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Design for EngineeringUnit 4

Instrumentation and Control in the Engineering Design Process

The Role of Instrumentation Control in the Engineering Design Process

The role of instrumentation control in the engineering design processis that of the system allowing the engineers to see and understand what isgoing on within all the different processes being used by the process in the

engineering design being tested. Instrumentation control could be comparedto the diagnostic equipment used by medical personnel to diagnose medicalconditions. Instrumentation control pro ides the necessary means to logdata and control machinery. This data allows the machinery to be monitoredand all necessary corrections can be made and where systems need to ha eimpro ements made to become more efficient. Instrumentation controlsallows new and better designs to be created. This is one of the conceptsused by automobile designers and manufacturers to create and redesignproducts.

There are two types of systems used to in many different types ofequipment! "pen#loop and closed#loop systems. $n open#loop system is asystem that lac%s a control mechanism and human inter ention is required.The closed#loop system is a system with a control mechanism that pro idescontrol without human inter ention.

To understand instrumentation control we must first understand thatit is based on the uni ersal system design. The uni ersal system design hasfour components& input! output! process! and feedbac%. This is an e'ample ofa closed loop system. The input is what goes into the system! the output is

the end product of the system! the process is how the output is created! andthe feedbac% is the control used to control the process.

())* +reg ,eit%ampThis material is based upon wor% supported by the -ational cience/oundation under +rant -o. )4)(*0*.1 $ny opinions! findings and conclusionsor recommendations e'pressed in this material are those of the author2s1and do not necessarily reflect the iew of the -ational cience /oundation2- /1.

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Process control has been present in many forms since the time ofthe ancient +ree%s who create fine metal cloc%wor% systems. $s thecenturies ha e past engineers ha e created the instrumentation and controlsystems that ha e spurred forward the industrial re olution and our modernday world. The systems ha e become ery efficient and require the eryminimum of human inter ention.

What does an Engineer need to know about Instrumentation andControl Systems

$n engineer needs to %now about the process that is to be studied!controlled or manipulated! what the normal range of operation should be! andthe instrumentation equipment to be used to control the process. The%nowledge of all the different processes to be included in a system allowsthe engineer to select or create the control system required for theminimum amount of human inter ention. The human element of the processcan not be totally eliminate since some must interpret the data collected andmaintain the monitoring equipment. E ery process requires an effort be

made to institute the right controls to assure safety. afety as ine erything else in life is a must for proper operating procedures. Thedecisions made in the design process and design changes are often based onthe data collected during the study of the system and the interpretationdone by the humans who analy3e the data collected.

What role does instrumentation and control systems play inmonitoring the en ironment and security of interest to society!

The role of instrumentation and control systems in the monitoring the

en ironment is a ery ital role. Instrumentation and control are use bywaste water treatment facilities to ma%e sure the waste water lea ing the

())* +reg ,eit%ampThis material is based upon wor% supported by the -ational cience/oundation under +rant -o. )4)(*0*.1 $ny opinions! findings and conclusionsor recommendations e'pressed in this material are those of the author2s1and do not necessarily reflect the iew of the -ational cience /oundation2- /1.

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facility is pure and clean and safe for human consumption and has le els ofany chemical found in that water to be low enough to not harm theen ironment of the natural habitat and life forms of that habitat. $t igtone outh Da%ota "ttertail Power Company operate a coal and tirederi ed power plant using the latest technology on instrumentation andcontrol from the EE5C located on the Uni ersity of -orth Da%ota to reduceemissions 667.

"ow can we bring real instrumentation and control systems into the

design laboratory!Using real instrumentation and control systems into the design

laboratory means we ha e to be willing to accept the need forinstrumentation and controls systems in the lab and be willing to implementthe use of the equipment. "ne of the systems easily adapted for laboratoryuse is the 8ab9IE: software used by many industries! -$ $! many schoolprogramming in ol ing instrumentation and processing! and it is the programthat runs in the bac%ground when we use 8E+" robots and the 5" "8$programming software in this classroom. There are many others types of

instrumentation and controls systems used. Using control systems allows forconsistent and repeatable results to be obtained. These results allowcompanies to get accurate information and create a better product.

"ow can we use instrumentation systems to ensure prototypes complywith design criteria!

The use of instrumentation equipment enables the designers to createa precise copy of their design by use of computeri3ed cutting equipment tocut the pieces to assemble as the design criteria calls for. The ability to use

such equipment helps the designers to be able to correct the flaws if theye'ist or ma%e other modifications to ma%e the design better.

())* +reg ,eit%ampThis material is based upon wor% supported by the -ational cience/oundation under +rant -o. )4)(*0*.1 $ny opinions! findings and conclusionsor recommendations e'pressed in this material are those of the author2s1and do not necessarily reflect the iew of the -ational cience /oundation2- /1.

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The use of instrumentation and control equipment gi e industry theability to better control all facets of their plant operations. 5egardless ofthe industry there are standards for air quality and pollution control amongthe many things that must be controlled and managed. Instrumentation andcontrol systems allow for constant monitoring of those systems and manyothers %eeping the plant operations within guidelines and help the plant tomaintain efficiency and smooth operations. $ll of theses systems wor% hand#in hand to pro ide many layers of feedbac% and control of ery comple'systems.

Instrumentation is the eyes and ears of the control system allowingthe operators to see what is going on within the plant or system beingcontrolled. This ability is not ;ust important to the real world but also thedesign laboratory since if we can see what is going on and determine how toma%e it operate more efficiently! with less wasted effort and energy! and agreater le el of safety and cost effecti eness thus creating a betterproduct. :ithout the eyes and ears of the control system we could notaccomplish this feat.

/or all of this communication to occur there must be a communication

loop to pro ide information to be relay from the probe to the control centerand bac% to effect the needed changes. :e need to ha e a source where theinformation is deri ed which would be our probe or sensor! an encoder totranslate the information into a form the system can understand! atransmitter to send the information to the control system! a recei er to getthe information sent from the transmitter a decoder to put the informationinto a usable form for the system! a storage system to %eep the informationuntil it is acted upon! a retrie al system to get the stored information! and adestination form the information to go to. The process is then re ersed to

get the information bac% to the de ice being regulated.

())* +reg ,eit%ampThis material is based upon wor% supported by the -ational cience/oundation under +rant -o. )4)(*0*.1 $ny opinions! findings and conclusionsor recommendations e'pressed in this material are those of the author2s1and do not necessarily reflect the iew of the -ational cience /oundation2- /1.

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Standards #ddressed$tandard (& Students will de elop an understanding of the core conceptsof technology%

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=& Technological %nowledge and processes are communicated using symbols!con entions! icons! graphic images! and languages that incorporate a arietyof isual! auditory! and tactile stimuli

())* +reg ,eit%ampThis material is based upon wor% supported by the -ational cience/oundation under +rant -o. )4)(*0*.1 $ny opinions! findings and conclusionsor recommendations e'pressed in this material are those of the author2s1and do not necessarily reflect the iew of the -ational cience /oundation2- /1.