HQE PERFORMANCE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - HQE-GBC€¦ · HQE PERFORMANCE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT...

HQE PERFORMANCE

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Specific rules for new buildings

in line with EN 15978 standard

2012/06/14 version For the HQE Performance 2012 experiment

Writing : workgroup « Environmental Indicators » of the project HQE Performance,

Coordinated by Alexandra LEBERT

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HQE Performance 2012 Experiment The HQE Performance 2012 experiment has been led as part of the work of the task group

“Environmental Indicators”, led by Alexandra Lebert and composed by the following people :

Alain BIRAULT (CIMBETON),

Alexandra LEBERT (CSTB),

Anne-Sophie PERRISSIN FABERT (Association HQE),

Benoit NICOLET (EIFFAGE),

Camille BEAUGE (CERTIVEA),

Caroline LESTOURNELLE (AIMCC),

David DELAUNE (DHUP),

Didier CLEMOT (Maisons de Qualité),

Dominique PONCET (CETE MED),

Eric PERRAY (GDF SUEZ),

Evan KERVINIO (Association HQE),

Franck DEYTIEUX (CETE Lyon),

François DAPILLY (EIFFAGE),

Gérard SENIOR (UNSFA),

Gérard LAPICHE (BOUYGUES Télécom),

Hadjira SCHMITT-FOUDHIL (DHUP),

Isabelle BOYEAU (EIFFAGE Construction),

Jean-Alain BOUCHET (CETE MED),

Jean-Christophe VISIER (CSTB),

Jean-Pierre AURIAULT (BNP Paribas Real Estate)

Jilla BAMARNI (GDF SUEZ)

Joanna RODARY (CERTIVEA)

Joëlle SCHAAL (CETE Est)

Julie SIMON (GDF SUEZ)

Julien HANS (CSTB)

Lucile BERLIAT (CERQUAL)

Matthieu HERVE (DEB)

Maxime PARENT (CEQUAMI)

Nadia BEKKOUCHE (CETE Lyon)

Nicolas LAVEISSIERE (CETE Lyon)

Nicolas DHOYE (BOUYGUES – EGF BTP)

Philippe LEONARDON (ADEME)

Quentin SOISSONS (LAFARGE)

Reine MAZA (CERTIVEA)

Sabrina LEMAIRE-TALON (CETE Ouest)

Sébastien DELMAS (EFFINERGIE)

Stéphane CARPIER (GECINA)

Véronique LINE (FFB)

Vincent HUIN (IGNES)

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Eligibility of projects for the HQE Performance 2012 experiment:

- The project is a new building,

- The type of use of the building is one of the following:

• Single-family housing,

• Multi-family housing

• Office buildings.

- The building is under design, in construction or recently built (which

implies that the information required for calculations is available):

projects brought to the experiment will preferably have a validated DCE1

stage or an administrative order signed.

- The project meets one of the following energy performance requirements:

• BBC 20051 label level or RT 20121 level attested by a multi-criteria

analysis;

• PREBAT 1awarded with BBC 2005 label level.(Preference will be

given to projects of which thermal calculations have been

considered reliable after expertise);

• BBC - Effinergie Label.

To be noted: student residences, hotels and nursing homes will be considered as

multi-unit residential buildings.

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Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 5

Project documentation............................................................................................................................ 7

General points ....................................................................................................................................... 11

Calculation’s assumptions ..................................................................................................................... 13

Contributors to take into account ............................................................................................ 13

Calculation of the contributor - Frame related energy consumption and production [B6].................. 14

Calculation of the contributor Energy consumption related to the activity [B6] ................................. 15

Calculation of the contributor-building products and equipment [A, B and C] .................................... 17

Calculation of the contributor – work site [A5] ..................................................................................... 19

Calculation of the contributor – Use of water (inputs and outputs) [B7] ............................................. 21

Calculation of the contributor - Production and waste management activities [B] ............................. 24

Calculation of the contributor – users’ Transportation [B] ................................................................... 25

Presentation of the results .................................................................................................................... 27

Appendix 1: Details of EN 15978 .............................................................................................. 28

Appendix 2: Environmental data: How to handle it!................................................................ 29

Appendix 3: Calculation of number of occupiers ..................................................................... 31

Appendix 4: Rules of Accounting for energy production on plot ............................................. 32

Appendix 5: Division into work package for the contributor products and equipment. ......... 33

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Introduction

This implementation guide explains how to perform an operational LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) of a

building. The reference standard for calculating the environmental impact of a building is EN 159781 .

The present document aims to provide guidance to apply these standards2 as well as to precise some

of there points. It fixes, for certain contributors, a number of assumptions (e.g. scenarios and ratios)

to simplify and standardize the studies where data are not readily available. As some information is

specific to the HQE performance experiment, they appear in boxes.

The building is described herein through a set of contributors. This division allows to construct a

building from the LCA project data (measurements, results of energy consumption, etc.) and

environmental data, calculated element by element. The result of an LCA is expressed through a set

of indicators that reflect the impact of the building on the environment.

The diagram below illustrates the principle of the LCA and the place of the contributors and

indicators in this method. The building LCA tools can simplify the study by including requirements

from standards in their operation.

Defining the boundaries of the study is essential in the context of a life cycle analysis because the

results can be interpreted in this context. The definition and scope of compliance are particularly

important in the case of HQE Performance 2012 Test, because one of its goals is to identify issues for

the construction sector, by identifying the most significant contributors in terms of environmental

impacts.

As illustrated in the diagram below different schemes can be chosen:

1 A schematic diagram of the building LCA calculation according to EN 15978 is available in Appendix 1

2 Portions of the standard XP P01-020-3 have been included in the text, they are framed in italics and quotation

marks

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For the HQE Performance 2012 experiment:

- The chosen physical boundaries include the provision of the building (its

construction and maintenance of functional requirements for its use), its

plot, the activities it houses (called "activity"), and the transportation of

persons.

