HSPA_Wimax

7/30/2019 HSPA_Wimax

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1 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date

For internal use

Broadband Wireless Solutions


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Contents

Introduction

HSPA Technology

Rel6, Rel7 and LTE capabilities

I-HSPA solution

WiMAX Technology

WiMax Architecture OFDM Basics

Comparison of HSPA, LTE and WiMax


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Full Mobility Of Data & Voice

3G Evolution (WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA,3.9G)

Mobile Data

Internet-HSPAWiMAX e-version

Fixed Data

DSLWLAN

Fixed

Fully

Mobile

What is on Demand


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Market needs

High Speed Internet Access/Browsing

Voice over IP

High speed VPN connectivity

Streaming Video on Demand

Streaming Live TV

Music and Photo Download

File Download/Upload

Multi Party Gaming

Location based services

Video telephony

Video Sharing


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Mapping of Services to preferred speed


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Consumer and enterprise demand for broadband wireless growing quickly

Internet usage continues to grow, fuelling fixed broadband

Take-up of WLAN stimulates interest in wireless broadband

Introduction of new device categories, like Nokia 770 Internet Tablet

New and evolved applications (e.g. e-mail, online gaming) demand higher dataspeeds

New radio technologies enable faster business connectivity and faster content

download

Broadband Wireless Access demand growing

Nokia 770


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Introduction: Mobile Broadband Growth Prediction


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What can be done to meet Demands

GSMWCDMA

CDMA

Flarion Flash-OFDM

WiMAX (802.16-2005)

NxEV-DO

3.9 GHSPA

EV-DO rev. A, Rev B

I-HSPA

UMTS-TDD

WLAN (unlicensed)

EDGE Evolution

WiMAX (802.16-2004)

05 06 07 08 09 10


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Wireless Approaches


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Data Traffic in 2G network

The mobile industry has expected data tornado since the birth of GPRS, but theshare of packet data traffic in 2G network was typically


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Data access through Mobile

HSDPA Usage


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0

200

400

600

800

10001200

1400

20061009

20061016

20061023

20061030

20061106

20061113

20061120

20061127

20061204

20061211

20061218

20061225

20070101

20070108

20070115

GB/day

HSDPA has Brough Fast Traffic Growth PacketData Dominates over Voice

>1200 GB/day

traffic

HSDPA traffic volume 3

x more than 3G voice

traffic

Operator 1

Operator 2 Operator 3

HSDPA traffic exceeds

voice volume 1000 GB/day traffic

and busy hour traffic >0.3 Gbps

and >500 MB/sub/month


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Evolution of 3GPP family of standards


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For internal use

HSPA Technology


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HSPA Technology


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HSPA

High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of mobile

telephony protocols that extend and improve the performance ofexisting UMTS protocols

Two standards : HSDPA and HSUPA

HSDPA: provides improved down-link performance of up to 14.4Mbit/s theoretically ( 3GPP Rel5 onwards)

HSUPA: provides improved uplink performance of up to 5.76 Mbits/stheoretically (3GPP Rel6 onwards)


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HSPA Peak Data Rate

14 Mbps

0.4 Mbps

14 Mbps

5.7 Mbps

3GPP R5 3GPP R6

S


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HSPA Peak Data Rate Evolution

HSPA data rate increases with 2x2 MIMO and higher order

modulation(64 QAM) up to 42 Mbps in downlink and 11 Mbps inuplink

14 Mbps

0.4 Mbps

14 Mbps

5.7 Mbps

42 Mbps

11 Mbps

3GPP R5 3GPP R6 3GPP R7


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3GPP LTE: Long Term Evolution

LTE further increases the data rate with larger bandwidth of 20 MHz

LTE is based on OFDM as the access method

14 Mbps

0.4 Mbps

14 Mbps

5.7 Mbps

42 Mbps

11 Mbps

170 Mbps

50 Mbps

3GPP R5 3GPP R6 3GPP R7 3GPP R8

HSPA D l t S h d l


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HSPA Deployment Schedule

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Commercial

3GPP schedule

3GPP R6 3GPP R83GPP R7

3GPP R5 3GPP R6 3GPP R7 3GPP R8

20032002

3GPP R5

HSUPA commercial 2007

HSPA evolution commercial 2008-2009LTE commercial 2010 and beyond


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Network Architecture Evolution

3GPP R7, LTE : Change in NW Architecture


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Architecture Evolution (Packet Domain)

GGSN

RNC

Node-B

HSPA R6

= control plane

= user plane

GGSN

SGSN

Node-B

with RNCfunct.

