light, tasty and nutritious.

The “instant” cup of soup contains a number of freeze-dried constituents. And there are also many applications ,of freeze drying technology in the chemical, biological and medical fields.

Freeze drying is a growing technology. . . but just what is it? It is a process of heating frozen material under vacuum condi-

tions so that the water inside changes from solid crystals (ice) to vapor without first going through the lrquid stage. You “sub- lime” it, the scientists say.

“It’s the same as subliming a piece of dry ice,” says James Ford, associate professor of chemical engineering at the Univer- sity of Waterloo. “When dry ice sublimes it doesn’t leave a puddle of liquid; it just disappears into the vapor state.”

He and a colleague, David Pei, professor of chemical engineering, ai% currently involved in research in the freeze drying of food, using microwave technology.

“Virtually any kind of heat could be used in freeze drying, of course,” Dr. Ford says. “The thing about microwaves is that you create a high frequency electro-magnetic field in the vicinity

I of the material you want to freeze dry. This field oscillates at thousands of cycles per second, whereas the frequency of oscil- lation in the normal household circuit, for example, is just 60 cycles per second.

“Now what happens is this: When you place a sample contain- ing water in this field the water molecules try to follow the oscillations. They try to follow the field back and forth at thousands of cycles per second. This creates friction and thus heat, just as your finger gets hot if’you rub it quickly back and forth on a table top. Since most foods have a good deal of water in them, they heat up.”

“This has advantages ,” says Dr. Pei, “because when you heat with microwaves you cut out the middle man. That is, you heat the food itself, more or less from within. Inconventional cooking you have a heat source which first heats up the air around the food-say, in an oven- and the heat then passes from the air to the food itself. Because microwave heating cuts out this middle man, we feel there may eventually be applications where it will be found to be more efficient than conventional methods. It must be stressed though that to date the cost of a microwave installation is much greater than a conventional system.”

Drs. Ford and Pei have been freeze drying half-inch cubes of

Because heat is generated throughout the cube of beef,. they feel the drying time can be cut to one-third the time used under conventional heating methods. In the conventional process, they note, an insulation problem arises as you freeze dry farther and farther in to the centre of the cube; the outer dried portion insulates the centre, which stays frozen. The insulation reduces the flow of heat in, heat which is necessary for the sublimation.

A major problem in developing these studies, Dr. Ford notes, has been related to microwave technology.

“There is a huge gap today between the people who develop the technology-the electrical ‘engineers and electronics manufacturers-and the people who can use it-the chemical engineers and food processors,” Dr. Ford says.

He feels that up to now the electrical people have tended to concentrate on applying microwave technology to communica- _ tions problems possibly because this was where the big money was. There -were also many military applications, but no pressure to foster domestic and industrial development.

“Perhaps now that the war in Vietnam is over, North Ameri- can manufacturers will become more interested in other areas\” says Dr. Ford.

In the domestic appliance field (the home microwave oven) the approach of the manufacturers has left much to be desired, they feel.

“Most people who have purchased microwave ovens for their homes are using them,just to re-heat meals, or for snacks,” says Dr. Ford. “What’s more, there is no training program available so that they can learn to use them more effectively. I think the microwave oven people ought to set up special cooking schools for purchasers, just as sewing machine manufacturers have been doing for years.”

Both debunk the radiation hazard scare that has kept many people from considering the purchase of these ovens.

Microwave radiation, Dr. Ford says, is non-ionizing . . .it doesn’t change the molecular structure of matter exposed to it as nuclear radiation does.

“Also, it’s like the sun in that you can feel the heat when you are exposed to it (because your body is mostly composed of .water) ,” he says, “and you can move away. F,urthermore, when you do move away from microwave radiation the effectiveness drops off geometrically.”

They are planning to continue their studies to find out more about changes that occur during the freeze drying process. They are also interested in other microwave applications . . .including the drying of corn, and medical applications. In the drying of corn, it should be possible for farmers to cut energy costs, when compared with the use of propane heaters. Dr. Pei is currently investigating the feasibility of such a process under a Waterloo Research Institute contract with the Ontario Ministry of Agricul- ture and Food.

friday, november 28, 1975 the chevron 25 ing that though a large majority of intellectual workers are engaged in technical and scientific work, we do not have one scientific and technical culture, but a great number of fragmentary sub-cultures, each of which is bent on devising technical and scientific solutions to technical problems, and none of which is qualified to put its speciahzed concern into a broader perspective and to consider its general human, social, and civilizational consequences.