- Analysis will focus on these systems in accordance with section

"Presentation of the results".

7

Project documentation

The results of an LCA study can’t be separated from the building project documentation and

calculations, because their analysis can only make sense under the functional equivalent of the

building and design assumptions.

Thus, the calculations should be accompanied by a technical description of the project including at

least:

Project details

- Project name

- Building owner and architect contact details

- LCA practitioner contact details

- Contact details from other leader organization (if different from the two previous contacts)

- Number of buildings of the project

- Year of commissionning

Contextual elements

- The address of the project

- The climate zone as defined in the RT3 (including the distance to the sea and altitude) or

equivalent

- The seismic zone

- The class of noise exposure as defined in the RT or equivalent

The description of each building

1- Elements of physical description of the building

- Surface units:

• The total net gross floor area (GFA) [optional if the Construction license has

been filed after 3.1.2012]

• The total floor area4 [Mandatory even if the Construction license has been

filed before 3.1.2012]

• The SHON RT5 or total area according to thermal study

• The ground area

• The number of storey

• The number of levels in the basement

• The average height ceiling

- Required Service Life (ReqSL) which corresponds to the life of the building specified

in the customer or design brief

- The nature of main building structure (non-exhaustive list given as an indication)

• Masonry structure - concrete,

• Masonry structure - concrete blocks,

• Masonry structure - honeycomb terracotta (alveolar bricks),

• Clay brick,

• Mixed structure - wood / concrete

3 RT : thermal regulation (Réglementation Thermique)

4 See : Decree No. 2011-2054 of 29 December 2011, similar to NFA

5 SHON RT (RT net gross floor area) : RT-specific calculation net gross floor area. See RT 2012.

8

• Mixed structure - concrete / steel

• Steel structure,

• Wood structure,

• Concrete structure - shell,

• Concrete structure – shear wall,

• Other

- The type of foundation:

• Spread Foundation

� Footings

� Plots

� Raft

� Micropiles

• Deep Foundations

� Pious (specify number, diameter and depth)

� Screens / retaining walls (specify nature: diaphragm wall, Berlin,

Paris, prefabricated and depth)

- A description of the landscaping

- The type and size of park car:

• Surface or number of parking spaces

• Type: on surface, underground or on floor.

- The description of the architectural elements that influence the thermal

characteristics of the building (roof continues, stepped, presence of balconies,

loggias, patio, roof terrace, etc.).

- The typology of technical equipment, including:

• Electrical power meter installed (kVA)

• Electrical power in kW estimated due to construction activity

• Type of heating system:

� gas boiler, oil boiler, electric heating, ENR: CAP or solar heat; other

• Type of cooling system:

� Chiller, air conditioning cooling tower; other

• Type of DHW system:

� gas, electricity, renewable energy: solar thermal or CAP; Mixed Other

• Type of ventilation system:

� Single flow system, heat recovery system, central processing with

heat exchanger, air handling units, ground-coupled systems etc..

• Shutters, sun protection and closure

• Management mode of the shutters, sun protection and closure (manual,

motorized or automatic)

• Security system (intrusion, access control, CCTV)

2- Elements of description of the use:

- [A] The type of use of the work (non-exhaustive list given as an indication)

• Individual housing

• Individual housing attached (by tape or paired)

• Collective housing

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• Residential building

• Storage building

• Industrial building

• Administrative building

• Office building

• Building educational or research

• Sport or Cultural

• Commercial Vessel

• Building in developing health and social

• Transport (railway, airport, parking)

• Other

- [B] An indication of the type of building occupancy, for example:

• Habitat = Living Area and number of occupiers

• Residential building : Living Area and number of nights spent

• Office building : floor space and number of workstations,

• Car Park : Number of parking spaces and average vacancy rate

• Administrative building : floor space and number of workstations

• Building teaching and research: floor space and number of students

• Cultural or sporting equipment: number of spectators accommodated,

number of events (arts, sports, ...) organized

• Commercial Vessel: number of clients per day

• Building designed for health and social: the number of occupiers

• Restoration: number of meals per service

• Transport (train station or airport): number of passengers per year

- [C] An indication about occupancy:

• Occupancy of the building in months per year

If the building offers several uses, the following table may be specified:

Primary

Use

Other use

1

Other use

2

Type of Use [A]

Occupancy unit [B] unit

Value

Occupency duration

[C]

Unit

Value

To be noted:

- Any other element of context that influences how to design and construct the project buildings must

be noted (eg requirements and specific risks).

- All information relating to the use will take into account the use of the building in the interpretation

of results.

- For the analysis of the results, the building use will be assimilated to the primary use.

Documentation of calculations

Under the influence of the assumptions of an LCA on its results, greater transparency is required

about the calculations. Shall especially be reported:

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- The stage of the project on which calculations are made (according to typologies of

the MOP 6law)

- Table of Contributors included (see assumptions)

- The assumptions (see assumptions), including

• the reference period for the calculation

• detailed assumptions about each contributor

6 MOP law : French law regulating the opération of public construction project


- Calculation results will be presented in accordance with the paragraph

"Presentation of results"

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General points

To be noted:

- Some indicators differ from the standard XP P01-020-3 and NF P01-010.Therefore,

the calculation of the contribution "products" will not always complete. For details,

refer to Appendix 2 of this document.

Calculation of the number of occupiers:

For several contributors (Energy consumption related to the activity, consumption and transport of

users and water releases), consumption is directly related to the number of building occupiers.


- The calculation will be performed, at least, for two building life

durations: 50 years and 100 years.


