HSARPA Chemical Countermeasures - HSDL

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October 31st, 2005Cynthia Mahan Chemical Countermeasures Overview

HSARPA Chemical Countermeasures

Dr. Cynthia A. MahanProgram [email protected]

7th Annual Technologies for Critical Incident Preparedness

Tools for Weapons of Mass Destruction 1: Chemical/Radiological/Nuclear

October 31, 2005


HSARPA Mission

Satisfy operational needs

Conduct rapid prototyping and commercial adaptation

Research revolutionary options

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DHS Systems Characteristics

“Zero” false positives at the system level

Affordability is a performance characteristic;

• “If it’s not affordable…zero performance”

System matches regional needs• Tailored to existing

vulnerabilities, governments, methods of operations and legacy systems

Cannot mandate Federal solutions


Terrorist Interest in Chemical Weapons

Aum Shinrikyoattacks on Matsumotoand Tokyo1994-95

Videos, documentsin Afghanistan

linked to Al-Qaeda

Chemical laboratoryand WMD manuals found

in Fallujah

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SITE Publications

Jihadist Forum Member Advocates a Chemical Weapon Attack on the Washington Metro Subway System

By SITE Institute

August 11, 2005

A member of a password-protected al-Qaeda affiliated message board provided the map of the Washington Metro subway system today, August 11, 2005, in addition to advocating an attack with chemical weapons upon this system to achieve “amazing results.” The author states that executing attacks within Saudi Arabia is “probably not effective,” so to ensure a “true effect in the world” attacks must be launched upon American soil with similar impactto that “done by Mohammad Atta.”A full translation of the message is provided to our Intel Service members.


The Chemical Threat Spectrum

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) • Mustard (HD)• Nerve agents (G, V)

Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) • Large array of materials• Reasonably accessible• Priority list based on availability, transport, health effects

Low Vapor Pressure Compounds

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Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs)Example

262Sulfur dioxide7446-09-5 74.56Hydrogen chloride7647-01-0

140.42Phosphorus trichloride7719-12-2 24.56Formaldehyde50-00-0

69.52Phosphine7803-51-21,441.41Ethylene oxide75-21-8

8.09Phosgene75-44-516.97Diborane19287-45-7

962.3Phenol 108-95-2N/ACyanogen chloride506-77-4

37.63Nitrogen dioxide10102-44-069.33Boron trifluoride7637-07-2

64.43Nitric Acid 7697-37-21,597.41Benzene71-43-2

10Methyl parathion / Parathion624-83-99.56Arsine7784-42-1

27-200Methyl chloride / Chlorine gas74-87-3208.96Ammonia7664-41-7

139.37Hydrogen sulfide7783-06-4 184.47Acrylonitrile107-13-1

55.27Hydrogen cyanide74-90-84.95Acrolein107-02-8

IDLH (mg/m3)Chemical CompoundsCas. RNIDLH (mg/m3)Chemical CompoundsCas. RN


Major Program Emphasis

RESPONSERESPONSE RECOVERYRECOVERY

PREVENTIONPREVENTIONAutonomous Rapid Facility Chemical Agent Monitor (ARFCAM)

Low Vapor Pressure Chemical Detection Systems (LVPCDS)

Domestic Municipal End-to-End Water Study

SBIR (Chlorine)

PROTECTIONPROTECTIONLightweight Autonomous ChemicalIdentification System (LACIS)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)SBIR (LVP)

Portable High-throughput IntegratedLaboratory Identification System (PHILIS)

SBIR (Decontamination)

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RA-03-1 TTA-3PHILIS Desired Attributes

Performance Targets• Ability to prepare analyze and report on at least 1,000 (vapor,

liquid, solid, mixed state) samples per 24 hrs operation• Identification of all chemical agents and TICs present within a given

sample above the EPA permissible exposure level (PEL)• Automated sample tracking, processing, waste analyses, and data

output, and identification of samples requiring re-analysis when they have tested positive for selected analytes

System Characteristics• Self-contained mobile unit (e.g., a typical delivery van)

• Fully operational < 2 hrs or less of arrival at an incident location

• Requires no interfacing with local facilities other than for waste handling (on board power)

• Relies on commercially available consumables and components


CONCEPTS

Portable High-throughput Integrated Laboratory Identification System (PHILIS)

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RA-03-1 TTA-3

Objective: Develop, demonstrate, and commercialize a networked capability to detect, and to notify the presence of up to twenty toxic chemical hazards for facility protection “Detect to Protect”

Autonomous Rapid Facility Chemical Agent Monitor(ARFCAM)


ARFCAM Desired AttributesPerformance Targets

• Continuous & Fully Autonomous in any building (fully or partially enclosed) and environment (10-60ºC and 0-90% RH)

• Broad Compound Coverage: 20 TICs and CWAs• Detection Range Spanning IDLH (≤ 1 min) and PEL (≤ 15 min)• System False Alarm Rate