Hence this paradox that the main intellectual activity of advanced industrial societies should remain sterile as regards the development of comprehensive popular culture. The professionals of science and technology, and more specifically of research and development, must be seen as a kind of new mandarins whose professional pride and involvement have demonstrated that productivity can be greatly enhanced by en- larging the jobs and replacing repetitive as- sembly line work by team work, i.e., by giv- ing teams responsibility for a complex pro- duct and allowing each team to organize production as it deems most convenient.

In this system, the repetitiveness and separation of tasks are abolished and workers are incited to achieve and to display a spec- trum of skills, and to take over the coordination, planning, timing, and even the testing of their production.

Of course, the coordination of the different work teams and technicians or engineers

nology of course must be radically reshaped so as to allow for the maximum display of the producers’ capabilities and creativity.

That such a reshaping of production technology should be possible without increasing the social costs of production to the whole economy is a demonstrable fact; experi- ments in the U.S. even demonstrate the superior micro-economic efficiency of the type of work organization that abolishes hierarchical authority and control and appe- als to team spirit and creativity.

The question to which we have to revert then is: why is such a type of technology not generally available? Why has capitalism consistently promoted * a technology that rests on the minute and stupefying fragmen- tation of tas ks : a technology that requires the hierarchic structure of the work force and the hierarchic separation of manual and technical and intellectual labor?

Why does “rationalization” and “moder- niza tion’ ’ keep replacing skilled work and work teams with unskilled repetitive work that leaves most workers’ capabilities unemployed, that denies them the possibility of thinking and developing into complete human beings?

Why does the capitalist system instead transfer most of the intellectual, creative and skilled dimensions of production work onto a pyramidally structured personnel of supervisors, technicians and engineers who receive an essentially abstract training and

management can rely upon the workers’ willingness.

Hierarchical regimentation thus appears to be a necessity that flows from production technology; but in truth it is built into production technology insofar as the latter is itself a reflection of the social division of labor.

. The technicians role Whether we like it or not, we must see

technicians in the manufacturing industries as key instruments of the hierarchical regimentation required by the capitalist division of labor.

Their role is to oversee the domination of mechanical processes over living labor; their role is to make sure thereby that the maximum labor and surplus value is extracted from each worker.

The role is to dequalify workers by monopolizing the technical and intellectual skills required by the work process.

They embody the dichotomy between manual and intellectual work, thought and execution.

They hold significant financial, social and cultural privileges.

They are the workers’ most immediate enemy: they represent the skill, knowledge, and virtual power of which workers have been robbed.

In a machine tool shop, every one technician that is hired will turn five, ten, or twenty

undergoes a fundamental change: it ceases to be hierarchical and authoritarian. It cannot remain such.

The system, in order to work, must rest on the workers’ consent, initiative and sense of responsibility; relations of cooperation and mutual trust between work teams and technicians or engineers become indispensable: the latter can no longer give orders and demand obedience; they must seek the workers’ consent and therefore have to explain and discuss each of their concerns. Moreover, they must be at the workers’ dis- posal, ready to help them solve problems they meet and to achieve improvements, modifications and innovations of the work- process, the tools and the products.

In this type of organization, as enacted in China and envisioned in Europe (mainly in Italy) by political and labor activists, sharp differences between workers on the one hand and technicians and engineers on the 3ther hand tend to disappear. Production work and the acquisition of new skills and tnowledge proceed together; working and earning or studying cease to be separated.

From his early adolescence onward, everyone is at the same time both a producer and a student. No one is meant to remain 3locked in unskilled, stupid and “inferior” obs: an “evolutive profile” (or “career”) is Gketched out in each industry whereby each Norker’s work is to be progressively en- iched, the reduction of working time being iesigned to allow free time for studying.

The work process and production tech-

are instrumental in making and keeping the workers stupid?

There is one main, fundamental reason: the hierarchical division of labor destroys the power of the workers over the work process and maximizes the bosses’ (or their representatives’) power of control over the work force.

The minute division of labor renders the process of production totally extraneous to the workers ; it robs them of the possibility of determining how much work they want to do, it prevents them from tampering with work speeds. It makes them work to the limits of their physical and nervous capabilities -a thing no one would do unless personally committed to the purpose of his work, and even then not permanently.

In a word, the capitalist division of labor is functional to a system that rests on forced Zabor and that therefore can rely only on regimentation and hierarchical control, not on -the workers’ consent and cooperation. To sum it all up, we have the following vici- ous circle:

Since the purpose of production is not the satisfaction of the producers’ needs, but the extortion of surplus labor, capitalist production cannot rely upon the workers’ willingness to work;

The less capitalist management wishes to rely upon the willingness of the workers, the more extraneous, regimented and idiotic work has to become;

The more extraneous, regimented and idiotic work becomes, the less capitalist

hitherto skilled workers into unskilled un- derdogs, thereby enabling the boss to pay them unskilled wage rates.

