Howard Zinn “No flag is large enough to cover the shame of killing innocent people”—Howard...
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Transcript of Howard Zinn “No flag is large enough to cover the shame of killing innocent people”—Howard...
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Howard Zinn
• “No flag is large enough to cover the shame of killing innocent people”—Howard Zinn
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Zinn Analysis 2014
• Preview Question– What are we typically taught about Christopher
Columbus in school and in the textbooks?– Why might this be?
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Zinn Analysis 2014• Step 1:– Compare your responses to the OPVL chart and the
summary questions with the person across from you.– Then discuss with the entire group.– Add additional comments onto your own sheet.
• Step 2:– Even numbers (A2, A4, B2, B4, etc.) rotate over to
the next group letter.– Again compare your responses with your new group.
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Zinn Analysis 2014• Step 3:– Each group will be assigned, O,P,V, or L– For your assigned letter, fill out 3 sticky notes, each with key information for
your letter and place them on the corresponding poster paper around the room.
– Also, each group should select 1 quote that they found to be most interesting from the Zinn article (again write it on a sticky note and place it on the poster)
– Finally, each group must discuss 1 difference in how Columbus is portrayed between Zinn and Elementary/Middle School (write on sticky note and place on poster)
• Step 4:– Gallery Walk: Rotate around the room and add info to your answer sheet.– I encourage you to take pictures of the posters with your smart phones
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Zinn Analysis 2014
• Post-Activity Questions:– Go over O, P, V, and L
• What did you find most interesting? Why?• Why don’t you think Zinn’s portrayal of
Columbus is the one we get in most textbooks? What accounts for this difference?
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We’re Coming to America
Establishing the Colonies and the Roots of
Revolution
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Factors Contributing to English Colonization of N. America
• Mercantilism• Fur Trade• Wealth/Resources/Land/
Opportunity• Competition with Spain,
Portugal, France• Escape Religious Persecution
– Puritans, Quakers, etc.
• Others…FORCED…Who?... Why?
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Triangular Slave Trade
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Colonial America: On the Eve of the French and Indian War
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)• Main Issue: Control of the Ohio River
Valley– British pushing west; wary of French
influence in N. America– French need Ohio R. Valley to keep link
b/n Canada and lower Mississippi Valley/Caribbean
• George Washington triggers a World War!– Washington’s Ohio Mission (May 1754)…
commissioned by VA• Prevent French from building fort• Defeated; British seek retaliation…sparks war
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)• Became largest World War…up to that point
• Albany Congress (1754)…Goals– Short Term: Win Iroquois loyalty to Brits– Long Term: Promote greater colonial unity;
build stronger defense against French
• Albany Plan for Union– Ben Franklin created a plan for colonial self-
rule: dealt w/ defense & Indian Affairs– Adopted by Albany Congress
• Rejected by colonies: “not enough independence”• Rejected by British: “too much independence”
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)• British struggle early under General Braddock
– Fail in invasion of Canada in 1756
• William Pitt becomes leader of Brit. Govt.– Strategy: Avoid clashes w/ French in Caribbean; Focus on
France in N. America to win the War (Quebec/Montreal)
• Battle of Quebec (1759-1760)– One of the most significant battles in British and American
history…British victory opens the door to Montreal– Battle of Montreal (1760)
• British victory effectively ends French power/influence in North America• Leads to the eventual Treaty of Paris
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)
• Treaty of Paris (1763)– France was effectively
removed from N. America• (Technically, land west of
Miss. River still French, but not yet settled…given by French to Sapin
– Great Britain emerged as the dominant power in N. America and as the leading naval power in the world
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)
• Friction b/n Colonies and British after the war– Colonies emerge from war with increased confidence in
their military strength• Colonial leaders angry so few promoted in Brit. army
– Brits upset American merchants traded with Spanish and French W. Indies during the war
– American westward colonial expansion increased significantly after the war• French barrier w. of Appalachians removed• Spanish/Indian threats removed in many areas• Settlers no longer as dependent on Brits for protection
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)• Aftermath of the French and Indian War
– Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)• Ottawa Chief, Pontiac (former French ally) refuses to surrender lands
to Brits• Leads Native Amer. Alliance against Brits in OH Valley and Great Lakes
– 9/11 British forts taken; 2,000 killed
• Takes Brits 18 months to restore control– Used Germ Warfare: distributed blankets w/ small pox to natives– Rebellion subdued in October 1764
– Convince Brits of need to normalize relations w/ Native Americans
– Sets stage for Proclamation Act of 1763
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French and Indian War (1754-1763)
• Aftermath of the French and Indian War– Proclamation Act of 1763
• Issued by King George in response to Pontiac’s Rebellion
• Prohibits colonists from moving west of the Appalachians– Why?
• Colonists infuriated…why?– Feel betrayed– Argue land is their birthright as British citizens– Colonists largely ignore
– Sets the stage for further tensions b/n colonies & G.B.