minivationPresents their notes on:

John Holden (2009).How We Value Arts and culture.

Asia Pacific Journal of Arts & Cultural ManagementVol. 6, No. 2, pp. 447 – 456.

Culture in the past

viewed much more simplistically.

Elitism formed becauseconsumption and social statuswere linked.

High culture not for the masses.If it did = no longer high culture.

But culture also meant

more general things.

Like football, cooking, dancingand watching TV.

Two meanings = oppositional.

High culture vs popular culture.

This led to a lot of confusion.

high vs low

refined vs debased

elitist vs popularist

Left attack = middle class

toffee nosed pursuit.

Right attack = interferenceon the market.

Left praise = Good life affirming

thing that everyone should have

access to.

Right praise = Civilising and calmingthe masses and keepingorder in society.

Today though…

…three types of interrelated cultures:

• Publicly funded

• Commercial

• Home-made

What gets funded becomes culture.

Control by bureaucrats.

Market driven. But, access to deals still have gatekeepers.

Control by commercial mandarin class.

Culture is much broader. Prosumers define quality of culture.

Control by informal self-selecting peer group.

Consequences of this…

Prosumers.

Our identity and our role

changes and shifts as we

critique, write, sing,

produce, dance et cetera

and share our content.

producers + consumers

The internet is just one factorthat enables this to happen.

Cheap cameras, instruments

and free software all contribute

to this new era.

Does this shift matter?

Yes, because now culture is no longerjust a small part of the economyand something quaint for society.

Cultures value is now HUGE!

“It seems that people are valuing experiences,and the things that give their lives meaning.

They are letting go of the consumptionof goods sooner, than letting go of theirconsumption and production of culture.”

p.451

Reason 1: Value…

“We are all having much moreinteraction with and exposure

to other people and other nations.We encounter difference at every turn,

what happens on the streets of NYone minute can lead to riots

in Islamabad the next.In these circumstances we understandand misunderstand each other as well,

through the medium of culture.”p.451

Reason 2: Foreign relations…

“…where we define ourselvesnot so much by our jobs

- because those come and go -and not so much by our geography

- because we move around -but by our cultural consumption and production.

I am who I am, and you are who you are,because of what we watch, read, listen to, write

and play.”p.451

Reason 3: Identity…

CC 2011 minivationminivation, Unit 27 City Business Centre, Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 7JF

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks.All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarksof their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

DISCLAIMER: Whilst the information herein is supplied in good faith, no responsibility is taken by either the publisher or the authorfor any damage, injury or loss, however caused, which may arise from the use of the information provided.

www.minivation.org

This work is published for educational purposes by minivation and is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License.

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Graphics referenced on page all others CC 9ines.

All this serves to shift the need for culturefrom being a ‘nice’ thing to behold,

to an essential element of our continuingeducation.

Even our ability to networkand/or access groups.

In this new paradigm, none of theseare more important than any other.

They are reliant on one another.

Policynow moreimportant.

Much broader issuesconcerned with culture.

Culture concerned withmuch broader issues.

Intrinsic

Instrumental Institutional

Behold, the three (contemporary)values of culture…

p.454

Intrinsic:

Abstract notions = fun / beauty / sublime.

Difficult (for policy) to measure and describe.

“Intrinsic means integral to,or an essential part of.”

p.452

Instrumental:

Accomplishment of (external)aims through the culture.

Culture is seen as an implement

for reaching these aims.

Individual pleasure ≠ mass pleasure.

p.452

Politicians want to please the masses.

- hospital waiting times- exam results- regeneration of an area- crime reduction

Institutional:

The way the cultural suppliers actin our society.

What they do + how they do it= added value.

They can be the glue in our society.

They can be the touch paper in our society.

They can challenge us.

They can persuade us.

They can guide us.

Intrinsic

Instrumental Institutional

All th

ree:

•ar

e ne

eded

•ar

e re

lated

•m

ust e

xist.

Conclusion

“ What you value, and the language and metrics youuse to describe that value, depends on who you are.”

Motivation = key.

Funders. Owners.Producers.

Individuals.

Politicians.

p.455

CC minivationminivation, Unit 27 City Business Centre, Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 7JF

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks.All brand names and product names used in this publication are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarksof their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned.

DISCLAIMER: Whilst the information herein is supplied in good faith, no responsibility is taken by either the publisher or the authorfor any damage, injury or loss, however caused, in any form, which may arise from the use of the information provided.

www.minivation.org

This work is published for educational purposes by minivation (2012) and is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License.

To view a copy of this licence, visit:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

or send a letter to:

Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA