How to write a neuroimaging paper

CCNC Neuroimaging Workshop 201605/03/2023

How to write a neuroimaging paper

Tae Young Lee, MDSeoul National University Hospital

CCNC Neuroimaging Workshop 2016

What do Impact Factors tell us ?rank Title Impact factor1 CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 131.7232 New England Journal of Medicine 59.5583 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 47.1204 Lancet 44.0025 Nature Biotechnology 43.1136 Nature Review Immunology 39.4167 Nature Materials 38.8918 Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 38.6029 Nature 38.13810 Annual Review of Astronomy and As-

trophysics37.846

11 JAMA 37.68412 Chemical Reviews 37.369


Chief-EditorEditors

Who is the Journal Editors ?


Clini-cians

Psycholo-gist

Neuroimaging ex-perts

Statisti-cians

Neuroscientists

Who is the Reviewers ?

CCNC Neuroimaging Workshop 2016 CHANGE TITLE IN >VIEW>SLIDE MASTER

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Who is the Readers ?


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What are the issues ?


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What do readers want ?


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What are the main issues ?

Figure adapted from wikipedia “Mississippi River”


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Doing a research


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Components of a Research

40%

40%

10%10%

Domain KnowledgeResearch DesignPerform an analysisWriting a paper


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Doing a research


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8 reasons I accepted your article• It provides insight into an important issue

• The insight is useful to people who make decisions

• The insight is used to develop a framework or theory

• The insight stimulates new, important questions

• The methods used to explore the issue are appropriate

• The methods used are applied rigorously and explain why and how the data

support the conclusions

• Connections to prior work in the field or from other fileds are made

• The article tells a good story

Zwaaf. Elsevier Connect 2013


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Top down & bottom up research

Figure adapted from sahriskmanager.wordpress.com 2013


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What do you write ?


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• Describe both who the subjects were and who they were not

• Describe both what the subjects were asked to do and what they actually

did

• Know what “Talairach space” is and what it is not

• Specify how regions of interest were determined

• Provide enough detail to reproduce the analysis

• Report statistical tests to support all claims

• Always describe and account for the multiple testing problem

• Figures and tables should stand on their own

• Quality control measures should be documented

Guidelines for reporting an fMRI study


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• Dismiss self doubt

• Avoid dispassionate statements

• Submit your comments as late as possible

• The under-sampled study (< 16)

• The over-sampled study (> 32)

• Untenable assumptions (non-parametric analysis) (16 ~ 32)

• Question the validity (cross validation)

• Exploit superstitious thinking

Ten ironic rules for non-statistical reviewers


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False positives

Left Figure adapted from Bennett et al. NeuroImage 2009


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• Enough detail to allow exact replication

• Report an whole brain results and then further report ROI results

• First report the results for multiple comparisons and then employ more liberal

thresholds

• When several ROIs are used, correction for multiple comparisons

• Avoid ROI analyses be built post-hoc on the basis of the results

• Report a model with confounding variables and then emply study specific vari-

ables

• Report a statistical analysis modelling an agreed set of possible confounding vari-

ables

• Overlapping samples with previously published studies should be clearly ac-

knowledged

A Reliable Neuroimaging


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Ensure that the following items are present:• Include keywords

• All figures (include relevant captions)

• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)

• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided

• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print

• Manuscript has been spell checked and grammar checked

• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text

• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material

• Relevant declarations of interest have been made

• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed

• Referee suggestions and contact details provided Guide for Authors of NeuroImage


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Provided Results


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Transparent research


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Writing tips

Editor Reviewer

• Cover letter • Abstract

• Figures & Tables • Clearly & Succinct

• Policy • Political relation

• Citation & Impact factor • Friendship


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Writing tips

단계 포인트 Introduction • Why perform?; Why valuable?; What is the goal?

Method • Transparent; Reliable; Rigorous

Result • Clear; Goal-direct

Discussion • Clinical or Psychological Implication; Compare & Interpreta-tion

Conclusion • Take home message


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Thank you for your attention!

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How to write a neuroimaging paper

Health & Medicine

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