HSPA R7

SGSN

UPE

eNode-B

LTE R8

1-tunnel

Internet HSPA

MME

a-GW

Ciphering + IP headercompression in Node-B


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For internal use

I-HSPA

Architecture Evolution: Flat Architecture


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HSPA R6

GGSN

RNC

Node-B

SGSN

HSPA R7

GGSN

SGSN

Internet-HSPA

= control plane

= user plane

Node-B

Radio protocol and

common channel

overhead

RNC adds controland user plane delay

More elements

scalability issues

with traffic growth

Efficient transport

Lower latency

Simple scalability

Standardized in

Release 7

Same topology as

LTE and WiMAX

I HSPA is Part of 3GPP Release 7


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I-HSPA is Part of 3GPP Release 7

3GPP Release 7 specifies flat architecture for HSPA

The flat architecture is based on so called architecture Alternative 2 where RNCfunctionalities are located in Node-B (=internet-HSPA)

The flat architecture has only minor impact to 3GPP standardization

A change to RANAP specification to extend the RNC-ID to allow it to be longerthan 4096 values

A description in a Technical Report of how existing 3GPP functionalities can beused to allow UE mobile-originated and mobile-terminated CS call re-direction

i HSPA Provides High Capacity


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i-HSPA Provides High Capacity

i-HSPA network with 1500 sites has throughput capability of100 Gbps

There are Nokia RANs today where the busy hour traffic is already >0.3 Gbps, and

HSDPA has just started

i-HSPA adapter

supports 65 Mbps

RNC

What would be the cost

of 100 Gbps RNC?

Maximum networkthroughput 65 Mbps x

1500 = 100 Gbps

Release 7 i-HSPA

network

Release 6 HSPA

network

i-HSPA Provides High Peak Data Rates


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i-HSPA Provides High Peak Data Rates

i-HSPA network adapter is ready for HSPA evolution 40 Mbps peak

rate

i-HSPA networkStandard HSPA

network

Node-B

Can RNC provide 40

Mbps per user?

Peak user throughput

>40 Mbps

RNC

i-HSPA adaptersupports 65 Mbps

i-HSPA Improves E1 Efficiency up to 50%


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i-HSPA Improves E1 Efficiency up to 50%

3GPP R6 HSPA architecture requires overhead in Iub transport

Node-B control signalling and common channels, approx 300 kbps

3GPP L2, ATM, AAL2 and Frame protocol, approx 35%

3GPP R7 i-HSPA architecture has clearly higher efficiency in last mile transport

RNCBTS

GGSNBTS

= user plane

= overhead

3GPP R6 HSPA architecture

3GPP R7 i-HSPA architecture

1.8 Mbps user plane

1 x E1

i-HSPA Summary


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i HSPA Summary

The world is going towards flat architecture (WiMAX, LTE). i-HSPA providesLTE network topology with HSPA radio

i-HSPA is standardized in 3GPP Release 7

Nokias I-HSPA overlay solution effectively utilizes the existing 3G and 2Ginfrastructure. Nokia overlay I-HSPA is designed for multi-vendor environment.

i-HSPA enables lower latency with less network elements

i-HSPA has lower opex with up to 50% more efficient transport and less network

elementsi-HSPA has lower capex with only two network elements in user plane

i-HSPA is ready for R7 40 Mbps user rates and >>100 Gbps network capacity


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For internal use

WiMAX

Wimax Introduction


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Current Wireless

Approaches

Wireless LANS CellularBroadband Wireless

Access

Enterprise & Hotspots

Fixed

High Data Rates

Data Only

Successful Deployment

Outdoor/Indoor

Mobile

Medium Data Rates

Voice & Data

Successful Deployment

Outdoor

Fixed

High Data Rates

Mostly Data

Very Low Deployment

WiM


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WiMax

WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is an association/forum that

promotes broadband wireless technology defined by IEEE 802.16 committee.