I shall conclude this chapter by reporting a recent conversation with a young technician in a machine tool factory. He had been to a technical school and was very proud of his knowledge. He earned twice as much as the workers he was supervising.

When asked what he knew which the workers did not, he replied: “I have studied calculus, mechanics, and am a good draftsmen.”

I asked him: “Do you ever use calculus in your work?” “ No,” he said, “but I am glad I have learned it. It’s a good training for the mind.”

I then asked him: ‘ ‘What skills, besides calculus, do you have which workers have not?” “ I have a more comprehensive insight,” he said, “into what it’s all about.”

“Could workers acquire such an insight,” I asked, “without having been to a technical school?” He replied: “They might get it through experience, but it would take them time. ”

“How long ?” I asked. “Oh, at least five to six years,” he said.

This technician had been to a technical school for three years. You will have noticed that, in his view, his hierarchical and social privileges and superiority rested mainly on his knowledge of calculus. But he had never used calculus in his work.

Calculus was the cultural status symbol that made him socially different from the

workers. Because it was the one thing he knew which the others could not learn from experience, calculus gave him a sense of authority and-of superiority over them.

We have here a crystal clear illustration of the way in which the school system is instrumental in building social hierarchization. Indeed, in our example, the technician’s superiority did not stem from superior useful knowledge. He had been trained in calculus not to become more efficient than a worker, but to become superior to a worker.

And the workers had not learned calculus not because they were too stupid to learn it, but because they were meant to remain culturally and therefore hierarchically inferior, whatever their skill.

From a political view point, we must therefore consider that there is an unbridge- able objective class distinction between technical supervisory staff and production workers.

This class barrier can be overcome only by a powerful ideological thrust enhancing class consciousness. Mainly in situations of acute crisis and upheaval, technical supervisory personnel can be brought to side with the working class and to feel one with it.

This possibility rests on the fact that technical and engineering personnel, though they hierarchically oppress the workers, are themselves frustrated, estranged and op- pressed from above. Vis-a-vis their superiors, they are in the same situation as are their inferiors vis-a-vis themselves.

When, during radical outbreaks in fac- tories, the workers attack the capitalist division of labor and demand or even practice self-rule and equal pay for all, the sheer ideological appeal of their demand can win over technical and scientific personnel.

I saw this happen in May 1968 in the Thomson-Houston plant near Paris, where research engineers came out in favor of equal pay for all. It must be added, of course, that some of them were highly politicized.

We cannot expect, however, that such a demand should spring up in normal times. All we can do in times of uneasy and restless “peace” is to impress upon technical personnel that they have more to win than to lose by the abolition of hierarchical regimentation and privilege. To prepare the ground for this abolition, both culturally and materi- ally, technicians must be stimulated to question their role on the following basis:

They must endeavor to distinguish between their particular technical or scientific skills on the one hand, and their role in the hierarchical division of labor, on the other hand;

They must endeavor to “socialize” their particular skills, that is, to look for the ways and means whereby their superior knowledge could be made accessible to all, could cease to be a privilege, could cease to be professionally exercised by a few to the de- triment of all, which entails the reshaping of the language of science and technology, a new definition of skills, of the learning process, and of the work process;

They must refuse the social privileges and the hierarchical position of power attached to professionalism in the capitalist division of labor.

In short, the sharpest possible line must be drawn between specialization and privilege. Whereas specialization cannot be abolished in the foreseeable future, privilege can. There is no intrinsic necessity to attach privileges of status, power and money to certain skills. The basis for such privileges cannot be considered to be the scarcity of the more intellectual skills or of the capability to acquire them.

It is questionable whether this scarcity has ever existed and it certainly has virtually ceased to exist: on the contrary, there is an actual or potential over-abundance of intellectual skill. Scarcities that can still be ob- served cannot be ascribed to scarce talent or lack of capability to learn, but are a result of the class character of educational institutions: as we have seen in the example of the young technician, so proud of his mathematical skill, education aims at imbuing a minority with a feeling of elitism and is instrumental thereby in reproducing the hierarchic stratification of labor required by capitalist social relations.

This result is reached through teaching methods that make the acquisition of ab-

, stracted intellectual skills difficult for children of less educated parents and by iden- tifying good school grades with a right to privilege and to social promotion. The schooling system is a key instrument of social hierarchization: it registers a differentia- tion of skills and learning capabilities because it produces it.

continued next week

26 the chevron . ’ friday, november 28, 197.