The environmental impact assessment will be performed by calculating the

following indicators:

- Consumption of energy resources

• Total primary energy (kWhep)

• Non-renewable primary energy (kWhep)

• Renewable primary energy (kWhep)

• Primary energy process (kWhep)

- Depletion of non energy (kg of Sb)

- Water consumption (m 3 )

- Solid waste disposed

• Hazardous waste (t)

• Radioactive waste (t)

• Non-hazardous waste (t)

• Inert waste (t)

- Climate change (kg CO 2 equivalent)

- Atmospheric acidification (kg of SO 2)

- Pollution of air (m 3)

- Water pollution (m 3)

- Photochemical ozone formation (kg of C 2 H4 )

- Eutrophication (kg Phosphate equivalent)

-

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- For residential buildings, when the program does not explicitly mention

the number of occupiers of the building, it shall be calculated following the

method used in the French thermal regulation (§ 11.6.3.2.2. Th-ECB 2012).

See Appendix 3 of this document.

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Calculation’s assumptions

Building LCA is considered here as the sum of the contributors. The boundaries of the study are

therefore defined by the list of contributors.

Contributors to take into account

Contributor Level to take into

account Correspondence with NF EN 15978

Frame related energy consumption

and production

- covered by the thermal regulation

(RT)

- Non covered by the thermal

regulation (off RT)

Mandatory

Included in B6

(Including B6.1, B6.2, B6.3, B6.4 and

B6.5)

Energy consumption related to the

activity Mandatory Included in B6

Construction products and materials

and equipment Mandatory Contributes to: A1-3, A4-5, B and C

Construction site (excluding the

contribution products) Mandatory Corresponds to A5

Consumption of water (inputs and

outputs) Mandatory Corresponds to B7

Operational waste production and

management Mandatory No match. Included in B

Transport of users Mandatory No match. Included in B

In this document, numbers between brackets refer to the standard EN 15978. See diagram in

Appendix 1.

Regarding the aim of getting environmental assessments consistent one with another, it is necessary

to define the assumptions for each contributor. A set of hypothesis is presented in the text below.

When applied, any difference between the assumptions actually made and those proposed in this

document must be identified, detailed and justified in the literature accompanying the calculation

results.


- All contributors are considered mandatory

- The partial or non consideration of a contributor in the calculations must

be clearly identified and justified.

To be noted: For the sake of consistency, a contributor "Consumption of materials

related to the activity" should have been considered. This contributor would have

included within the study the incoming associated to the outcoming waste itself

included. Considering the maturity of the environmental data and methods, that

contributor is neglected.

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Calculation of the contributor - Frame related energy

consumption and production [B6]

Assessment boundaries:

The consumption items considered for this contributor are as follows:

Those covered by the thermal regulation (RT):

• the heating

• the production of hot water

• processing aids (ventilation and distribution)

• cooling

• lighting

Those not covered by the regulation, for example:

• elevators and hoists;

• escalators;

• Mechanical occlusions (motorized roller shutters, garage doors, door openers, solar

protection);

• systems control access and security

• the emergency lighting systems

• Lighting out of RT7 : parking, exterior, facade, signs, etc.

• communicating systems (communication network, and computer network

management, telephone exchanges)

• Parking ventilation, air conditioning in computer rooms or similar process, or similar

ceiling fans, smoke box

• Other: automatic watering, water meter pulse, pool equipment, central vacuum

systems

Quantitative information of the project:

The following assumptions are adopted for the quantification of consumption:

Calculation of environmental impacts:

The calculation of environmental impacts associated with these energy consumptions is obtained by

multiplying the quantities of final energy previously calculated by the environmental profiles of the

provision of these final energies (including emissions from combustion for heating equipment such as

boilers, wood stoves ...).

For calculation rules related to on-site energy production (solar thermal, photovoltaic, wind, etc.)

refer to Appendix 4.

7 For a complete list of lighting not included in the calculations RT: TH-ECB see § 9.1.1.3.


- Final energy consumption for RT consumption shall be calculated with the

regulation’s computer code applicable to the project.

- Methods (scenarios, assumptions ...) used for calculation out of RT

consumptions must be documented and justified.

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Calculation of the contributor Energy consumption related

to the activity [B6]


The contributor of energy consumption related to the activity adresses consumption related to the

operation of an activity in a given building. These include items not directly related to the frame

itself, but representative of the activity. The following list gives items that may be included in this

contributor:

As a minimum, for residential buildings:

- Household appliances:

• Fridge, freezer,

• Dishwasher

• Laundry Washer

• Tumble drier

- Kitchen and cooking stations:

• Hotplates, toaster, kettle, steamer, etc.

- Home computer:

• Stations, laptops, printers, etc.

- Audiovisual equipment;

• TV, stereo systems, devices, etc.

- Watches and Miscellaneous

As a minimum for office buildings:

- Equipment (computers, laptops, monitors, printers, copiers, fax, scanner, video

conferencing device, etc.)

- Copy center and printing

- Local server, servers, UPS, uninterruptible power supply, etc.

If applicable:

- Meals, laundry, etc.


The following assumptions are adopted for the quantification of the consumption:


- The calculator DHUP / ADEME developed by CSTB may be used.

To be noted: Many ongoing projects are currently addressing this topic. This

method could be supplanted by new methods and tools in a few months.

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The calculation of environmental impacts associated with these energy consumptions (electricity and

gas, mostly) is obtained by multiplying the quantities of final energy previously calculated by the

environmental profiles of the provision of these final energies.

For accounting rules related to on-site energy production (solar thermal, photovoltaic, wind, etc.)

refer to Appendix 4.

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Calculation of the contributor-building products and

equipment [A, B and C]

Assessment boundaries :

The assessment boundaries include all works of civil engineering and building located on the plot.

To be noted:

- Items such as: access roads, bicycles parking, garages, technical premises that are

not adjacent to the building but within the plot, must be included in the assessment.


For all elements taken into account, it will be necessary to document the estimated quantity.

Items not included shall also be identified.

The source data shall be specified.