802.16 defined radio interface, it does not define end-to-end network architecture.. The

WiMax forum has defined such an architecture which is an ALL-IP based network.

Another key role of the WiMax forum is to act as the certification and verification body for

vendor equipment. To ensure interoperability, the WiMax forum must ensure thatmanufacturers implement a certain set of features defined in 802.16. The WiMax forum

defines the system profile which defines all the features that must be integrated by all the

equipment manufacturers.

IEEE 802 16


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IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802 is known for defining LAN standards and supporting technologies. These include

Ethernet, WLAN (WiFi) which was defined by 802.11 subcommittee. IEEE 802 has accepted the

additional responsibility of defining broadband Wireless technology for use as backhaul & fixed

wireless access.

The 802.16 subcommittee has been tasked with defining BWA technology for fixed, portable &

mobile applications. 802.16 has defined both Point To Point (PTP) and Point To Multipoint (PMP)

systems. These access technologies are designed as an alternative to wireline broadband

technologies

What is WiMax


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"WiMAX is not a technology, but rather a certification mark, or'stamp of approval'given to equipment thatmeets certain conformity and interoperability tests for theIEEE 802.16 family of standards.

A similar confusion surrounds the term Wi-Fi, which like WiMAX, is a certificationmark for equipment based on a different set ofIEEE standards from the 802.11working group for wireless local area networks (WLAN).

Neither WiMAX, nor Wi-Fi is a technology but their names have been adopted inpopular usage to denote the technologies behind them. This is likely due to the

difficulty of using terms like 'IEEE 802.16' in common speech and writing."

What is WiMax

Wimax standards


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802.16e standard is flexible and has many implementation options

System profiles defines set of mandatory and optional featuresselected from the options set by the standard

WiMAX Forum

WiMax Quick Overview


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WiMAX is a TDD /FDD system

With various carrier bandwidth and frequency re-use options

Frequency bands for WiMAX:

2.5 / 2.6 GHz (licensed)

3.5 GHz (licensed)

5.8 GHz (unlicensed)

Amount of spectrum needed:

Min. 10 MHz, up to 15 30 MHzTypical cell ranges @ 2.5 GHz:

500 m 1.5 km, for suburban and urban with indoor coverage

Estimated aggregate data rates:

2.7 Mbps per sector for 10 MHz carrier

8 Mbps per sector in case of 3x 10 MHz carrier used Theoretical peak rate: 70 Mbps in case of 20 MHz carrier used

Network architecture:

IP based, but still to be specified in detail by WiMAX Forum

Wimax radio summary


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y

Based on OFDMA

Bandwidth divided into several sub carriers (tones)

Sub channel= set of sub carriers

Adaptive Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM

Different deployment options bring flexibility

Feature Deployment optionsUsed spectrum 2.3, 2.5, 3.3, 3.5, etc. GHz

Bandwidth 1.25 20 MHz

Duplex TDD or FDD

Sub channel/frequency

reuse

1/3, 1/4 , 1 (PUSC/FUSC)

Wimax Spectrum Allocation Region wise


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p g

Wimax spectrum will be allocated to operators by

national regulator

Preliminary Wimax Forum Certification Profiles focus on

licensed 2.5 & 3.5GHz bands

3G extension main target for 2.5 GHz band in Europe,

10Mhz guard band on both side of a 50 MHz band.