• fn< 5%• fp< 1/year

• Preventative Maintenance Cycle > once/6 months

System Characteristics• Cost: $1000 per detector in system• Annual cost of consumables: $50/per detector• Service life ≥ 3 years

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100 µm

4-element microhotplate array

fast T program

DHS HSARPA TTA-3 ARFCAM ProjectPerformer: Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, NISTPI: S. Semancik

“Solid State MEMS Microsensor Arraysfor Detecting Dangerous Chemicals”

None ACN AsH3 HCN MIC DMMP Para Analyte Presentations (neat, interference, environmental, PEL and IDLH)

585 84 84 90 87 101 87

Correct Recognition 571 84 80 90 79 100 85

False Negatives or False Positives 14 0 4 0 8 1 2

None = no analyte, ACN = acrylonitrile, AsH3 = arsine, HCN = hydrogen cyanide, MIC = methyl isocyanate, DMMP = dimethyl methylphosphonate, Para = Parathion. Each presentation represents a 10-minute exposure to a background condition or listed analyte.

Phase I Results

• conductometric, MEMS-based • nanostructured oxide sensing films• arrays with redundant elements• rapid temperature sweeps increase

analytical data density• Artificial Neural Networks signal

processing• fast responses with ability to

discriminate against interferences

[PEL-sensitivewithoutpreconcentration]


Chemical Early Warning System

Operations Control Center (OCC)

Responders

Pedway (Underground)

Subway Station

Concourse Level

Closed Circuit TelevisionCamera (CCTV)

User Interface

Fiber Optic Link

External Fireman Jacks

Detectors

Detectors

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Lightweight Autonomous Chemical Identification System (LACIS)

Objective: Develop, demonstrate, and commercialize a networked responder capable to detect and quantitate up to twenty toxic chemical hazards and to assess a scene for contamination and provide guidance on PPE use

RA-03-1 TTA-4


LACIS Desired Attributes

Performance Targets• Simultaneous detection of ≥ 20 TICs and CWAs in complex

environments• Response time at PEL levels in ≤ 2 min• Fn ≤ 1 in 1000; Fp ≤ 1 in 100

Desired Attributes• Unit size: ≤ 0.50 ft3 in volume• No consumables other than commercially available batteries• Operationally stable ≤ 10 min• Acquisition Costs: ≤ $2K/ in lots of 10K• Wireless network to a Scene Control Unit (SCU)

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Currently fielded technologies• IMS and SAW – well developed for CWA, but not mature for TICs,

thousands fielded, suffer from interferences (Fp rate)

• Novel alternatives• Optical (3) – requires advances in miniaturization, durability• MS (1) – gold standard, but durability, size and cost issues

• Orthogonal – reduce false alarms by increasing selectivity• IMS/DMS(1)• IMS/Chemiresistor (1)• IMS/SAW/Chemiresistor (1)• IMS/FPD/MIME (1)• SMO/SAW (1)• SMO/Chemiresistor (1)

LACIS Basic Approaches


Proposal Title: Ultra-Portable Chemical Sensors Based On Chemoresponsive Dye Arrays

Principal Professor Kenneth S. SuslickInvestigators: School of Chemical Sciences

[email protected] 217-333-2794

Professor Shun-Lien ChuangElectrical & Computer Engineering,Director of the Illinois Program for

Photonics and Optoelectronics

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

HSARPA TTA-04 LACIS Lightweight Autonomous Chemical Identification System

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1.5cm

Dye Sensor Arrays

metallo-porphyrins

base indicator

dyes

solvatochromic dyes

acidindicator

dyes

Consequent Dye Classes:• Lewis Acid Dyes: metal ion containing dyes• BrØnsted Acid/Base Dyes: pH indicators• Dyes with Large Dipoles: solvatochromic• Shape Selective Dyes: pocketed-porphyrins


Slotted Pin Tip

~ 100 arrays/hr with manual control;~ 800 arrays/hr with robotic control.

36 slotted36 slotted--pin printerpin printer

36 hole 36 hole teflon teflon

inkwellinkwell

Floating Slotted-Pen Array

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• Printed array of chemically responsive dyes

After ExposureBefore Exposure

• Digitally image before & after exposure & subtract

ammoniaThe dyes that most change color are boxed

Colorimetric Array Detector

• Difference Map is a “molecular fingerprint”:a unique 108-dimensional vector (36 ∆R, ∆G, ∆B)

Difference Map

(center avg300 pixels)


Example of Toxic Industrial ChemicalsAt Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL)

SO25 ppm

Phosgene0.1 ppm

Ammonia50 ppm

HCl5 ppm

Parathion0.0084 ppm

Chlorine1 ppm

H2S20 ppm

Arsine0.05 ppm

HNO32 ppm

Every pattern distinct, even just to the eye.

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Body odor is easily detectable.

