HSTEU 302 - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/hsteu302/Enlightenment and...
Transcript of HSTEU 302 - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/hsteu302/Enlightenment and...
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Enlightenment
HSTEU 302
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An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump 1768, England Joseph Wright
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Robert Boyle
Air Pump 1658
Ability to create a
vacuum
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18th CENTURY ENLIGHTENMENT –
progressive intellectual & cultural movement
Themes: natural law, reason, optimism,
progress through applied knowledge
rejection of tradition, custom, religion, authority
Early Enlightenment:
extension of search for immutable "natural laws"
to society and morality;
rational, universal standards opposed to
customs and traditions, especially religion
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Voltaire
Francois
Marie
Arouet
1694-1778
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VOLTAIRE:
central figure of French Enlightenment;
anti-clerical and Deist
DEISM: philosophical, religious position based on
Creator or "clockmaker" God
who creates universe, gives it natural laws, but
does not interfere in his Creation
no miracles, no prayer, no personal devotion;
abstract concept of God
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Voltaire
At 41
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Voltaire’s Villa at Ferney
across the Swiss border
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Denis
Diderot
Editor of
L'Encyclopédie.
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ENCYCLOPÉDIE:
intellectual project of French philosophes
to compile all rational useful knowledge
in one massive, multi-volume compendium;
Diderot, editor: imprisoned by royal censors
publication in Netherlands
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The
ENCYCLOPEDIA
or
A Systematic
Dictionary of the
SCIENCES, Arts
and Professions
By a Society of
Men of Letters
Paris 1751
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Weights
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Bookbinding
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Bookbinding
Tools
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1740 Invasion of Silesia
by
Frederick II of Prussia
province taken from
Hapsburgs Austria-Hungary
beginning of
War of the Austrian
Succession 1740-1748
triggered by the accession
of Maria Theresa, first female
ruler of Hapsburg dynasty
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Voltaire
in old age
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Voltaire at 41
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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Rousseau in
Armenian dress
by Scottish painter
Allan Ramsay
while in exile in
Scotland with
David Hume
1766
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French salons and women as
salonnières
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Salon des
Dames 17th C
Aristocratic,
courtly setting
Bosse
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A reading of Molière, Jean François de Troy, about 1728.
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A reading in the Salon of Madame Geoffrin 1755
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Portrait of Mme Geoffrin, salonnière, by Marianne Loir
wife of a major French financier.
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Madame Necker,
Wife of Jacques
Necker, the
Controller –
General of
Finance 1777-81
and Parisian
salonnière
Mother of
Madame de Stael --
writer during French
Revolution
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Marquise Emilie
du Châtelet
1706-1749
Mathematician and
physicist
Translator of Newton’s
Principia Mathematica
from Latin to French
Voltaire’s mistress
and collaborator
1733- 1748
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Frontispiece
to Voltaire’s
<Elements of
Newton's Philosophy>
1738
du Châtelet appears
as Voltaire's muse,
reflecting Newton's
heavenly knowledge
to Voltaire.