Hse nixon 2
-
Upload
anastasia-yakunina -
Category
Documents
-
view
44 -
download
2
Transcript of Hse nixon 2
Richard M. Nixon’s Historic Trip to the U.S.S.R.: An Analysis of
Internal White House Documents
Maureen C. Minielli, Ph.D.
The City University of New York
New York, NY
July 2015
Rhetoric
Public Communication Presidential Rhetoric
CrisisRichard Nixon
Rhetorical Theory Rhetorical Criticism
Knowledge Fields
Argumentation Persuasion History Political Science
Linguistics Mediated
Communication Psychology Sociology
Conference Paper
Archival Research Summit Preparations Agreements and Issues Power and Control Conclusions, Limitations, & Future Research
Areas
Conference Paper
Summit PreparationsUS DelegationMedia PersonnelEarly May US military activities in Southeast
Asia
Conference Paper
Power and Control Control
Soviets & TransportationUS & Summit Agreement TimingUSSR/US & the Media
Domestic Political CapitalNixon & the upcoming Presidential electionSoviets & Equality with the US
Archival Research
Millions of documents available 25 used for paper Information Availability
Removed“Sanitized”Full
Quick Historical Review
Announces Visit to China July 1971 Announces Visit to the U.S.S.R. October
1971 Visits China February 1972 Visits the U.S.S.R. May 1972
Summit Preparations: Media Personnel US 250 Soviets 100 Final 160
100 journalists60 crew
Bypass Russian Embassy in Washington DC
Summit Preparations: Media Personnel The administration should pay attention to
which press would go to Moscow because “The plane might fill up with strangers. The
White House Press Corps is full of snobs, and if you have a bunch of strangers in their midst, it’s going to be hard on everybody. And, as you are aware, the President prefers to deal with familiar faces” (Whelihan for Ziegler, April 20, 1972).
Summit Agreements & Issues: USSR-China-US Relationships Soviets
Highly suspicious Suspect secret agreements
US National Interest World Peace
Advice Be straightforward
Summit Agreements & Issues: USSR-China-US Relationships Soviet suspicions
Correct Wrong area
Triangulation (Minielli & Hazen 2013)
1969 - 1972 Issues Briefing Book
“The Soviets have little influence in Hanoi when it comes to basic issues of a settlement or military strategy.”
Power & Control: Brezhnev
20 April Memo – Using Soviet AirplanesNixon aides speculate
Soviets insist Nixon use Soviet plane
Would be nice to use Boeing 747Doubts Russians “will allow it to come over
because they don’t want to admit to its constituents that others have and can build planes that big”
Pappas, 2015
ConclusionsHistorical Research
Explains thoughts & actionsFills in gapsInsight how & why decisions
madeAdd to existing literature
Pappas, 2015
Paper LimitationsIncomplete Research
More to StudyLots of mundane memos
Unavailable DocumentsCensorship
Selected References
Department of State Briefing Memorandum. May 1972. Nixon to USSR 4 of 4. Ronald Ziegler,Box 36. Staff Member and Office Files. White House Special Files; Richard M.
NixonPapers; Richard M. Nixon Library, Yorba Linda, CA.
Memorandum for Henry Kissinger from the President. March 11, 1972. Memos-March 1972. Box 3. President’s Personal File. Staff Member and Office Files. White House SpecialFiles; Richard M. Nixon Papers; Richard M. Nixon Library, Yorba Linda, CA.
Bruce Whelihan Memorandum for Ron Ziegler. May 11, 1972. Phone Call to Tim Elbourne – 5/11/72. Plans. Soviet Summit, May 1972. Ronald Ziegler, Box 39. Staff Member and Office Files. White House Special Files; Richard M. Nixon Papers; Richard M. Nixon Library, Yorba Linda, CA
Bruce Whelihan Memorandum for Ron Ziegler. April 20, 1972. USSR trip – Press list. Press
Cont. Soviet Summit, May 1972. Ronald Ziegler, Box 39. Staff Member and Office
Files. White House Special Files; Richard M. Nixon Papers; Richard M. Nixon Library,
Yorba Linda, CA.