- The division into lots to be used for the description of the building is:

1. VRD (Roads and utility networks)

2. Foundations and infrastructure

3. Superstructure - Masonry

4. Cover - Sealing - Carpentry – Zinc work

5. Partitioning - Dubbing - Suspended ceilings - Interior

woodwork

6. Facades and exterior joinery

7. Floor coverings, walls and ceilings - Cover-Paintings -

Decorative Products

8. HVAC (Heating - Ventilation - Cooling - DHW)

9. Sanitation

10. Electrical power grids and communications (high current and

low current)

11. Safety of people and buildings

12. Lighting

13.Lifts and other transportation facilities within the plot

14.Equipment of local electricity generation

- Any elements of structural work and finishing work necessary for the

use of the building shall be considered. A list of items is available in

Annex 5 of this document.

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To be noted:

- Documents such as DCE8or DPGF9 can be used for the quantitative estimation of the

project.


The calculation of environmental impacts associated with products, construction materials and

equipment is obtained by multiplying these quantities by environmental profiles (EPD, PEP, etc...).

The match of these quantities with environmental data will be documented.

To be known:

- FDES: Environmental and Sanitary Product Declaration is the French EPD for products and

materials

- PEP: Product Environmental Profile is the French EPD for electrical products and equipement

- INIES: the French reference database for products and building materials environmental

profiles. Available at www.inies.fr

The differences between EPD and PEP are explained in Appendix 2.

To be noted:

- Any trouble associating environmental data to the quantities of products and equipment

shall be notified.

- Any elements not included in the calculations due to lack of appropriate environmental data

shall be listed.

8 DCE : « Dossier de Consultation d’Entreprise », documents described the wanted answer to a call for tenders

9 DPGF : “Décomposition du Prix Global Forfaitaire”, is a decomposition of the fixed lump price of the

construction


Shall be used in order of preference for the calculation:

- EPDs available under the INIES database and ecopassport PEPs provided to

the Association HQE

- Other EPDs and PEPs ecopassport available from manufacturers

- The default values provided by the tools or the INIES database

- Other data sources

The source of each environmental data used shall be identified in project

documentation.

By default, the DVT (Typical Lifetime) elements, available in the EPD and PEP will

be taken into account. Any deviation must be documented and justified.

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Calculation of the contributor – work site [A5]


The environmental balance of the building shall incorporate its construction and its deconstruction /

demolition phase.

For the work site, elements of the implementation of products and equipment and on site waste

management are already included in the EPD. This contributor is made to quantify the elements of

construction common to several systems and not included in the FDES or PEP, for example:

- Water consumption and energy construction of cantonments

- Amortization of heavy equipment (fixed cranes, ...).

- Water consumption other than cantonments’

- Energy consumption other than cantonments'

- Consumption of construction equipment for earthmoving, drilling wells, disposal of land and

demolition (electricity, fuel and / or consumables)

- Quantity of cut and fill leaving or entering the field.


Work staff members’ trips are out of the assessment boundaries.


Only the construction phase shall be included within the assessment

boundaries of this contributor.

For simplification purposes, the scrap yard shall only be counted through

products end of life via the FDES.

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For this phase, shall be collected or estimated: quantities of water, electricity, fuel and materials

consumed.

To be noted:

- The list of considered items shall be explained.

- If the site requires remediation before construction, impacts related to the remediation are

taken into account but must be clearly distinguished in the presentation of the results.


The calculation of environmental impacts related to construction is obtained by multiplying:

- The amount of water consumed by the environmental profile of its provision (for drinking

water, etc.)

- The values of energy consumption by appropriate environmental profiles

- Details of gears used by the environmental profiles of the availability of such equipment, in

proportion to their presence on site

- Etc.

The match of these quantities with environmental data will be documented.

For the HQE Performance 2012 experiment, the following ratios can be used:

For the transport of waste:

- Distances from the yard to the storage center:

• 30 km for inert waste

• 30 km for non-hazardous waste

• 100 km for hazardous waste

- 1 truck = 25 tons of soil

- Density of the earth = 1.45 tons/m3

For excavation:

- 1 L of fuel consumed per m3 of earth moved

21

Calculation of the contributor – Use of water (inputs and

outputs) [B7]


Assessment boundaries for consumptions:

Water consumption shall include:

- The items linked to the building:

• Maintenance of premises (when not already included in the FDES)

• Watering of plants associated with the building (facade and green roof, patios, etc.)

• Equipment for heating, ventilation air conditioning (eg misting patios, double

adiabatic flow ...)

- The items related to activity:

• Watering of green spaces

• Health and washbasins

• Sinks, showers, bathtubs

• And depending on the type of use:

� Appliances (washing machine, dishwasher ...)

� Leisure facilities (spa, aquarium ...)

For each of these items, consumption of water from the network and consumption of reclaimed (rain

water, etc.) or on site drawned water must be distinguished.

Assessment boundaries for Releases:

Run off to be considered are:

- stormwater releases;

- releases of sewage and gray water.

Discharges considered must at least cover discharges of equipment included in the calculation of

water consumption.

The purification processes liquid waste, whether on the field or outside, are included in the

boundaries of the assessment (See paragraph on the calculation of environmental impacts).

To be noted:

- Discharges related to water cooling system (condensate) if they exist must be integrated in

the contributor


If no data is available, neither on equipment, nor on occupiers:

Quantities shall be replaced by ratios given at the building scale.

22

If data are available on the equipment installed:

The experimenter calculates water consumption and discharge using consumption scenarios.

The calculation method used must be documented.


The conventional data used are as follows:

- For residential buildings: 50 m3/person/year

- For office buildings:

• 100L/staff / day in the case of an office building with a canteen

and / or climate

• 30 L / staff / day in other cases.

The volumes of waste are estimated equal to consumption.