WOMEN, lhl PRlSdNS

Brief see ks c hinges , -for femlale hmate,s

__

3

taken to remedy these conditions. Although about one-third of all admissions

to the women’s pen are drug addicts it ap, pears there is no program or specific treatment for these unfQrtunates. The brief recommends this should be investigated.

Is it recognized that the present building is - ancient, depressing and is more of i museum

thana home for humans? However, researi=h by criminologists has turned up the ridicut- ous fact that when such monstrosities are replaced with modern cheerful facilities judges assume that they are doing the convicted a big fav-our by permitting them to enjoy such an e’nvironment &ith the result prison ,populatipns double.

The brief recognizes that the present __

The fo//owing hart feature dealing with the future are useless unless the inmate partici- women’s pen isn’t fit for human habitation but

) pates on a volunteer basis. instead of. recommending its replace- condition of women in Canadian peniten- The EFS brief, has 51 recommendations: ment, puts its emphasis on more uses of sus- Garjes was adopted from Transition, -a f& too many to cover in depth in this article. pended sentences, etc., by the courts. magazine written and edited by inmates and However, many of the more pertinent’ones ’ ex-inmates of federal penitentiaries. It was deserve publicity. Visiting regulations written by Pat Ryan. . ~ For instance, pregnancy is a fact of life and The location of the women’s pen creates a

a percentage of girls sentenced to prison ar- traumatic problem for many of the inmates. rive in that delicate condition. The population is shunted there from all over

The women’s liberation movement has approximately 160 enthusiastic rooters down in that historical old city of Kinyton. I These are the inmates of Canada’s

women’s penitentiary: a sad doomed anar- chronistic old pile of rock that should be considered one of the nation’s national dis- graces.

It’&he opinion of the people who set out the &on. A‘ large -percentage come fi-om

The-Canadian Penitentiary Services keeps throwing out rumours every once ,in awhile that the old pile of stones built in the mid’nineteenth cent- will be ‘relegated to the trash-pile of history-but when the CPS has only 160 human souls to consider out of a penitentiary population of 9,500 it’s not hard to understand why the girls are among the forgo$ten children in society’s human gar- bage dumps.

Very little information seeps out to the general public regarding the women’s pen. Transition has no contacts inside the institution and depends on the Elizabeth Fry Soci- ety as its source of news.

Occasionally one meets .a girl who’s served time there ahd even allowing for the normal slanted criticisms all of us are guilty of it must be a pretty grim joint.

. The ex-inmates one does meet appear braised. mentally, physically and definitely, morally. Regardless of how they try to present a brash toughness there’s an aura of fear that walks with them like a shadow, like they’ve taken a psychological bwting.

This isn’t to say they’ve been physically mauled by the staff, although that isn’t impossible, but anyone who’s been in similar circumstancis tag these women knows $hat a whole series of huge and little dailf flicks fi=om the lashes of restrictioqs, antagonisms, fiustratioq all the agonizing things the human being isn’t borntint this world to suffer, can end up psychologically scarred tiEever. ThaPs ,the impression one is left with after meeting one of Kingston’g graduates.

EFS brief -

P

,

The Elizabeth Fry Society-the hand- eden of the John Howard Society-b

- - - - - n

recently presented an extensive brief to the the rules governing incarceration that a Vancouver. The rare one rrom the 3 National Advisory Comrpittee on the fema;le woman in prison is like an animal and not fit Maritimes. And occasionally the prairies

offender. , mentally or moi=ally to be a mother. Just like contributes one or more of their wild roses or Et’s a gQod brief, the result of a lot of an animal, when she has a child it’s snatched ~ tiger lilies.

research into problems pertaining to female .away from her and disappears into the Regardless of where the girls call home offenders, and if even ,half of it is iti- labyrinth machinery of the welfare machine they do have some place that is just that. And plemented will result in a lot of necessary regardless of the emotional trauma this they have families. Most of them have hus- and valuable changes. creates in- the mother. ’ bands ok boy-friends just like any other girls

Three aims outlined in the briefi (l.n- The bri’ef feels very strongly about this in society. -’ victed persons should be able to speak for and recommends that aseparate nursing unit - The dude may not be the most acceptable l themselves; (2) have adequate free legal aid; be set up for mother and child so that she individual to square society. He may be a (3) and enjoy a whole range of our civil may keep her child. lean, strung-out, half-assed pimp. Or he rights, are goals that should be enjoyed by all Whatever plans pertaining to. the mother might be wanted every place but home: But convi@ed persons,’ not just f-ales. and her baby she should at least have a say he% hers. And at the time of her incarcera-