23052

320

MHz

23452

360

MHz

33003

400

MHz

Class 43.3 GHz

24962

690

MHz

34003

600

MHz

(lower)

Band class 53.5 GHz

Supported in Nokia Release 1

Future Candidate

RegionMain frequencybands planned

Europe 2.5, 3.5 GHzNorth America 2.5 GHzLatin America 2.5, 3.5 GHzChina 3.5 GHzIndia 3.3 GHzKorea 2.3-2.4 GHzAfrica, Middle East 2.5, 3.5 GHz

APAC 2.5, 3.5 GHz

Class 1: 2.3-2.4 GHzClass 2: 2.305-2.320, 2.345-2.360

GHz

24002

483.

5MHz

WiFi 2.4 GHz

Band class 32.5 GHz

36003

800

MHz

(upper)

WiMax Network Architecture


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Station can be mobile or static depending upon the subscriber profileAccess Service Network contains network functions needed to provide access to a wimaxsubscriber. These include layer 2 connectivity, transfer of authentication, accounting

messages to the home Nstwork Service Provider, Layer 3 relay function and radio resource

management. The ASN comprises ofBase Station and ASN Gateway

Connectivity Service Network provides IP connectivity to the WIMAX subscribers. Its

functions include allocation of IP addresses to the mobiles, internet access, Access,

Authorization and Accounting services as well as inter ASN mobility and subscribers profile

WiMax Network Architecture


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BS

BS

ASN GW

ASN

R6

Internet

MSS

R3

BS

BS

ASN GW

ASN

R6

R8

R4

R1

R8

MSS

R1

AAAServer

CSNRouter CSN

DHCPServer

DNS

ServerHA

AAAServer

CSNRouter CSN

DHCPServer

DNSServerHA

R2

Application Service

Provider

Application ServiceProvider

Visited CSN

R5

IEEE802.16e Specs vs WiMAX Forum Profiles
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/ASN%20and%20CSN%20Explanation.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/ASN%20and%20CSN%20Explanation.ppt


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80 6e Specs s o u o es

Bandwidth 1.25 20 MHz 5 10 MHz

Cyclic prefix 1/32 1/8

Frame length 2-20 ms 5 ms

HARQ methods CC and IR CC

802.16e WiMAX profiles

Uplink modulationQPSK, 16QAM,

64QAMQPSK, 16QAM

MIMO withPUSC/FUSC

With PUSC and FUSC With PUSC

MIMO method Open and closed loop Open loop

WiMAX Forum profiles define the practical system parameters

WiMAX Spectrum Requirements


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WiMAX is recommended to be deployed with reuse 3

Minimum spectrum 5 MHz per sector

15 MHz in totalPreferred spectrum 10 MHz per sector to achieve higher data ratesand higher capacity 30 MHz in total

5 MHz

5 MHz5 MHz

Minimum 15 MHz

10 MHz

10 MHz10 MHz

Recommended 30 MHz


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For internal use

OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFDM Technology


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OFDM stands for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

The concept is similar to FDMA where a transmitter is capable oftransmitting simultaneous narrow band signals (subcarriers)

FDMSpread your data on sub-bands, data is correct on all the good sub-bands

Avoid interference between the sub-band signals: Orthogonal Sub-carrier spacing = 1/symbol duration

The narrowband signals are advantageous in a multipathenvironment due to smaller bandwidth

More resistant to frequency selective fading

Longer coherence time

Simplified example of OFDM and QPSK


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10 11 01 10 00 01 11

Seven (serial) 2-bit symbolsSymbol duration 2 s

14 s

p p Q

OFDM is a multicarrier system, where data is transmitted in parallel usingseveral carriers at the same time. Each carrier is modulated with digital

modulation like QPSK or 16QAM.Example: 7-carrier OFDM using QPSK:

11

01

00

10

01

11

10

Bit stream, 1 bit/s, 14 bits10110110000111

14 s

Division to two bitgroups (symbols)

14s

Serial toparallel

conversion

11

01

00

10

01

11

10

14s

QPSK modulation to 7 carriersOFDM symbol duration 14 s

Seven (parallel) 2-bit symbolsSymbol duration 14 s

OFDM Basics (1)


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OFDM Basics (2)


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OFDM Basics (3)


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OFDM Basics (4)


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OFDM Basics (5)


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OFDM Basics (6)


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OFDM Basics (7)


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Power and Bandwidth of OFDM


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Power

frequency

bandwidth

The subcarriers aredensely packed in a

controlled manner

The throughput is the sum of the data rates ofeach individual (or used) subcarriers while the power

is distributed to all used subcarriers

Sub channel in WiMax


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The primary goal of OFDM system is to avoid interferencebetween users in same cell and minimising interference

between different cells.Since BS is responsible for subcarrier allocation both in DL

& UL hence, 802.16 specifies the use of subchannel.

