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Peter Kiewit Institute

RealReal--time Indoor Position time Indoor Position Tracking System using Tracking System using

Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)(WSN)

Yong Cho, Ph.D.Yong Cho, Ph.D.Construction System Dept., Univ. of NebraskaConstruction System Dept., Univ. of Nebraska--LincolnLincoln

Jon Jon YounYoun, Ph.D., Ph.D.Computer Science Dept., Univ. of NebraskaComputer Science Dept., Univ. of Nebraska--OmahaOmaha

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IntroductionIntroduction

Indoor position tracking system is a difficult Indoor position tracking system is a difficult challenge because of various obstructions: challenge because of various obstructions: walls, floors, ceiling, people. walls, floors, ceiling, people. –– GPS: line of sightGPS: line of sight

Latest Radio Frequency (RF) location Latest Radio Frequency (RF) location technology can provide up to 4technology can provide up to 4”” position position accuracy.accuracy.

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Current RF Location SystemsCurrent RF Location SystemsRFID Proximity Tag/CardRFID Proximity Tag/Card–– Active or passive devices activated by proximity to a readerActive or passive devices activated by proximity to a reader

IEEE802.11 SystemIEEE802.11 System–– 2.4GHz band2.4GHz band–– Estimating location by measuring signal strength dataEstimating location by measuring signal strength data–– Accuracy: about 9ftAccuracy: about 9ft

Bluetooth SystemBluetooth SystemUltra Wide Band (UWB) SystemUltra Wide Band (UWB) System–– Most promising technology for indoor useMost promising technology for indoor use–– No standardNo standard–– 5.85.8--7.2GHz band7.2GHz band–– Time of Flight or/and Angle of ArrivalTime of Flight or/and Angle of Arrival–– Accuracy (<1ft)Accuracy (<1ft)

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System Description at the PKISystem Description at the PKIFixed Sensor Node (receiver, or beacon)Fixed Sensor Node (receiver, or beacon)–– A minimum of four nodes requiredA minimum of four nodes required–– Installed to ceiling with known position (x,y,z)Installed to ceiling with known position (x,y,z)–– Connected to the Ethernet Cable for power supply Connected to the Ethernet Cable for power supply

and programming (Optional)and programming (Optional)

Portal Sensor Portal Sensor

• Data collection and programming via USB • Optional integrated temperature and

humidity sensor

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System Description at the PKISystem Description at the PKI

Programming Software Programming Software • MoteLab, • MySQL,• DBLogger

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DemonstrationDemonstration

Main computer at Lab office A student with a sensor connected to laptop

Portal sensor

Moving around a HallPosition tracking computer screen

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Position Tracking Graphical User InterfacePosition Tracking Graphical User Interface

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Commercial ProductsCommercial ProductsEkahau T201 Wi-Fi Tag

– 802.11b/g (2.4 GHz)

Multispectral Solutions’PAL650™

– UWB (6.2 GHz)

UWB TagReceiver (Ceiling Mounted) central processing Hub

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Commercial ProductsCommercial Products

UbisenseUbisense–– UWB (5.8UWB (5.8--7.8GHz)7.8GHz)–– UbisensorUbisensor ((8.25” x 2.75” x 5.2”)

–– Ubitag(Ubitag(2.2” x 3.6” x 0.4”)

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ApplicationsApplicationsAsset ManagementAsset Management–– Find the asset Find the asset –– Detect when the asset is being usedDetect when the asset is being used–– Inform a crew when the asset is freeInform a crew when the asset is free

Tools, equipment, room or person Tools, equipment, room or person

Intelligent Building InfrastructureIntelligent Building Infrastructure–– Automatically control lights and heating system based on Automatically control lights and heating system based on

the location of people.the location of people.–– SecuritySecurity

Automated camera system following specific people (e.g., visitorAutomated camera system following specific people (e.g., visitors)s)Alarm system triggered when an unauthorized person enters the Alarm system triggered when an unauthorized person enters the restrict arearestrict areaEmergency evacuation flow controlEmergency evacuation flow control

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Applications Applications (continue)(continue)

Automated Construction ProcessAutomated Construction Process–– Position assurance of major components being Position assurance of major components being

installedinstalled–– Efficient remote control of Efficient remote control of teletele--operated operated

machine (3D map space)machine (3D map space)–– Collision Avoidance (e.g., mobile carts, forklifts)Collision Avoidance (e.g., mobile carts, forklifts)–– Efficient supply and delivery cycle control Efficient supply and delivery cycle control

((QueueingQueueing) ) OthersOthers–– Patient position tracking with other body Patient position tracking with other body

condition detection condition detection –– Fire fighter position trackingFire fighter position tracking

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ConclusionsConclusions

Wireless sensor network technology has great Wireless sensor network technology has great potential for communications and positioning potential for communications and positioning applicationsapplications–– Few position tracking systems are fielded in Few position tracking systems are fielded in

construction to dateconstruction to date

UWB is the most promising technology for UWB is the most promising technology for indoor position tracking application indoor position tracking application developmentdevelopment

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