How to Use Ghost Script

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How to use Ghostscript

Table of contents

Invoking GhostscriptHelp at the command line: gs -h

Input from a pipeSelecting an output device

Printer resolutionOutput to files

One page per fileOutput to a pipeOutput to graphics file formatsBounding box output

Choosing paper sizeChanging the installed default paper size

How Ghostscript finds files

Finding PostScript Level 2 resourcesFont lookupTemporary files

Summary of environment variablesUsing Ghostscript with PDF files

PDF files from standard inputSwitches for PDF filesProblems interpreting a PDF file

Notes on specific platformsUnixVMS

Using X Windows on VMSMS WindowsMS-DOSX Windows

X resourcesWorking around bugs in X serversX fontsUsing Ghostscript fonts on X displaysX device parameters

SCO UnixSwitches

General switchesInput controlFile searchingSetting parametersSuppress messages

Parameter switches (-d and -s)Rendering parametersPage parametersFont-related parametersInteraction-related parametersDevice and output selection parameters



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Other parametersImproving performanceDebuggingAppendix: Paper sizes known to GhostscriptAppendix: X default font mappings

Standard X serversRegular fontsSymbol fontsDingbat fonts

Sun OpenWindows

or other information, see the Ghostscript overview, the new user's documentation on previewers and, if necessary,ow to install Ghostscript.

2 Invoking Ghostscript

The command line to invoke Ghostscript is essentially the same on all systems, although the name of the executablrogram itself may differ among systems. For instance, to invoke Ghostscript on Unix:

gs [switches] {filename 1} ... [switches] {filename N } ...

Ghostscript's name on different systems

System Ghostscript's name

Unix gs

VMS gs

DOS & MS Windows 3 gs386

MS Windows 95/98 gswin32

MS Windows 95/98 command line gswin32cOS/2 gsos2

Note, though, that on a system with a windowed graphical user interface, it's common to use Ghostscript through areviewer, so you should read the section about previewers in the documentation for new users.

Ghostscript is capable of interpreting PostScript, encapsulated PostScript (EPS), DOS EPS (EPSF), and -- if thexecutable was built for it -- Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF). The interpreter reads and executes the files equence, using the method described under "File searching" to find them. After doing this, it reads further lines of ostScript language commands from the primary input stream, normally the keyboard, interpreting each line separao quit the interpreter, type "quit". The interpreter also quits gracefully if it encounters end-of-file or control-C.

he interpreter recognizes many switches. A switch may appear anywhere in the command line, and applies to all famed after it on the line. Many of the switches include "=" followed by a parameter. (However, with the DOSxecutable gs386.exe in the standard Ghostscript distribution, you must use "#" rather than "=", because of a stranesign decision in the Watcom C/C++ run-time library used to build it.)

.1 Help at the command line: gs -h

You can get a brief help message by invoking Ghostscript with the -h or -? switch, like this:

gs -h

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gs -?

Of course, for "gs" use the right command for your system.) The message shows for this executable

its versionthe format of the command to invoke ita few of the most useful switchesthe formats it can interpretthe devices for which it can produce output

where it looks for font fileswhere and how to send bug reports

3 Input from a pipe

As noted above, one normally specifies input with file names on the command line. However, one can also "pipe"nput into Ghostscript by using the special file name "-" or "-_", for instance

{some program producing PS} | gs {...options...} - {some program producing PS} | gs {...options...} -_

hese switches differ from a named file in two respects:

1. When Ghostscript finishes reading from the pipe, it quits rather than going into interactive mode. Because ofthis, these switches are really only useful as the last argument on the command line.

2. These switches can't be used to pipe PDF input to Ghostscript. See "Using Ghostscript with PDF files" below

he difference between "-" and "-_" is that "-" reads the input one character at a time, which is useful for programuch as GSview that generate input for Ghostscript dynamically and watch for some response, whereas "-_" reads tnput in blocks, which is more efficient for ordinary (batch) execution.