Differences between individuals have been observed.

1 h 2.5 h 5 h

Person #1: male without deodorant

~20 minafter shower

Example: Underarm Odor

Not Sponsored by DHS


Concept for Array Reader

External camera ($60 street) using the SD expansion slotwith a standard PDA (i.e, no built-in camera)

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Low Volatility Chemical Monitor (LoVAC)

Objective: Develop, field-test, and transition to commercialization existing, new, and state-of-the-art “Detect to Protect” alarm system that is fully autonomous, continuously monitoring and will rapidly detect and identify the presence of low vapor pressure chemicals

BAA-04-10

Desired Attributes: 30m standoff, Fp <1%, Fn <.1%


Short-Range On-Demand Low Volatility Detector (SOLVD)

Objective: Develop, field-test, and transition to commercialization existing, new, and state of the art systems that will effectively detect low vapor pressure (LVP) compounds and provide first responders with a tool to determine the presence of a chemical contaminant

BAA-04-10

A man-portable (<20 kg) system, 3m standoff, Fp <1%, Fn <.1%

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Tools that Can Help with Performance and System

Characteristic Assessments


Evaluating Detector Performance

Chemical and Biological Sensor Standards StudyInitiated by DARPA

Explain use of Spider Charts and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves

http://www.hsarpabaa.com/Solicitations/CB-Sensor-Study.pdf

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Consumables &Operating Costs (per year)

Weight (lbs)

Size (ft3)

Unit Costs (per 10K)

% False Positives

Power Consumption (hr)

Clear Down Time (s)

Warm-up Time (min)

LACIS

0.5

$2,000

$200

10

2.0

60 24030 0.25

$1,000

$500

5

2

1.0

0

$300

$100

0.01120

$400

0.5

0.75

15

$4,000

6

12

18

24

3

6

5

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System Characteristic Trade-offs



Weight (lbs)

Size (ft3)


% False Positives


Clear Down Time (s)

Warm-up Time (min)

LACIS

0.5

$2,000

$200

10

2.0

60 24030 0.25

$1,000

$500

5

2

1.0

0

$300

$100

0.01120

$400

0.5

0.75

15

$4,000

6

12

18

24

3

6

5

1

Mass Spectrometry Single SensorConsumables &

Operating Costs (per year)

Weight (lbs)

Size (ft3)


% False Positives


Clear Down Time (s)

Warm-up Time (min)

LACIS

0.5

$2,000

$200

10

2.0

60 24030 0.25

$1,000

$500

5

2

1.0

0

$300

$100

0.01120

$400

0.5

0.75

15

$4,000

6

12

18

24

3

6

5

1


Weight (lbs)

Size (ft3)


% False Positives


Clear Down Time (s)

Warm-up Time (min)

LACIS

0.5

$2,000

$200

10

2.0

60 24030 0.25

$1,000

$500

5

2

1.0

0

$300

$100

0.01120

$400

0.5

0.75

15

$4,000

6

12

18

24

3

6

5

1

Orthogonal Technologies

Systems Trades Analysis

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Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve

Performance Assessments


Rapid Technology Application Program (RTAP)

Mr. Maurice SwintonRTAP Program [email protected]

www.hsarpabaa.com ----- location of HSARPA solicitation portalwww.fedbizopps.gov -------RTAP synopsis and BAA

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Overview – RTAPPurpose:

• Satisfy near-term technology needs of DHS customers & State and Local responders

Objective:• Deliver customers’ highest priority prototypes in 6-18

months after contract awardFunding:

• $35M in FY05, and as appropriated each year thereafter


RTAP Roles and ResponsibilitiesVoting Members Roles (nominated by Under Secretary)

• Collect rapid prototyping needs of their directorate• Develop detailed statements of requirements (SORs)• Prioritize requirements

S&T Supporting Members RolesFor each RTAP development effort, help the Voting Members:

• Determine technical feasibility • Estimate development time and cost• Ensure SOR is clear to the technical community

Production, procurement and deployment is the responsibility of the users

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Chemical CM One-Person-Portable Chemical Detector CBPTactical Escape Mask FAMS

Biological CM Rapid Suspected Bio-agent Screening FAMSAircraft "Spot" Decontamination FAMSBiosurveillance Detection Algorithms PSDRapid Field Identification of High Priority CBP

Plant Pathogens (RFIP)

Explosives CM Maritime Safety & Security Team Explosive Trace Detection USCGNon-invasive Portable Object Examination System ICE/FAMSAdvanced Capability X-ray System for Bomb Squad IAIP

Selected Statements of Requirements

Intent is to Post Solicitation in November ‘05


For HSAPRA R&D Competitive Funding Opportunities, Please Monitor

www.dhs.gov,www.hsarpasbir.com,

www.hsarpabaa.com, and www.fedbizopps.gov

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HSARPA Chemical Countermeasures - HSDL

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