A subchannel has a group of subcarriers that might be

adjacent or distributed.The subcarriers are grouped into subchannels in different

ways : -

Partial Usage of Subcarriers (PUSC)

Full Usage of subcarrier (FUSC).

WiMAX Reuse with PUSC/FUSC


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Partial use of subcarriers (PUSC) Part of subcarriers used

PUSC reduces peak data rate

Full use of subcarriers (FUSC) All subcarriers used FUSC provides maximum bit rates

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

PUSC-3 FUSC

f1

f2

f3

Preferred Bandwidths


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The preferred bandwidth for Release-1 (Nokia) are:

5 MHz NFFT=512

7 MHz NFFT=1024

10 MHz NFFT=1024

For scalable OFDMA, the preferred bandwidths are:

5 MHz NFFT=512

10 MHz NFFT=1024

20 MHz NFFT=2048 (not yet)


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Peak Data Rates in Theory

HSPA and WiMAX peak rates are similar

LTE has highest peak data rates due to 2x20 MHz spectrum


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HSPA FDD4 WiMAX TDD1 LTE FDD

8.6 Mbps

4.1 Mbps 5 Mbps

-

8.3 Mbps

19 Mbps- -

38 Mbps

1Downlink:uplink ratio 1.6:1.02Downlink with 64QAM and 5/6 coding3Uplink with 16QAM and coding4HSPA 3GPP R7 assumed

Uplink3

HSPA FDD4 WiMAX TDD1 LTE FDD

2x3.5 (1x7) MHz - 28 Mbps -

2x5 (1x10) MHz

-

40 Mbps 36 Mbps

2x10 (1x20) MHz - - 72 Mbps

Downlink 2x2MIMO2

= typical bandwidth

2x2.5 (1x5) MHz

35 Mbps

20 Mbps 18 Mbps

- 5.5 Mbps -

2x20 MHz - - 144 Mbps

2x3.5 (1x7) MHz

2x5 (1x10) MHz

2x10 (1x20) MHz

2x2.5 (1x5) MHz

2x20 MHz

-

10 Mbps

-

Peak Data Rates in Nokia Products


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HSPA has started 2 years before WiMAX

WiMAX will have higher peak data rate than HSPA during 2008

2006 2007 2008 2009+

DL: 10 Mbps

UL: 1.5 Mbps

DL: 14 Mbps

UL: 5.8 Mbps

DL: 42 Mbps

UL: 11 Mbps

NokiaHSPA

2x5 MHz

DL: 20 Mbps

UL: 3.5 Mbps

DL: 40 Mbps

UL: 7 Mbps

NokiaWiMAX

1x10MHz

DL: 3.6 Mbps

UL: 0.4 Mbps

Spectral Efficiency Benchmarking

S ff f S


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Similar spectral efficiency for HSPA evolution and WiMAX

LTE provides 50% higher efficiency than HSPA or WiMAX

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

HSPA R6(TU channel) HSPA R6(Vehicular A) HSPA R7MIMO +

64QAM +

equalizer

WiMAXreuse 3

(29:18 TDD)

LTE

bps/H

z/cell

Downlink

Uplink

Cell Throughput Benchmarking

WiMAX TDD 29 18 t d li k li k


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WiMAX TDD assumes 29:18 asymmetry downlink : uplink

HSPA and LTE assume FDD

Throughput with 2 x 15 MHz

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

HSPA R6 (TU

channel)

HSPA R6

(Vehicular A)