4 Selecting an output device

Ghostscript may be built to handle multiple output devices, and it normally opens and directs output to the first oneuilt in. Ghostscript's gs -h help message lists the output devices known to the executable. Once you invoke

Ghostscript you can also find out what devices are available by "devicenames ==" at its command prompt.

A little more information about devices appears near the beginning of the files devs.mak (for drivers that areonsidered "part of" Ghostscript and are maintained by the maintainers of the main Ghostscript code) and contrib

for user-contributed drivers) used to build Ghostscript. (If you got Ghostscript under the Aladdin Free Public Licenhe person or place from which you got it is also required to make the source code available to you; if you got it undhe GNU General Public License (GPL), see the GNU General Public License for more information.)

To use device xyz as the initial output device, use the command-line switch

-sDEVICE= xyz

Note that this switch must precede the name of the first input file, and only its first use has any effect. For exampleor printer output in a configuration that includes an Epson printer driver, instead of just "gs myfile.ps" you mighse

gs -sDEVICE=epson myfile.ps

Alternatively, once you invoke Ghostscript and have its own command prompt you can type

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(epson) selectdevice

(myfile.ps) run

All output then goes to the Epson printer instead of the display until you do something to change devices. You canwitch devices at any time by using the selectdevice procedure, for instance like one of these:

(vga) selectdevice

(epson) selectdevice

A third possibility is to define an environment variable GS_DEVICE with the name of your desired default device. Trder of precedence for these alternatives, highest to lowest, is:

selectdevice Highest precedence(command line)GS_DEVICE (first device built in) Default; lowest precedence

4.1 Printer resolution

ome printers can print at several different resolutions, letting you balance resolution against printing speed. To sel

he resolution on such a printer, use the-r

switch:

gs -sDEVICE= printer -r XRESxYRES

or example, on Epson-compatible printers you have these choices:

gs -sDEVICE=epson -r60x72 9-pin lowest resolution fastest -r240x72 highest slowest

-r60x60 24-pin lowest fastest -r360x180 highest slowest

4.2 Output to files

f you select a printer as the output device, Ghostscript also allows you to control where the device sends its outputDOS and MS Windows systems, output normally goes directly to the printer (PRN); on Unix or VMS systems normo a temporary file for later printing. To send the output to a file, use the -sOutputFile= switch (for compatibility lder versions of Ghostscript, -sOUTPUTFILE= also works). For instance, to direct all output into the file ABC.xyz, u

gs -sOutputFile=ABC.xyz

he file name follows the PostScript convention that if a name begins with %, the name must be in the form %fileder %filedevice%file. The legal values of filedevice are system-dependent, but the following have consistent meaning

cross systems:

"%{filedevice}%{file}" in -sOutputFile=

filedevice Meaning

%os%xyz An ordinary file named xyz

%pipe%cmd (if supported) A pipe to an instance of the command cmd

%stdout The standard output file



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Note that because of this, if you want to specify a file name that actually begins with %, you must specify the %os%

ledevice explicitly: e.g., for output to a file named %abc, you need to specify -sOutputFile=%os%%abc . Note alson DOS and MS Windows systems, the % character has a special meaning for the command processor (shell), so yo

will have to double it, e.g., for a pipe on MS Windows,

gs -sOutputFile=%%pipe%%cmd

One page per file

You can also tell Ghostscript to put each page of output in a separate file. To send output to a series of files eachepresenting a single page, use in the filename the printf format specifier "%d" (or its extended form like "%02d");nstance

"%{n}d" in -sOutputFile=

Output specification Produces the series of 1-page files

-sOutputFile=ABC%d.xyz ABC1.xyz ... ABC10.xyz ...-sOutputFile=ABC%03d.xyz ABC001.xyz ... ABC010.xyz ...