23

To be noted:

- If rainwater or gray water reclaiming equipments exist, they can be taken into account in the

calculation. Consumption of drinking water thus saved cannot exceed regulated consumption

of stormwater10

and greywater.


Environmental impacts of consumption:

10

Order of 21 August 2008 on the recovery of rainwater and its use inside and outside buildings


For residential buildings, default scenarios are the following ones:

Type of equipment Water Consumption by

Usage Frequency of use Duration of use

flushing No default 3 times / day / person Not applicable

showers No default 7 times / week /

person 7 min. / Usage

sinks No default 3 times / day / person 0.25 min. /

Usage

sinks pourquoi 2 fois

avec 2 valeurs

différentes ?

No default 3 times / day / person 0.5 min. / Usage

dishwasher 12

L / usage 4 / week / lodging Not applicable

Laundry Washer 45

L / usage 4 / week / lodging Not applicable

For office buildings, default scenarios are the following ones:

Type of equipment Water Consumption by

Usage Frequency of use Duration of use

flushing No default 3 times / day / person

Not applicable

urinals No default

3 times / day / person

(It is assumed that

50% of employees use

urinals)

Not applicable

douches No default No default 10 min. / Usage

sinks No default 3 times / day / person 0.25 min. / Usage

sinks idem voir ci-

dessus No default 2 times / day / person 0.5 min. / Usage

24

The environmental impact associated with the provision of water consumed is calculated by

multiplying the volume of water consumed ("Source") by the environmental profiles of the

availability of water for each of the "sources".

Environmental impacts of releases:

- If the building is connected to a collective sewage system or (combined sewer overflow or

separative), the environmental impact is obtained by multiplying the volume of water

discharged into the network by the environmental profiles of the network.

- If the building has a specific sewage system, environmental impact is considered equal to the

residual pollution of water returned to the natural environment.

To be noted:

- For personal sanitation systems:

• If the water is treated on the plot, operation data of the equipment (electricity and

consumables) are required for the calculation of environmental impacts.

• The components of an individual septic system must be integrated into the

contributor products and construction equipment.

• In the case of dry toilets, an environmental study of water pollution and soil is

necessary (contribution to the pollution indicators of water and air).

- If environmental data on the treatment processes are not available, wastewater discharges

are considered:

• issued in a generic network: environmental data are then used,

• or directly emitted into the environment, concentrations of pollutants in the

discharge are then used to calculate the environmental impact by using conversion

factors of the NF P 01-010 for the indicator of water pollution.

- If they exist, the following equipment and installation should be included when calculating

the contributor products, materials and equipment:

• Equipment for the recovery of rainwater or greywater

• Equipment to reduce consumption

Calculation of the contributor - Production and waste

management activities [B]


When the activity hosted by the building is included in the study, so shall be the waste production

and management of this activity.

Waste from the activity shall be quantified by category of waste: hazardous, non hazardous, inert

and radioactive.


May be used as a first approximation the following conversion:

1m3 of water discharged to the network corresponds to a conventional volume of 43

m3 of polluted water to be encountered directly in the water pollution indicator.

25


In case no specific data is available for the project:

In case project-specific data are available:

If the calculations consider amounts different from ratios, the methods (scenarios, assumptions,

sources, etc.) to estimate the quantities of waste must be documented and justified.


The environmental impacts of putting waste produced by the activity in storage center are obtained

by multiplying the amount of waste produced (by waste category) by the environmental profiles of

the modes of waste management (eg storage center Class 1, etc.).

"Consideration of the landfill

At a landfill, the environmental impacts of transportation and waste removal system are

assigned to the waste producer. Moreover, the discharge is considered a method of storing

that must account for emissions to water, air and soil. In the absence of other more accurate

data for leachate concentration limits of acceptability of different types of regulatory relief

can be used to estimate emissions in waste water. "

In case some waste components are recycled (recycling, re-use) the "method of inventory” is applied.

"The method of inventory

This method allows splitting the environmental impacts of a process for material recovery or

energy to waste between waste producer and user of matter or energy recovered. The stock

must be defined by agreement between the two systems (producer and user). The stock can

only accept storable material flow. The production system is therefore affecting the

environmental impacts of transport processes and material packaging to the stock. The waste

stream is then recycled to the system manufacturer to reduce the mass of waste disposed.

This flow of waste recovered will appear in the environmental report as a stream of

"recovered material" or "recovered energy". In the case of energy recovery, the flow

"recovered energy" is the calorific value (NCV) of the material flow."

Calculation of the contributor – users’ Transportation [B]



May be selected as a first approximation the following defaults:

- Residential buildings: 374 kg of household waste per person per year, all redirected to

a central storage of non hazardous waste

- Office buildings: 75 kg of paper per employee per year, redirected to a storage center

for non-hazardous waste (no recycling will be considered)

26


"In order to quantify the trips generated by a building, must be identified and differentiated:

- The people involved (resident users, occasional users, etc.) ;

- The types of journey (commuting, home-service, etc.) Taking into account the types of

services available (close to shops, cultural facilities, schools, etc.) ;

- Transportation modes available or planned (collective, individual, etc.).

Transportation accounted for must be explained, documented and justified for each of these three

aspects.

These transports must be quantified by personne.km mode and for the life of the building assessed. "

These trips must be estimated at a flat rate by identifying the average distance traveled, the

occurrences of the modal displacement and to ensure each type of travel.


Impacts related to users transportation are then obtained by multiplying the quantities of transport

(person.km) by the unit impacts of each type of transport.


The tool developed by Effinergie to evaluate the potential of eco-mobility of a building

may be used. (www.effinergie.org)


The boundaries for assessing contributor are restricted to:

- Residential buildings: daily mobility, either:

• Commuting

• Commuting services (school, mall, shops ...).

- Office buildings:

• commuting and

• activity-related travel (visitors, business travel).