It also states that incarceration, except for ’ and not be relegated tothe position of a cow tion they had their dreams, their schemes, social defence, should be eliminated and that in the barn and considered as a bovine. their ratty little li+es. But it was all the love more use of.shs$ended sentences, ptobation I, they knevir or needed. and use of attendance centers should be. - bsychiatric treatment And for tb majority of the girls; the mere utilized. Another concern of EFS for the women in fact that they were arrested and convicted,

Another indignity all convicted people Kingston is the lack of psychiatric treat- many of them drug addicts, is indicative that suffer from that raises the hackles of thi= EFS ment. their families aren’t listed in Who’s Who. is the loss of citizenship. rights, not -only One ex-inmate reported that there’s one The economic factors connotated means while imprisoned but after their release. psychiatrist for the 160 girls. Every 15 days that many of these girls get sent up and are

The brief flits ound a fact that any so- 2

she has to review all prescriptions, interview abruptly, for economic reasons, cut off from caLled rehabilitate ex-con knows: all the re- each person with an emotional problem, all physical contact with their families, lov- habilitation programs, the sermons, the$ make out the usual number of bureaucratic ers and friends. mouthings of social wvrkers, the stri.vings of triplicate forms and try to give therapy. 1 do-gooders never rehabilitated an tidividual The result is that it usually ta&s about

Anyone who’s ever experienced being in a position where one clings to the outside

in history. All they can contribUte is aid to three weeks for someone needing the world thro_ugh the futile media of correspon- the individual who has decided within doctor’s gttention to get it. Sometimes it’s dence knows that usually the, letters grow himself-herself that their trip is a bummer too late and the sick person has gotie around fewer and fewer and fqally just stop.%Vhat a and that <life holds more joys than being the bend or commit&d suicide.

_-

sloughed up behind prison walls has to offer. It would appear, also, that there are’no sad, gz;;ey sick day that i$L

Regardless of how people like the mem-- And with a recognition at last of this truth 1 separate facilities for the mentally il l and bers of the Elizabeth Fry Society and all the

the brief points out thatmost of the thera@eu- they are kept with the rest of the populatioh. other kind of people who try to fill that vac- tic programs in existence or planned for the The brief recommends that drastic steps be uum left, they just can’t fill up the emptiness.

That’s when resentment, bitterness, all the negative things creep in to create that cancel that eats away at the soul.

The EFS brief is cognizant of this prob, lem. Among its recommendations that visit! be .permitted from anyone, that the visitin rooms be furnished to provide comfort ant privacy and that visitors from distant place! be provided with lengthy periods of visitinl time and even overnight accomodations, the most important recommendation is, tha those from far places be given transportation costs and the expenses of their visits be paic

-for by the government. r Naturally, we all recognize that such :

recomniendation is an exercise in futility, i search for the fulfilhnent of a utopian dream Yet, it is the answer to the cause of mati: humyan beings who fimds themselves slidinl down the shute into moral extinction.

Prisons arti uisualized as the incubator o homosexuality. This is not true. Thousand’ of ex-conscan verify that they have gone through prison experiences and have neve been subjected to homosexuality.

But it’s a fact of life in women’s pens al over the world that the guardian staff of sucl institutions have depended upon the mas culine muscle and the twisted mentality o the ‘but& lesbian to keep the other broad in line.

Irene Blenkiron, formerly a psychi+i~ nurse and at present a classification officer a the B.C. penitentiary, relates in the JunC 1974 issue of Discussion, the publication o the Canadian Penitentiary Service, her ex perience when she escorted two women from Okalla, B.C., to the Kingston women’ pen, how terrified the two young girls sb escorted were when she delivered them ant they saw this masculine muscled ‘hutch waiting inside the gate to welcome Jhem tc their new home.

The girls instinctively knew, knowledg reinforced by old-timers at Okalla, tha homosexuality was a recognized part of thei initiation to Kingston. It’s just another face of the bruta#izing rehabilitation program fo women inmates.

Recommendations for two unique inndva tions are interesting to speculate on bu doomed to obscurity.

They are for the installation of a letter-bo: for daily pickup where inmates can just dro: their letters in just like outside folks. Such a~ innovation is a threat to the old tradition2 kite-line .and would take a lot of fun out o romancing.

The other innovation suggested is for th ‘installation of a pay phone booth. Anybod gotta slug? 1

/ ’ Confinement coriditions

A very intense recommendation deal with the subject of confinement conditions i: the pen. It seems that the ladies, regardles of women’s lib, share one thiw in comma: with male penitentiary inmates. They, tot have what is euphemistically referi-ed to a segregation-‘the hole’.