As noted above, on DOS and MS Windows systems, you will have to double the % character, e.g.,

gs -sOutputFile=ABC%%03d.xyz

Output to a pipe

On Unix and (32-bit) MS Windows systems you can use this switch to send output directly to a pipe. For example,ipe the output to lpr, use the command

gs -sOutputFile=\|lpr

r, as noted above,

gs -sOutputFile=%pipe%lpr

doubling the % characters on MS Windows systems, as noted above.) You can also send output to standard output iping in the usual way supported by the system:

gs -sOutputFile=- -q | ...

r, as noted above,

gs -sOutputFile=%stdout -q | ...

again, doubling the % character on MS Windows systems.) In this case you must also use the -q switch to preventGhostscript from writing messages to standard output which become mixed with the intended output stream.

Output to graphics file formats

ile formats like PCX and PBM are also "devices". When you select a file format as the "device", you must alsopecify an output file, for instance

gs -sDEVICE=pcxmono -sOutputFile=xyz.pcx



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Here, as with printable files, you can use "%d" ("%%d" on DOS and MS Windows) to specify one page per output fi

Bounding box output

here is a special bbox "device" that just prints the bounding box of each page. You select it in the usual way:

gs -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=bbox

t prints the output in a format like this:

%%BoundingBox: 14 37 570 719%%HiResBoundingBox: 14.308066 37.547999 569.495061 718.319158

Currently, it always prints the bounding box on stderr; eventually, it should also recognize -sOutputFile=.

Note that this device, like other devices, has a resolution and a (maximum) page size. As for other devices, the prodresolution x page size) is limited to approximately 500K pixels. By default, the resolution is 4000 DPI and the

maximum page size is approximately 125", or approximately 9000 default (1/72") user coordinate units. If you neemeasure larger pages than this, you must reset both the resolution and the page size in pixels, e.g.,

gs -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=bbox -r100 -g500000x500000

4.3 Choosing paper size

Ghostscript is distributed configured to use U.S. letter paper as its default page size. There are two ways to select oaper sizes from the command line:

If the desired paper size is listed in the section on paper sizes known to Ghostscript below, you can select it athe default paper size for a single invocation of Ghostscript by using the -sPAPERSIZE= switch, for instance

-sPAPERSIZE=a4

-sPAPERSIZE=legal

Otherwise, let w be the desired paper width and h be the desired paper height, in 1/72" units. You can set thepage size using the pair of switches

-dDEVICEWIDTHPOINTS=w -dDEVICEHEIGHTPOINTS=h

ndividual documents can (and often do) specify a paper size, which takes precedence over the default size. To forcpecific paper size and ignore the paper size specified in the document, select a paper size as just described, and alsnclude the -dFIXEDMEDIA switch on the command line.

4.4 Changing the installed default paper size

You can change the installed default paper size in installing Ghostscript or later, by editing the initialization files_init.ps. Find the consecutive lines

% Optionally choose a default paper size other than U.S. letter.

% (a4)

hen to make A4 the default paper size, uncomment the second line to change this to

% Optionally choose a default paper size other than U.S. letter.

(a4)



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or a4 you can substitute any paper size Ghostscript knows.

5 How Ghostscript finds files

When looking for initialization files (gs_*.ps, pdf_*.ps), font files, the Fontmap file, and files named on theommand line, Ghostscript first tests whether the file name specifies an explicit directory.

Testing a file name for an explicit directory

System Does the name ...

Unix Begin with /, ./ or ../ ?DOS or MS Windows Have : as its second character, or begin with /, \, ./, ../, .\, or ..\ ?VMS Contain a node, device, root, or directory specification?

f the test succeeds, the file name specifies an explicit directory and Ghostscript tries to open the file using the namiven. Otherwise it tries directories in this order:

1. The current directory (unless disabled by the -P- switch);2. The directories specified by -I switches in the command line, if any;3. The directories specified by the GS_LIB environment variable, if any;4. The directories specified by the GS_LIB_DEFAULT macro (if any) in the makefile when this executable was bu

S_LIB_DEFAULT, GS_LIB, and the -I parameter may specify either a single directory or a list of directories separaty a character appropriate for the operating system (":" on Unix systems, "," on VMS systems, and ";" on DOSystems). We think that trying the current directory first is a very bad idea -- it opens serious security loopholes andan lead to very confusing errors if one has more than one version of Ghostscript in one's environment -- but whenttempted to change it, users insisted that we change it back. You can disable looking in the current directory first bsing the -P- switch.