The results displaying both types of movement must be separate. To help analyze the results,

the following information may be collected: type of mobility staff (local, regional, national,

international) and frequency shifts (rare, occasional, regular, weekly, daily).

27

Presentation of the results


The results should include:

- For each building and for each indicator

• the total (over the entire life of the building and annuity for the entire building

and per m² of floorspace)

• the total per contributor, the detail per items (contributor energy consumption

or construction) and per batch (construction products and equipment)

The results will be presented in the boundaries described in the introduction.

The results must also be accompanied by an analysis to identify for each indicator all the major

determinants (at least 5% of total building). Finally; it is desirable that the results are

accompanied by a sensitivity analysis on the major determinants.

28

Appendix 1: Details of EN 15978

Extract from the standard EN 15978 (EN 15978 in French, May 2012):

Illustration of information modules for different phases of the lifecycle of the building

29

Appendix 2: Environmental data: How to handle it!

- Two data formats: FDES and PEP ecopassport

A FDES (Fiche de Déclaration Environnementale et sanitaire, Sanitary and Environmental

Declaration Sheet) is a French Environmental Product Declaration including Health information. This

declaration is made under the responsibility of the product manufacturers or trade associations who

publish them. The standard P 01-010 provides the method and format for reporting environmental

and health information. (Source: www.inies.fr 21/05/2012). A FDES is realized on the basis of a life

cycle analysis of the product involved. The first FDES appeared in 2001. There are now over 1000,

covering more than 10,000 commercial references. Most of the FDES are grouped on the database

INIES, national database, public and free.

Like the manufacturers of building products, manufacturers of electrical, electronics and HVAC

publish, in PEP ecopassport format, data on the environmental impact generated by the equipment

throughout their life cycle.These data result from a global and multi criteria LCA:

- Based on the same methodological foundations as the FDES, which are defined in the

international standards ISO 14025 and 14040s.

- Established and verified according to the current framework for electrical equipment,

electronics and HVAC: the Eco-Declaration program PEP-ecopassport.

Nearly 1,000 PEP-ecopassport are now available for free on the websites of manufacturers and is

centralized on the site www.pep-ecopassport.org. To facilitate the use of these data for assessments

of environmental performance of buildings, the PEP ecopassport will be scanned and made available

in the summer of 2013, in the INIES database.

- The differences between the formats

Although the FDES and PEP ecopassport are made from the same approach (LCA) meeting the same

international reference standards, the expression of their results is so far not completely identical.

For example, PEP ecopassport and FDES have sometimes chosen different indicators (for example,

the FDES indicator inert waste has no equivalence in the PEP Ecopassport) or indicators that are

expressed differently (ressources depletion is expressed in equivalent antimony for FDES and in year -

1 for PEP).

These methodological differences and expression format will soon disappear thanks to the normative

and regulatory evolution: the convergence of the formats shall come from the implementation of the

European standard for the assessment of environmental impacts of construction products (EN

15804) and the entry into force of the French Decree on Environmental Declaration of Products for

the building.

- A transition period: HQE Performance 2012

Pending the expected convergence of indicators between 2013 and 2017, it is necessary to optimize

the use of data already available in order to build now the framework for the assessment of

buildings.

Therefore, equipment manufacturers united within IGNES and UNICLIMA (Aldel, CIAT, Atlantic,

Lindab, Zenhder, De Dietrich, Legrand, Hager, Schneider Electric, Delta Dore, Somfy) decided to

provide participants of the HQE Performance 2012 experiment with a set of PEP ecopassport in

digital format, to calculate the contribution of major equipment to the studied environmental

impacts of building in which they are installed.

This first data set deliberately reduced the indicators of PEP ecopassport common to those of FDES

and thus allow to aggregate environmental data equipment and materials at the building level.

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- Why is the use phase of PEP ecopassport not accepted?

All the environmental impacts associated with the use phase are fully integrated into the PEP

ecopassport according to conventional usage scenarios based on pre-established standards and

regulations in force for this equipment (eg water consumption and energy necessary for the

operation but also the maintenance and maintenance of the product). For equipment related to 1 of

the 5 uses regulated by the RT, other calculations easier to implement are made directly at the

building level, at least with regard to their energy consumption required to operate them in the use

phase or water consumption (eg energy consumption by calculating regulatory RT).

Also, for simplicity and to avoid the risk of double counting of water consumption and energy

equipment (eg addition of PEP ecopassport’s data "total primary energy consumption - filled in for

the use phase " with those directly obtained from the RT calculator, which the HQE Performance

2012 experiment is based upon), it has been decided, for the use phase of buildings, to focus on the

data from the RT calculator at the building level, and ignore data of energy consumption provided by

PEP ecopassport declarations for the use phase.

Ultimately, the choice between using data produced to complete the use phase of the building using

data from calculations carried out at the building level will be among the calculators of

environmental performance of buildings.

For more information:

- INIES database: www.inies.fr

- On the association and the guidelines PEP ecopasseport http://www.pep-ecopassport.org


PEP ecopassport declarations made available in digital format are available in the ELODIE tool.

Consideration of the consumption of equipment during use phase

Data of environmental impact of equipment provided in the PEP ecopassport declarations are

calculated on their whole life cycle and disaggregated for each stage of the life cycle considered. A

PEP ecopassport provides information on the environmental impact of the equipment it describes,

with a precise Functional Unit and usage scenario defined in sector-specific guidelines established

by PEP ecopassport association, based on the normative and regulatory framework that governs

this equipment (eg scenario from European regulations on eco-design or energy label).

It includes typical or averaged integration parameters, but cannot make distinctions related to

conditions of actual implementations of the product in its specific context of installation (for

example, a PEP ecopassport for a lamp reflects impacts associated with maintenance actions and

relamping, but it does not discriminate - however - between a room with or without access to

natural light in the calculation of the number of hours of use). A PEP ecopassport therefore

provides a consistent typical scenario for a product, regardless of the building or area thereof

where it is installed.