However, it appears that in the women’ pen this private domain is not used only fo punishment cells as intended but is also use to hide away psychiatric patients, protectiv custody, anyone feeling the necessity t, withdraw 6-om the obnoxious existence c the daily prison grind.

Naturally, the members of El&beth Fr abhor such conditions and vehemently r< commend that the sick be coqfined -in th hospital quarters and others not under sex tence to the hole for institutional violation at least be included in th& human race.

IThey also recommend that prisoners b permitted to enter their cells after wor hours if they feel so inclined. The only a$ sumptiori one can arrive at fi-om this is th; the inmates, regardless that privacy is one c life:s greatest gifts, are forced to socializ regardless of how -they may be screamin iriside from the frustrations, the turmoil, th sorroWs everlone experiences.

The following quote fi-om the brief tells whole story in a few words :

“That a room be available-for volun- tafy segregation-a quiet room-or preferably access’by inmates to their own rootis after working hours to provide for some privacy. “That the use of voluntary segregation or private quarters be in no way

penalized or seen as inappropriate or anti-social.”

The June issue of Discussion, the CP publication, has a story about the introduc tion of ari annex at the pen.

This annex in @e house once used by th warden was the result of overcrowding in th main prison.

- continued on page i

- / _’


&nbiguity - \ and meaning

I’m sorry that I simply ha&not had time to wri@ lengthy replies to the-several letters written in comment on my earlier l&tterS i.& last week’s issue. .

Hope’ully, my replies to Wahlsten on Monday will clarify my views on at least those parts of his letter concerning the race and IQ issue, and I expect they’ll say something about his other criticisms as well. I can here reply only very briefly to Mr. Kang and Mr. von Bezold.

Mr. Kang’s main point sepns to be that it is illegitimate $0 claim .ihat a word in fairly ordinary usage, in this-case ‘science’ is am- biguous. If he really thinks this, I recommend to him that he haye,a friend keep track of any lo-minute &retch of his own speech and just see.

As to ‘materialism’, it is extremely easy to be misled by its iibiguities, and it seems not’ unreasonabl,e to point out that they are there. Wahlsten’s lettei certainly looked as though it was trading on such ambiguities, arid when a letter appesrrs in a public paper, impres- sions, whether intended or not, are important. But I accept Mr. Kang’s point that some Marxist -theoreticians (t@ugh not, I believe, Marx) expanded the notion of dialectical materialism to cover such subjects as the. philosophy of science. --.

However, by far the most well-known and, in my judgment, by far the more interesting use is the narrow one given in the preface to Marx’s A Contribution to the’ Critique of Political Economy. It -is that character&ion which Engels employs, for example, in his “Speech at the Graveside of Marx” and in “Socialism: Utopian and Sci- entific”.

And that thesis, the thesis of ‘historical -materialism, -certainly is -a “collections of

loose and unspecified claims&out the main det;enninatlts cf h$tay.” @here’s no lack of specificity in whit h words -they use, of

‘course: -i. is only their meaning which has given rise to so me-y thous+ds of words of critical work by scholars of bothMarxistan# non-Marxist persuasion.)

Mr. von Be&d d&s not explah very , clearly just whsit the “test of practice” consists in. Ho_wever,-he seems, at the end of his letter, to succwb to the tempation to rede- fme his OF position so as to iii&de the

‘opposing one: the sort of “social practike” whichtestshypo&esesandatherfactualclaims isfhesesaidtobescientific~~nt,~n~ ground that ( this involves “peo- plq wofking together”.

Of course, what most of us though such views meant was something about social practice generally-outside the lsiboratories etc. And I, for one, would want to maintain that the only way you can get these things interestingly togetheris by assuming that it is

. in the interests of people to be in poss&sion of the truth rather than the reverse-not that

. the test ofwhether a j#ven proposition is true is whether it is in people’s interests (other- wise specsed), or some such thing.

I’m sorry to have very little time to write these words, and apologize in advance for any roughne,ss in exposition-due to haste.

Jan Narveson philosophy

Beans and ’ avocados . -

Indeed, the tide is turning, as John Wil- litis and the AMA (Anti-Martian Alliance)..

i l ,

brief I \ ,

continued from page 26 ’ At the time the article was writt& it was the first intr.ducGon for women to what one could call a half-way house. But the i&idi- DUS revelation that seeps out from between the lines as ofie reads the article is that because of the extreme observance of their prisoner’s code volunteer help groups ‘have no succys with the girls.