Note that Ghostscript does not use this file searching algorithm for the run or file operators: for these operators, iimply opens the file with the name given. To run a file using the searching algorithm, use runlibfile instead of

5.1 Finding PostScript Level 2 resources

Ghostscript uses a completely different rule for looking for files containing PostScript Level 2 "resources": per theAdobe documentation, it concatenates together

1. the value of the system parameter GenericResourceDir (initially /Resource/)2. the name of the resource category (for instance, ProcSet)3. the value of the system parameter GenericResourcePathSep (initially "/")

4. the name of the resource instance (for instance, CIDInit)

o look up fonts, after exhausting the search method described in the next section, it concatenates together

1. the value of the system parameter FontResourceDir (initially /Resource/Font/)2. the name of the resource font (for instance, Times-Roman)

Note that even though the system parameters are named "somethingDir", they are not just plain directory names: thave "/" on the end, so that they can be concatenated with the category name or font name.

5.2 Font lookup



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Ghostscript has a slightly different way to find the file containing a font with a given name. This rule uses not onlyearch path defined by -I, GS_LIB, and GS_LIB_DEFAULT as described above, but also the directory that is the valuehe FontResourceDir system parameter, and an additional list of directories that is the value of the GS_FONTPATH

nvironment variable (or the value provided with the -sFONTPATH= switch, if present).

At startup time, Ghostscript reads in the Fontmap files in every directory on the search path (or in the list provided whe -sFONTMAP= switch, if present): these files are catalogs of fonts and the files that contain them. (See theocumentation of fonts for details.) Then, when Ghostscript needs to find a font that isn't already loaded into memo

goes through a series of steps.

First, it looks up the font name in the combined Fontmaps. If there is an entry for the desired font name, and file named in the entry can be found in some directory on the general search path (defined by -I, GS_LIB, anGS_LIB_DEFAULT), and the file is loaded successfully, and loading it defines a font of the desired name, that ithe end of the process.If this process fails at any step, Ghostscript looks for a file whose name is the concatenation of the value of thFontResourceDir system parameter and the font name, with no extension. If such a file exists, can be loadedand defines a font of the desired name, that again is the end. The value of FontResourceDir is normally thestring /Resource/Font/, but it can be changed with the setsystemparams operator: see the PostScriptLanguage Reference Manual for details.

If that fails, Ghostscript then looks for a file on the general search path whose name is the desired font name,with no extension. If such a file exists, can be loaded, and defines a font of the desired name, that again is thend.If that too fails, Ghostscript looks at the GS_FONTPATH environment variable (or the value provided with the -

sFONTPATH= switch, if present), which is also a list of directories. It goes to the first directory on the list, lookfor all files that appear to contain PostScript fonts; it then adds all those files and fonts to the combinedFontmaps, and starts over.If scanning the first FONTPATH directory doesn't produce a file that provides the desired font, it adds the nedirectory on the FONTPATH list, and so on until either the font is defined successfully or the list is exhausteFinally, if all else fails, it will try to find a substitute for the font from among the standard 35 fonts.

Differences between search path and font path

Search path Font path

-I switch -sFONTPATH= switch GS_LIB and GS_LIB_DEFAULT environment variables GS_FONTPATH environment variable Consulted first

Consulted only if search path andFontResourceDir don't provide the file.

Font-name-to-file-name mapping given in Fontmapfiles; aliases are possible, and there need not be anyrelation between the font name in the Fontmap andthe FontName in the file.

Font-name-to-file-name mapping is implicit -- theFontName in the file is used. Aliases are notpossible.

Only fonts and files named in Fontmap are used.

