HRT3M U NIT II: A BORIGINAL S PIRITUALITY An Education on the Inuit of the Arctic Region.
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Transcript of HRT3M U NIT II: A BORIGINAL S PIRITUALITY An Education on the Inuit of the Arctic Region.
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HRT3M
UNIT II: ABORIGINAL SPIRITUALITY
An Education on the Inuit of the Arctic
Region
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The Inuit People
● Aboriginal inhabitants of the North American Arctic, from Bering Strait to East Greenland, a distance of over 6000 kilometers.
● As well as Arctic Canada, Inuit also live in northern Alaska and Greenland, and have close relatives in Russia.
● They are united by a common cultural heritage and a common language.
● Until recently, outsiders called the Inuit "Eskimo." Now they prefer their own term, "Inuit," meaning simply "people." There are about 40,000 Inuit in Canada.
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Location
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Climate● Very cold climate.● Snow and ice cover
the land for up to 9 months out of the year.
● Climate Change: Melting sea ice changing hunting patterns
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Current Conditions
●First Nations and Inuit in Canada find themselves living in "Fourth World" conditions.
●Canada = wealthy, industrialized, First World nation
●Native Communities: Third World socioeconomic conditions
●First Nations and Inuit families and communities find themselves with decreased levels of self-sufficiency.
Residential schools = generations of First Nations and Inuit unable to develop traditional knowledge and skills, including basic parenting skills.
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The Role of Women
●Family ties of great importance to the Inuit, as is a large family.
●Traditionally, women have often assumed a secondary role in Inuit society.
●At mealtime, an Inuit woman required to serve her husband and any visitors before she herself was permitted to eat.
●But:"A hunter is what his wife makes him." ●The women gathered firewood, butchered the animals, and erected tents in summer and igloos in winter.
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Religious Practices
●Christianity and Shamanism●The Inuit religion was very complex nature worship.
●Everything had a soul and was spiritually connected (this is called animism).
●The universe was at harmony with its elements and the powers of nature possessed a neutral position towards man. i.e. humanity does not hold dominion over other forms of life (in contrast with tenets of Christianity)
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The Role of the Physical: Traditionally
The Role of the Physical: Modern
●The Inuit didn’t have sacred buildings.
“The nature was sacred, and the Inuit was a child of nature; but life was not a paradise; man’s capability of doing evil represented a constant threat to harmony.”
Religious Practices
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Shelter
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Winter Home
● Igloo means any type of house, not just a snow house.
● The snow-block house not used by all Inuits.
● To make an igloo, hard-packed snow was cut into blocks . A man could build an igloo in an hour.
● Inuit slept on low snow platform covered with twigs and caribou furs.
● Each igloo had a skylight made of freshwater ice.
● Summer = igloo melted, and the family had to move into tents made of animal skins.
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Summer HomeInuit built tents out of driftwood or poles covered with animal skins, mostly caribou or sealskin.
A ring of boulders around the base held down the tent skin covering.
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Food/Hunting● Mainly hunters, and
relied heavily on the animals of the Arctic as their main source of food.
● Since very few plants could survive in the Arctic climate, the Inuit could not depend solely on plants for food.
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Food/HuntingThe Inuit fished fromkayaks and holes in theground for sea
animals.
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The Inuit people hunted land and sea mammals.
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ClothingMen and women generally wore similar clothing to one another.
Winter = layers of boots, trousers, parkas with hoods, and mittens. Caribou was main material in Winter, while sealskin was the choice in Summer.
An atiqik is a Inuit parka made with goose down
Boots are known as Kamiks. They are made from sealskin because it lasts long, is warm, and isn't hurt when it gets wet.
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The Clash of Cultures
So what happens to a people’s educational needs when traditional knowledge confronts modern needs of government?