Hp1 1 the tobacco altas 10th anniversay
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Transcript of Hp1 1 the tobacco altas 10th anniversay
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
WCTOH Plenary
March 22 9:00 – 10.30 a.m.
A global overview of tobacco control and tobacco industry from the public health,
economic, and political perspective
Tobacco Atlas 10th Anniversary
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
John Seffrin, PhD
Chief Executive Officer,
American Cancer Society
Introduction
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United Nations High-Level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases
September 2001
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“I love everything new, delicious and round”
Advertisement slogan for Kiss Cigarettes in Russia, 2011
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Michael Eriksen, ScD
Georgia State University,
Institute of Public Health
Harm, Prevalence, and Industry Trends
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
Deaths
• Each year, 6 million deaths are caused by tobacco use
• 80% of deaths occur in LMIC
• Tobacco accounts for more
than 15% of male and 7% of
female deaths globally
• 100 million deaths in
20th century
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
Harm • Harm from tobacco will extend decades
into the future
• Tobacco smoke contains 7,000 chemicals and compounds; at least 69 cause cancer
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Secondhand Smoking
• 600,000 deaths annually from secondhand smoke exposure
• Highest exposure rates
(over 50%) in Western Pacific region
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Nicotine Delivery Systems • Providers of nicotine
– Pharmaceutical Companies
– Entrepreneurs
– Tobacco Companies
• The Unanswered Question: From whom will you buy your nicotine?
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
Cigarette Consumption • Nearly 20% of the adult
population smokes
• Top 5 consumers
– China, Russian Federation, US, Indonesia, Japan
• Consumption shifting from West to East (1990-2009)
– Western Europe dropped 26%
– Middle East and Africa increased 57%
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
Male Tobacco Use
• 800 million adult men worldwide smoke cigarettes
• 80% of male smokers are in low- and middle-income countries
• Average smoking prevalence by income category
– HIC: 30%
– MIC: 34%
– LIC: 21%
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Male Tobacco Use
Men’s smoking rates are ten times as
high as women’s in 49 countries.
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Female Tobacco Use
• Nearly 200 million adult women smoke cigarettes
• 50% of female smokers are in low- and middle-income countries
• Average smoking prevalence by income category
– HIC: 19%
– MIC: 5%
– LIC: 3%
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Female Tobacco Use
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Youth Tobacco Use • Boys’ and girls’ smoking rates differ by less
than 5 percentage points in almost half of the world’s countries
• At least 25 countries where more girls smoke than boys
• Majority of smokers begin in their youth
• Approximately a third of youth who initiate smoking eventually die as a result of an adolescent decision
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Youth Tobacco Use
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Growing Tobacco
• 3.8 million hectares
• 7.1 million tonnes
• China produces 43% of the world’s tobacco (more than other top nine growers combined)
• 2000-2009: Area harvested decreased by the same amount production quantity increased (approx. 7%)
• Grown in 124 countries
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Tobacco Companies • Global cigarette market valued at almost
half a trillion dollars (taxes excluded)
• Comparable to GDP of Poland and Sweden
• CNTC manufactured 2.1 trillion of the world’s 5.9 trillion cigarettes (2008)
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Undue Influence
• Political Influence
– 2010, US: 168 lobbyists employed and $16.6 million spent to influence politics
• Corporate Social Responsibility
– 2010, PMI: donated $25 million from their $7.5 billion profits (less than 1% of net profits)
• Front Groups
– Partner with associations, think tanks, industry groups
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Profit per Death
• $35 billion in annual profits
• 6 million deaths each year
• Nearly $6,000 in profit for every death
caused by tobacco
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Hana Ross, PhD
American Cancer Society
Economics of Tobacco Control
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Global Cigarette Production
* Between 2000 and 2010, cigarette production noticeably shifted from the western to the eastern part of Europe.
*
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Cigarettes Dominate, but Are Not the Only Tobacco Product of
the Tobacco Industry
Value of global tobacco industry production measured at retail sales price (all taxes included) in 2010, in billions, USD
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Global Smokeless Tobacco Sales Volume 60% increase 2000 – 2010
Measured in tonnes
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Between 2000 and 2008, Total Costs Attributable to Tobacco Use in China More
Than Quadrupled
2000 $7.2 billion
2008 $28.9 billion
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Direct vs. Indirect Tobacco-Related Costs
Direct health-care costs are only a portion of the total cost of tobacco to society. The ratio depends on the country's health-care system and income level.
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Change in Affordability
2000 – 2010
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Affordability Chapter: Minutes of Labor Required to Purchase a Pack of Cigarettes
At median wage in 2009
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Cigarette Consumption Goes Down as Tobacco Taxes Go Up
Real (inflation-adjusted) price of a pack of cigarettes in 1990
Shekels (NIS) in Israel. Increases in cigarette prices were driven
by tax increases.
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Tax Revenues Goes Up as Tobacco Taxes Go Up
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Tobacco Taxes
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Illicit Cigarettes $31.3 billion tax revenue loss per year
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The Industry Tends to Exaggerate the Scope of Illicit Trade
as a Counterargument Against Tobacco Control Measures
Illicit trade as a percent of total consumption
Estimates of illicit cigarette trade from the tobacco industry vs. the estimates from academic studies
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
Michal Stoklosa, M.A.
American Cancer Society
Economics of Tobacco Control
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Manufacturing Cigarettes
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Hongyun Factory
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Hongyun Factory
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Judith Mackay, FRCP
World Lung Foundation
Solutions
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FCTC: 87% of World
BUT 20 countries not ratified
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FCTC & MPOWER
Monitor tobacco use and
prevention policies
Protectpeople from tobacco
smoke
Offer help to quit tobacco use
Warn about the dangers of
tobacco
Enforce bans on tobaco
advertising, promotion, and
sponsorship
Raise taxes on tobacco
Articles 20, 21
Article 8
Article 14
Articles 11, 12
Article 13
Article 6
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Smoke-free areas: doubled 2008 to 2010
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SFA: Increasing, no loss of income
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Warning labels: ~ 50 Pictorial
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Pictorial Packet Warnings: 1st: Canada 2000
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Plain Packaging: Australia
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Legal Challenges
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Mass Media Campaigns
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Human rights – treaties, conventions and agreements
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Funding
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UN Summit, September 2011
BUT tobacco is not included in the MDG
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The “end game”
By 2025: 40% reduction in prevalence (WHO) By 2040: End-game: <5%
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Questions & Answers
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Peter Baldini
CEO, World Lung Foundation
A Tool for Action
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Empower advocates
Educate the public
Inspire policy makers
Our goal
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• TODAY, your country’s UN representative is meeting in informal negotiations around the UN Rio+20 summit on sustainability
• Use the Atlas or TobaccoAtlas.org to find compelling data about your country
• Visit 15000aDay.org to send your U.N. Representative an email, urging negotiations to make health and tobacco control a priority
Advocate
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Thank you to our organizational partners, especially WHO and CDC. And to the dozens of individuals without whom the Atlas would not be possible, including researchers, reviewers
and ACS and WLF staff.
Acknowledgements
www.TobaccoAtlas.org
@WorldLungFoundation
@ACSGlobal
Facebook.com/WorldLungFoundation
Facebook.com/ACSGlobal
Thank you