The calculation of consumption according to RT is based on intrinsic parameters of the product

(provided by the manufacturer), as well as integration parameters provided by the architect or

design engineer in a usage scenario taking into account the conventional usage scenario for a

building type and a geographic area.

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Appendix 3: Calculation of number of occupiers

For residential buildings (method of § 11.6.3.2.2. Th-ECB 2012)

Individual homes:

SHAB11 Number of occupiers

<30m A

30 <... <70 m² 1.75 -0.01875 * (70-SHAB)

<70 m 0025 * SHAB

For collective housing:

SHAB Number of occupiers

<10 m A

10 <... <50 m² 1.75 -0.01875 * (50-SHAB)

<70 m 0035 * SHAB

11

SHAB (Surface Habitable) : Living space

32

Appendix 4: Rules of Accounting for energy production on plot

Extract of EN 15978: Allocation of energy in case of produced energy for building related ana non-

nuilding related energy use.

33

Appendix 5: Division into work package for the contributor products and equipment.

The division used for the HQE Performance 2012 experiment is presented below.

The division into 14 lots must be observed, regardless of the project assessed. The second column

"Type of components to be integrated into this lot" should be used as a checklist for the person

carrying the LCA. This list may bring homogeneity in the boundaries the different study.

Work package Types of components to be integrated into this lot

Comments

1. External works

Gas network (on plot) Including connection devices

Drinking water network (on plot) Including connection devices

Heating and cooling network (on plot) Including connection devices

Electricity grid (on plot)

Including connection devices

Telecommunications network (building-plot limit)

Including connection devices

Drainage system, rainwater drainage, sewage

network

Including connection devices and lift

pump wastewater, if necessary

Oil interceptors and other on-site pretreatment

systems for wastewater

Sewerage works (on plot)

Recovery and storage of rainwater

includ. EP retention pond, storm basin

(in the open air or buried), tanks,

pumps, pipes

Semi-buried structures such as underground

retention basins stormwater in or out of control buildings

Vats and tanks for fuel, wood silos

storage for fuel oil, LPG, wood pellets

Access Road (on plot), footpaths

includ. sub-layers, coatings, curbs,

sidewalks

Parking garages and outdoor covered or closed

(cars, bikes)

Soil retaining structures on the parcel: retaining

walls, ground anchors, etc..

Terrace and small walls of landscaped gardens

directly on the floor (slab casting, slabs) small masonry

Other siding

eg ground playground, paving on studs,

wood decking, ...

Fence: gates, railings, trellises, gates, gates, walls

and retaining walls In principle edge of the plot

Ground-coupled heat exchange systems (

ventilation or heat-pump systems)

Water pumping

if need to pump water, if water is too

close, to protect basements. (Hydraulic

equipment, mechanical and electrical

stations, water pumping)

34

Exterior lighting (on plot)

network and street lamps, windows,

tags, etc..

2. Foundations

and

infrastructure

Building foundations: blinding concrete,

foundation, stringers, hedgehog, waterproofing,

anti-termite treatment, drainage device, sealing,

footings, piles, micro piles, wells, retaining walls,

other special foundations, sills, casings, pits, probes

and geothermal wells, etc..)

Ground adaptation - Earthmoving -

Excavations -> Site contributor

Supporting structure for car parks and basements:

posts, beams, slabs, etc..

Basement walls, basement walls

Ramps (vehicle) and steps providing access to the

building, basement stairs, walls of the elevator

shaft

fire escapes and stairways front part of

lot 3

3. Superstructure

- Masonry

Exterior walls in elevation (masonry, walls, etc..)

includ. reinforcement, wall ties, seals.

The facades are promising to integrate

here

Vertical supporting elements: columns, shear walls BA frames if includ.

Horizontal supporting elements: beams, headers,

etc.. BA frames if includ.

Paving, floors, tiles, steel bins Floor (composite

floor), compression plates, slab roof terrace,

balconies

BA frames if includ.

includ. thermal bridge breakers

Thermal and acoustic switches

Interior and exterior stairs, pedestrian ramps

(accessibility)

BA frames if includ.. Fire escapes -

heavy (concrete) or light (metal) - are

also set here

4. Roof – Cover

and framework

Frame incl connecting elements

Sealing of roof or flat roof

includ. protection of this seal

but outside thermal insulation (Lot 5)

Elements of coverage for sloped roofs

Paving, coating, heavy protection, shade house roof

terrace

the roof deck can be accessed or not

(the structural slab is lot 3)

Complex for green roof

Chimneys, skylights, vents, smoke, etc.. Roof

roof windows are in Lot 6

solar panels are also

Evacuating to limit building in EP: gutters and

gutter runs

Other articles of zinc works

5. Interior Walls

(Partitioning -

Dubbing -

Suspended

ceilings - Interior

woodwork)

Interior doors, screen doors, fire doors, basement

doors, garage doors in individual basement

includ. hardware, locksmith (painting

doors in Lot 7)

Distribution of partitions, fixed or mobile / portable includ. metal frame if necessary

Partitioning utility lines, various encloisonnements

includ. metal frame if necessary - Y / c

acoustic insulation (coatings in Lot 7)

35

Suspended ceilings and attic ceilings

including fixing system / suspension,

and filling the plenum if not accounted

for elsewhere (thermal or acoustic

insulation, fire protection)

includ. hanging ceilings.

Roller shutter boxes incl thermal insulation

Interior coatings and linings without insulation of

walls and partitions (plasterboard)

Thermal insulation (attic / roof, exterior walls,

floors down, tile, etc..)

Attention is considered here the

internal thermal insulation.