Inmates getting day passes to work down town, or those favoured with other rehabilitative r&.xations of the punitive system nonchalantly accepted in the male penitentiaries, seem to suffer the terrifying pain Of ostracism. If’s tragic that humans,. through fear, must deny themselves- means to beat the system and sacrifice their hopes fdr rehabilitative aids because of an an&c- hronistic penal ‘code that was good in the jayi of the ‘silent-system’ but is no longer applicable. - -I -

Employment of ex-inmates - Another recommendation made has merit.

INS one suggests that ex-inmates be emp- Dyed o&he staff or be permitted to work Jvith confined inmates on dvolunteer basis.

The province’ of Saskatchewan has-been =xpe*enting in-this arena with good suc- xss. There are exiinmates bn the staff of the provincial jail at Regina Correctional Center.

.One would exEct all kinds of problems to result from such a unique departure from the status quo but actually it works very well.

However, the ex-con turned screw must 3e an exceptionplly unique person. ke m’ust 1ave.a -r&putation as a solid dude when he was doing time. A fink con -would only be uitither fti screw. ,

One of his great difficult& is tp ret&n the )ld fiendships and yet- keep remote fi-om- setting involved from the many propositions :ossed his way. And just as Alcoholics Qnofiymous owes its success to the fact that 10 one can talk to a lush like another lush, :he same is true for the empathy between :ons and ex-cons.

The new system being introduced of pro- rincial governments accepting prisoners

sentenced to the penitentiary should be ideal for the recommendation of the brief deplor- ing the separation g$ographically of women prisoners fi-oni the environs of their home.

There are many other common sense re- \ commendations included in the b&f. The important concl&ion one arrives at when- studying the brief is that women federal prisoners, because they. are really, a minoriiy group, have problems male prisoners don’t have. / -

Regardles&f how male chauvinistic one may be towards women’s 11% the general p-hilosophy of the movement definitely should apply to this forgotten segment of our society.

, z _, It.doesn’t take the mentality of any genius

to recogdze that women have -beed exploited throughout history a&d still are. Even in the wasteland us people who have been outlaws inhabit, women don’t escape exploitation. (This doesn’tlrefer to the chick stupid enough to hand over her bread to a pimp. If she chooses-to be a,silly fool she’s not being exploited, she’s insane.)

The greatest offenders of female exploitation in the ghettoes of the hustlers’ .world are the police. -Penitentiaries ai-e full of dud- w-ho were_ forced to cop because if they didn’t the fuzz would send their old lady up for some trumped up charge. That’s a@y one example.

But the Canadian Penitentiary Service branch should not take advantage of the female prisoners simply because they are such a minor fragment of the prison population. They are just as human as ady of the other 9,500 inmates. They f;eel, they hurt, they observe and they think.

And just like everybody else, someday they come out. When they come out they are naturally assimilated.back inv this vague thing called society. Their experiences wl$le confined can play a big role on the kind bf- persdn edging into the outside world.

One little human slipping into the chaotic iirmoil of society may seem unimportant. But just like a pebble tossed into a pond that little human creates its own individual rip- ples.“ Lets hope that the lordly bureaucrats who will receive and ponder this brief &ill in a moment of wisdom act on’ it. \

/ _- c

forebodingly w’arned-. F&t “ Wahlsten Psychology” (WP) felt thesword of the earth people’s army; but now, the bastion of ear- thling disruptance, Martian Aphrodisiac VaporS, are under direct attack.

I Not realizing the significance of the AMA blitzkrieg of WP,,we Martians were content, for the time-being, not to confront the &h people’s army. What we did not foresee was the rapid destruction of, WP and a subsequent march against Martians. We (Martian Alliance .of Geographkrs & Planners) tried contacting Doug to offer our help (in a spatial context of course), but the A&IA intercepted all interplanetary and intraplane@ry mes- sages. Again, I cannot overemphasize the seriousness of_\@& .&uation. Another great man, Richard M. Nixon, was also not con- tacted in time!

The eti people cannot be allowed to develop B unified force. we (?) must cgn- @ue to divert and expend-their energies into

1 bottomless ideologies and meaningless rhetoric. We (MAGP) ,solemnIy swear,- to give our lives if necessary, to resurrect the fallen banner X ‘ ‘Wahlsten Psychology”\.~ (Restoring it tci its righti position of “es- teemed” reyerance .)

Confusion and n&comprehension must be restored to the ranks of the earth people’s

-my. At this very moment MAPA (Martian Avocado Pickers Association) workers are loading over-fipe- avocados into Dutch Boy shopping carts, preparing for the inevitable disruption of the Monday debate. (ntellig- ence reConnaissance.regretably itiormed us that WP isn’t worth a.Marxist hill of beans.) Our AVOCADO battle cry will strike fear into the bravest AMA heart.‘.Onc’e @ain, the banner of misconception will proudly fly over an “Aphrodisiacal Society.”

. Dan Mildos Vic~~haricetpOr, MAGP

Forest -*- --- I .contract -‘ -

* c

’ ‘We, as students of m: Marsha Forest, had been patiently Waiting to offer stident input on the renewal of her contract.‘ We have been recently informed that a recommenda- tic&or non-renewal of Dr. Forest’s contract has been made to the Dew of Arts, ‘Dean Minas .

Since the dept. of Human Retions obviously has no regard for student’s views on

’ the -quality of their education, we wish to express our shock and outrage at’this unde- moc&ic procedure.

We have all studied under her as students and are presently working with her as undergraduate teaching assistants, Dr. Forest’s t&.&ing has led us to a greater awareness of the forces operating in society and our role in refati& tp them. We feel that-this experience should be opkn to all students. The interest in the content of courses coupled with the

3ffectiveness of teaching are clearly demon- s&a&d in the iarge number df students-which are registered in her classes.

1

L

The 1975-76 undergraduate University of Waterloo calendar make,s the following \ statement atiut the H&an Relations de- p’&=tmerit, ‘The dep&r@nent and program are interdisciplinary in staff and scope; the a interdisciplinary effoq is centered about the concepts of development and change, individual change in dyadic and group situa- . tioris, change and organizational processes in groups and social change.”

With this statement abotit the Human Re- lations department in mind, we feel that an impor@nt aspect of the Human RFlations department would be lost should Dr. Forest’s contract not be renewed. -

In closing, we feel that this s&retive method of contract review is totally inade- quate and does not allow for the expression of stud&t’s views at all! We strongly urge that the retiommendation for the non- renewal of Dr. Forest’s contract b reviewed with input Tom all- people who- are ,directly

involved with Dr. Forest in the academic - community. This includes students! Deci- sioris which will affect the (iuality of education of students should not be ma& behind closed doors by persons who h&v&no direct contact with the students in the department or the professor in question. \ MarkWills + - . , Donna Wills John Staff&@ Paw GMbert Christopher Jones denn George Rich Maertens -L=mw-d - =-----

Contra;ct - I--_ -- review ‘- T-hi? is a copy of a letter sent by m&t of the studehts of Wuman Relations 252- course, to acting chairman-of the department, Dr. Arthur Weiner. _

We’understand that Dr. Marsha Forest’s contract is subject to reviiw at this time. As students of .Dr. Forest we feel we are in ’ perhaps the best possible position to jtidge her capabilities $nd performance as a teacher.

The-course conte- presented by Dr. Forest was challenging and was met with . enthusiastic response among the members of the class, We found her approach to, teaching,- including personal inv&ement which was generated; both stimulating and reties h- ing. We would look forward to the opportunity of pursuing further studies with Dr.

Forest “)ci to that’ end we heartily recommend that she and the University of Water- 190 enjoy the renewal of her teaching con- - tract. Pe#a laytor Robert Taylor I

Edward Haugew

Mark Gamble, , R&a Daley

Larry’ Banf ield Rudy Peters 1 F. Chan ’

Rbbett Stirling . COI-in Powell

Salah Bachiii ’ - Tim Obiekewe Nancy_Giovinazzo ’ C. Udeki . Donna Weber . Malcom , Barbara Sneyd %laky Browne

Students of HR 252 -

Mgmber: Canadian univer&y press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members of I the workers union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federation of students incorporated, university of Waterloo. Content’is the sole responSibility of the chevron-editorial St@. Off ices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, . or university local 2331. \ . c - , ’ j It snowed thisw+, so 1 guess that means that winter is here for real. somehow i have’never \ got@fmused to the Idea of winter 88.a natural phenomenon; it always strikes me aS a-sort of purgatory through which i must atone for my sins,of the summer. delighting in the ke and cold is - just-another one of those He quirks by which you can distinguish canadians from normal people. o forlhose tropical years when ice was something you found only in your gin and tonic and then only if the fm was working. cbvrics of the week; judy jansen, libby warFen; bob inkol, davjd anjo, denis andre (and family), john staff&d, goug wahlstefi, larry hannant, kathy bergen, Chris jones, georgeeibler, graham gee, georgs (omaga,ste~e mcmullan,grant macfarlane, dionyx

_

mcmichael, doug wad, mlchael go&~, d’epps (i think), diane ritza; syJvia hauck, henry hess, neil docherty and john morris. hh .

28 the chevron friday, novekber 28, 197

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