Hr.management
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HAZARDS RISK MANAGEMENTDR.RIDWAN HARRIANTO MHSC(OM).SP.OK
Hazard:
Any condition which has the potential to cause injury or harm to health
Types of hazards
Chemical hazardsPhysical hazardsBiologic hazardsErgonomic hazardsPsychological hazards
Chemical hazards
Excessive airborne concentrations of vapors, gases, or aerosols in the form of dusts, fumes, or mists.
Physical hazards
Excessive levels of ionizing and non ionizing radiation.
Noisevibrationextremes of temperature and pressure
Biologic hazards
Infection by insects molds fungi bacterial viral rickettsial Chlamydia agents
Ergonomic hazards
Improperly designed tools, equipment, or work areas
unusual and unnecessary lifting or reaching
poor visual conditionsexcessive vibrationrepeated forceful motions in awkward postures.
Psychological hazards
Inadequate communicationInterpersonal conflictconflict with organizational goallack of promotional opportunityinadequate resources to accomplish job
inadequate authority to accomplish job
work overload / under loadshift work
The requirements for a safety system (Hawkles,1987)
Management must know of the hazards of the institution and understand how hazards can give rise to accidents and understand the consequences
facilities and equipment must be suitable for avoiding dangerous situations and for controlling hazards
systems and procedures must be provided for operation, maintenance and management of the facilities and equipment
Staffing must be provided in sufficient numbers and with appropriate supervision and training
system must be implemented which promptly identify emergency situations and measures which mitigate the risk
system must be develop which monitor the risk management performance of employees and audit the risk management systems and performance
risk management must be promote throughout the organization
Hazard risk management:
The interaction process used by an organization to identified, evaluate and control hazards to reduce the risk of injury
o Reduction in Material and Property Damage.
o Effective Mission Accomplishment.
o Reduction in Serious Injuries and Fatalities.
The Benefits of Risk Management
RISK :Hazard risk management :
Gambling :
AN EXPRESSION OF POSSIBLE LOSS IN TERMS OF SEVERITY AND PROBABILITY
Using sound concepts to Detect, HAZARDS and Estimate the Risk they Pose.
Making Risk Decisions Without Reasonable or Prudent Assessment or Management of the Risk Involved
Four steps in the management of hazards
Risk identification Risk evaluation Risk Assessment Risk control and Monitoring (Management strategies)
Risk identificationThe process of recognizing the presence of hazards
The most important step in the whole process because if the hazards are not identified and assessed, then the safety system will be lacking.
Once the hazards are identified, one of the most effective and cheapest ways to improve safety for the institution is to introduce inherent safety in the design process
Risk identification requires :
Historical dataScientific literatureWorkplace inspections / safety audits
Hazards analysis
Historical data
o Past statistical data o event e.g. accidents/incidentso injuries/fatalitieso contributing factors e.g. design/equipment
Scientific literatures
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
National/provincial injury statistic
Bulletins/ journals from the international Occupational Safety and Health associations (NIOSH, AIHA, ACGIH, OSHA etc.)
Standards and codes
Workplace inspection Direct observation (equipment, machinery, chemical inventories, processes/ procedures, the physical plant, training programs/ hazard controls)
discussion with employees, supervisors, line manager, health and safety representative, employer, insurance company loss control representatives.
employee questionnaire checklist
Hazard analysis
Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)What if AnalysisFailure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Analysis
Fault Tree Analysis & Even Tree Analysis
Management Oversight & Risk Tree (MORT)
“What if “analysis : The unloading of chemical from a road tanker to a storage tank
What if …………….The chemical is the wrong concentration?
the tank overflowed?the tank valve was closed?the delivery hose come off?the tanker driver drove off with the hose still attached?
the chemical flowed back into the tanker ?
A PHA for a road tanker loading flammable liquids at a filling station
Hazard PossibleCauses
PossibleConsequence
Mitigating/PreventionMeasures
Spill of flammableliquid
Tanker overfill
Filling hose failure
Driver uncouplesHose which stillContains liquidDriver drives offWhilst stillconnected
Spillage of whichcan lead to a poolfire if ignited
Tanker overfillprotection
Regular inspectionof hosesTraining of truckdrivers
Brake interlocksfor the truck toprevent driveaways
FMEA table for these failure modes for a pump which unloads LPG from the storage tank at the station to the pump
Failuremode
Detectionmethod
Equipmentaffected
Safetysystemresponse
Comments
Pump stops
Pump runs on
Pump casingholed
No fuel atpumpCan hear thepumpcontinuouslyrunningLPG release
None
Pumpset
Possibleignition and jetFire andBLEVE
Phone gascompany
-excess flowvalve on tankcould operate-manual/automatic shutdown-evacuate area
System canhandle thisNot critical
Critical –ImmediateActionrequired
Risk Evaluation
measurement of potential exposures
determining existing controlsconsequences of these risk probability and frequency of risk occurring
exposure category
Measurement of potential exposure
Air monitoring (personal breathing zone sampling, area monitoring)
Noise exposure evaluation (sound level meter, noise dosimeter)
Consequences of the risk
I .CATASTROPHIC
II .CRITICAL
III.MARGINAL
IV.NEGLIGIBLE
may cause death or loss of a facility
severe occupational illness or major property damage
minor occupational illness resulting in loss workdays or minor property damage
probably would not affect personnel safety, but never - the less is in violation of specific criteria
Probability and frequency risk occurring
[ A ] Likely to occurring immediately or within a short period of time when exposed to the hazard
[ B ] Probably will occur in time
[ C ] Possible to occur in time[ D ] Unlikely to occur
Exposure category
( 1 ) > 50 different person regularly exposed to the hazard
( 2 ) 10 - 49( 3 ) 5 - 9( 4 ) <5
Risk assessment
Prioritizing risks which is an integral part of the risk management process
compare against risk criteriabalance the benefits/ disbenefits of allowing the risk against the benefits/disbenefits of risk control
Prioritizing riskMinor risk - accept - low likelihood, low impact
Moderate risk - specify risk management measures - low likelihood and high impact, and vice versa
Major risk - develop risk action plan - high likelihood, high impact
MAKE RISK DECISIONS
Consider Risk Control Options Start with Most Serious Risk FirstRefer to preliminary Hazard Analysis
CausesDoes Benefit Outweigh RiskCommunicate with Higher Authorityif Required
RISK CONTROLS Administrative Controls good house keeping, safe work procedure, identify residual risk
Engineering Controls - Substitute the hazard
Replace one chemical with another which is less harmful
- Remove chemical from process
(wet method , local & general/ dilution exhaust) - Isolate the hazard
(apply physical barriers, enclose all stage of process) - Minimize the potential error
(minimize energies, use warning devise)
Personal Protective Equipment
SUPERVISE
Monitor for Effectiveness of Controls
Watch for Changes
Risk management implementation
Management commitmentWritten policyOH&S CommitteeCommunicate the policyManage risks at the organization levelManage risks at the program, project
and team levelMonitor and review