Attention to the elements of

distributed insulation, the elements

having a structural function is to be

recognized in Lot 3

Sound insulation (walls, partitions, floors)

for sound insulation but also correcting

internal acoustic spaces

Vapor barrier, air barrier movie

Materials for protection against fire includ. underground

Guardrails, handrails

equipping including staircases,

corridors or

Raised floor slabs on pads

= False floors (eg in offices, computer

rooms)

Cupboards or prefabricated joinery

6. Facades,

exterior joinery

work and

windows

Wall insulation from the outside (ITE)

includ.. protections, reinforcements

and coated facade that go with

Surface coating

Exterior wood stain and varnish

Painting of exterior elements

the metal elements including

includ. corrosion protection

painting the façade elements

(underside of balconies eg)

Light facades (not carriers)

includ. fasteners, adhesives and

sealants

Cladding, Cladding, hairnets

includ. fasteners, adhesives and

sealants

Ventilation grills those to the outside

Rainscreen

Dressing tables and arches

Garage doors, collective or to the outside

Entrance doors, service doors of unheated rooms,

doors (vehicular and pedestrian) of underground

parking, emergency exits

that is to say, all doors leading outside,

all materials

Windows, doors, skylights, windows fixed

incl associated glazing

incl windows of commercial premises

Closures (shutters, blinds, shutters)

Sun protection, solar shading, garden screen,

blinds, blackout curtains

they are located outside or inside the

windows

Supports Bay

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Railings, trellises, gates and security bars

includ. cladding balconies and terraces

in height

Conservatories, greenhouses, glazed roofing atria,

domes ...

frame and filler materials (the glass

often +)

all parties, operable or not

7. Interior

finishes (Floor

coverings, walls

and ceilings -

Cover-Paintings -

Decorative

Products)

Floating screeds or dissociated

The thermo-acoustic insulation under

screed is in Lot 5

Screed

Acoustic underlayment (terminating under

coatings)

Resilient flooring includ. glue.

Hard Flooring includ. glue, sealant

Cast flooring, industrial type, painted ...

Former painted floor: parking garages,

equipment rooms

Baseboards, thresholds bars

Wall coverings (paint interior walls, various siding,

wall tiles, etc..)

includ. products implementation (glue,

gaskets ...)

Former interior facings of briquettes,

wood paneling ...

Ceiling paintings

Stains & varnishes interior includ. painting doors and windows

8. HVAC (Heating

- Ventilation -

Cooling –

Domestic Hot

Water)

Heating / cooling and / or domestic hot water

production: gas boilers, oil, biomass or heat pumps

includ. Woodstove, Fireplace, insert,

cogenerator

Production of sanitary hot water: hot water heater,

electric, gas or solar water heating individual

Production of cold

includ. Group of chilled water

production

Cooling Tower, Cooling towers

Other production equipment: station, heat

recovery systems, etc..

Transmitters hot water: hot water heater

including their auxiliaries (pumps,

piping, boiler, expansion tank, valves,

integrated controller, etc..)

Heating power to direct mail still visible

Comfort units: fan coils, chilled beams

includ. Convection, Radiant, Radiator,

towel dryer

Conduits and fittings networks (for ventilation, air

conditioning, heating)

network to consider: between the

boiler or the production equipment

and transmitters.

includ. flexible duct, rigid, elbows and

fittings

includ. filters, screens, sound traps,

balancing members ...

incl piping systems associated with

heat recovery

includ. insulation of pipes

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Air treatment

includ. air handling unit, Central double

flow air filters

Ventilation box

includ. VMC single stream, dual stream

VMC, Ventilation box

Air diffusion

includ. dumb terminals, diffusers, air

intakes, Bouches extraction

Smoke extraction

includ. Subwoofer smoke alone

Fire dampers

Cartridges fire or flame arrestor

Grills or smoke dampers

Domestic gas network

Chimneys

9. Sanitary

facilities

Toilet (bowl and sets hunting), Urinals

Shower trays, Bathtubs

Basins, sinks, water fountains

Valves, push buttons, water saving systems

Dressing bathing, sealants, fixed furniture, mirrors

eg doors and shower walls, outside

wall tiles (in coatings lot7)

Furniture under sink

DHW storage tanks

Installation treatment of water intended for human

consumption

Softeners, heat or chemical treatments

against Legionella ...

Network inside hot water and cold water, any

thermal insulation

ECS and water intended for human

consumption

Domestic network for rainwater systems

in the case of a building with double

networks, for feeding eg toilet flushing.

Piped sewerage and sewage

to exit the building (then see VRD)

10. Electrical

power grids and

communication

network (high

and low voltage)

An electrical transformer

This does not apply to all buildings

Installations and electrical equipment for power

distribution

includ. tables and cabinets

Facilities and equipment for communication

networks (telephone, computers, internet ...) wired

or wireless

includ. tables and cabinets

Solutions for cable routing

includ. protectors, sleeves, ducts, cable

trays, skirting technical chutes

Equipment for power management (lighting,

heating, hot water, blinds and shutters / GTB and

GTC)

process control devices, networks, to

supervisor

Engine doors and shutters

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Lightning rod

Earthed and earthed

Son and cables

Son and telecommunications cables

11. Safety

equipments and

systems

Intrusion detection system includ. underground

The access control system includ. underground

CCTV system includ. underground

Security lighting system includ. underground

Fire safety system includ. underground

12. lighting

General interior lighting;

outside lighting (see lot 11)

Interior lighting secondary to mood and accent;

Outdoor lighting General;

Outdoor lighting architectural and decorative;

And control systems for controlling the lighting;

Low voltage networks dedicated to lighting.

12. Lifts

Elevators, dumbwaiters

incl all their auxiliaries (machinery,

safety)

Escalators

Same as above

Suspended access equipment

13. Electicity

generating units

Photovoltaic system, wind associated with the

building

panels, inverter, sealing, ...

incl brackets.

includ. electrical cables and trunking

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