HSPA R7

MIMO +

64QAM +

equalizer

WiMAX reuse

3 (29:18 TDD)

LTE

Mbps

Uplink

Downlink

WiMAX has Coverage Challenge


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High deployment frequency at 2.5 or 3.5 GHz

Time division duplex (TDD)

Lower mobile power levels (OFDM backoff)

HSPA

2100 MHzSpectrum

WiMAX

2500 MHz

250 mWTypical mobile power 200 mW2

Coverage effect

4 dB

1 dB

1

Uplink average power reduction with downlink:uplink split2OFDMA required backoff

Total 9 dBFDDDuplexing TDD (29:18) 4 dB1

Cell Range Rural Indoor with 95% Probability


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0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

HSPA900

HSPA2100

WiMAX 2500 TDD

WiMAX 3400 TDD

km

UplinkDownlink

Assumptions:

80 m BTS antenna

15 dB indoor loss

95% location probability

Correction factor -15 dB 1.5 m CPE antenna height

0 dBi CPE antenna gain

Cell Range Rural Outdoorwith 95% Probability


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0 10 20 30 40 50 60

HSPA900

HSPA2100

WiMAX 2500 TDD

WiMAX 3400 TDD

km

Uplink

Downlink

Assumptions:

80 m BTS antenna

No indoor loss

95% location probability

Correction factor -15 dB

2.5 m CPE antenna height

8 dBi CPE antenna gain

Evolution of Mobile Technology Capabilities

WiMAXTDD8 10

HSPA R7LTE R8

FDD8 2 20WCDMAGSM WLAN


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Theoretical peak bit rate inideal case DL/UL1

44 / 7Mbps

TDD8 10MHz9

42 / 11Mbps

HSPA R7(HSPA+)

Latency (round trip) 30 ms30 ms

Spectral efficiency dataDL/UL [bps/Hz/cell]2

1.53 / 0.631.4 / 0.6

170 / 50Mbps

FDD8 2x20MHz

10 ms

2.1 / 0.9

14 / 5Mbps

WCDMAHSPA R6

50 ms

0.7 / 0.4

Max path loss 1 Mbps / 64kbps6

153 dB162 dB 162 dB162 dB

Spectrum 2300, 2500,3500850, 900, 1700,

1700/2100,1900, 2100

12x2 MIMO assumed in downlink for HSPA R7, WiMAX and LTE, but not in uplink. No MIMO for EDGE and HSPA R6. 2x2 MIMO in 802.11n2Full buffer simulations with 2-antenna terminals in urban macro cells. EDGE R6 with 1-antenna terminals.3Frequency reuse 34CS voice. GSM R6 with 1-antenna and GSM R7 given with 1 and 2-antenna terminals. GSM HR 4.75-7.4 kbps, WCDMA 7.95 kbps, cdmaEVRC5VoIP with 2-antenna terminals. Uplink limited. AMR 7.95 kbps6

1 Mbps downlink and 64 kbps uplink with 18 dBi BTS antenna without body loss. GSM value for voice with body loss. Beamforming gain wouldincrease the max path loss73GPP technologies at 850/900 band, WiMAX at 2500 band and WLAN at 2400 band.8LTE includes also TDD mode and WiMAX also FDD mode9Downlink:uplink split 2:110The peak user rate is approx 50% of these L1 rates, so 25-30 Mbps. That peak user rate is shared between uplink and downlink due to TDDstructure. 802.11n with 2x2 MIMO and 40 MHz bandwidth at 5 GHz band.

Spectral efficiency voice[users/MHz/cell]

185305 45555184235

Cell range in urban area(indoor outdoor)7

850, 900, 1700,1700/2100,1900, 2100

850, 900, 1700,1700/2100,1900, 2500

0.4 / 0.4Mbps

GSMEDGE R6

150 ms

0.4 / 0.4

162 dB(voice)

850, 900, 1800,1900

184

2.87.4 km

54 Mbps10260Mbps10

WLAN802.11g/n

HSPA_Wimax

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