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CARDIO-

VASCULARPROBLEMSGROUP 1

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AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (AHA)STATISTICS (2002)

Cardiovascular disease counted for 38%of all deaths in the US.

There are more than 27 million Americanadults age 65 or older with some form ofCVD, making it a significant health

problem among the elderly.

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MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES:

1. HYPERTENSION (HTN)

2. CORONARY HEART DSE (CHD)

3. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)

4. STROKE

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HYPERTENSION

- high blood pressure

Blood pressure is determined by many

factors:

> condition of the heart and blood

vessels

(influence by age)

> essential HTN (no known cause)

> result from disease process

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RISK FACTORS:

Heredity

Race

Increased age

Sedentary lifestyle

Male gender

High Na intake

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Diabetes or renal diseaseHeavy alcohol consumption

Obesity

PregnancySome oral contraceptives

Some medications

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THIAZIDE diuretics and BETABLOCKERS

- often used drugs of

choice for the elderly whodo not have coexisting

medical conditions.

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STRATEGIES TO HELP ADULTS CONTROL

HTN

Limit alcohol intake to one drink per

day

Limit Na intake

Stop smoking

Maintain a low fat diet that still

contains adequate vitamins andminerals by adding leafy green

vegetables and fruits

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Do some type of aerobic activity nearlyevery day of the week

Lose weight (even 10 pounds may makea significant difference)

Have blood pressure checked regularly.Report any significant rise in the bld.Pressure to the physician.

Take medications as ordered. Do not skip

doses.

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Angina

Is the usually first symptoms in CAD ofolder adult

It often occurs related to exercise andcan be relieved 3-15 minutes by rest orNITROGLYCERIN

Classic presentation = squeezing chest

pain or pressure in the sternal area.

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Older adults with angina first complain of :

Dyspnea

Dizziness

Confusion versus classic chest pain

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Types of Angina Stable angina

- can be managed with medication and lifestylemodifications aimed at reducing the work loadon the heart and the accompanying oxygendemand

Unstable angina- Unpredictable with less pattern discernible

- Require hospitalization

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Other types:

PrinzmetalsAngina

Nocturnal Angina

Angina Decubitus

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Health teaching

teach patient and families about weightmanagement

Stress management

Limiting caffeine

Limit smoking

Exercise regimen

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BETA BLOCKERS and CALCIUM CHANNELBLOCKER

- are often prescribed to decrease theoxygen demand of the heart

SIDE EFFECTS of this drug :

Fatigue

Drowsiness

Dizziness

slow heart rate