Every Type 1 font file in each directory isavailable; if TrueType fonts are supported (thettfont.dev feature was included when theexecutable was built), they are also available.

f you are using one of the following types of computer, you may wish to set the environment variable GS_FONTPAT

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he value indicated so that Ghostscript will automatically acquire all the installed Type 1 (and, if supported, TrueTyonts (but see below for notes on systems marked with "*"):

Suggested GS_FONTPATH for different systems

System type GS_FONTPATH

Digital Unix /usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1Adobe

Ultrix /usr/lib/DPS/outline/decwin

HP-UX 9 /usr/lib/X11/fonts/type1.st/typefaces

IBM AIX

/usr/lpp/DPS/fonts/outlines

/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1

/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/DPS

NeXT /NextLibrary/Fonts/outline

*SGI IRIX

/usr/lib/DPS/outline/base

/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1

SunOS 4.x(NeWSprint only)

newsprint_2.5/SUNWsteNP/reloc/$BASEDIR/NeWSprint/

small_openwin/lib/fonts

** SunOS 4.x /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline

** Solaris 2.x /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outlineVMS SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.XDPS.OUTLINE]

* On SGI IRIX systems, you must use Fontmap.SGI in place of Fontmap or Fontmap.GS, becauseotherwise the entries in Fontmap will take precedence over the fonts in the FONTPATH directories.

** On Solaris systems simply setting GS_FONTPATH or using -sFONTPATH= may not work, because for somereason some versions of Ghostscript can't seem to find any of the Type1 fonts in/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline . (It says: "15 files, 15 scanned, 0 new fonts". We think this problem has been fixed in Ghostscript version 6.0, but we aren't sure because we've never been able toreproduce it.) See Fontmap.Sol instead. Also, on Solaris 2.x it's probably not worth your while to add

Sun's fonts to your font path and Fontmap. The fonts Sun distributes on Solaris 2.x in the directories

/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1

/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline

are already represented among the ones distributed as part of Ghostscript; and on some test files, Sun'sfonts have been shown to cause incorrect displays with Ghostscript.

hese paths may not be exactly right for your installation; if the indicated directory doesn't contain files whose namre familiar font names like Courier and Helvetica, you may wish to ask your system administrator where to find thonts.

Adobe Acrobat comes with a set of fourteen Type 1 fonts, on Unix typically in a directory called .../Acrobat3/Fonhere is no particular reason to use these instead of the corresponding fonts in the Ghostscript distribution (which af just as good quality), except to save about a megabyte of disk space, but the installation documentation explainsow to do it on Unix and on DOS (where you can also use Adobe Type Manager fonts).

5.3 Temporary files

Where Ghostscript puts temporary files

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Platform Filename Location

DOS and OpenVMS _temp_XX.XXX Current directoryOS/2 gsXXXXXX Current directoryUnix gs_XXXXX /tmp

You can change in which directory Ghostscript creates temporary files by setting the TMPDIR or TEMP environmentariable to the name of the directory you want used. Ghostscript currently doesn't do a very good job of deletingemporary files if it exits because of an error; you may have to delete them manually from time to time.

6 Summary of environment variables

S, GSC (MS Windows only)Specify the names of the Ghostscript executables. GS brings up a new typein window and possibly a graphicswindow; GSC uses the DOS console. If these are not set, GS defaults to gswin32, and GSC defaults to gswin32

S_DEVICE

Defines the default output device.

S_FONTPATH

Specifies a list of directories to scan for fonts if a font requested can't be found anywhere on the search path.

S_LIB

Provides a search path for initialization files and fonts.

S_OPTIONS

Defines a list of command-line arguments to be processed before the ones actually specified on the commandline. For example, setting GS_DEVICE to XYZ is equivalent to setting GS_OPTIONS to -sDEVICE=XYZ. The conof GS_OPTIONS are not limited to switches; they may include actual file names or even "@file" arguments.

EMP, TMPDIR

Defines a directory name for temporary files. If bothTEMP

andTMPDIR

are defined,TMPDIR

takes precedence.

7 Using Ghostscript with PDF files

Ghostscript is normally built (except on 16-bit DOS platforms) to interpret both PostScript and PDF files, examininach file to determine automatically whether its contents are PDF or PostScript. All the normal switches androcedures for interpreting PostScript files also apply to PDF files, with a few exceptions. In addition, the pdf2pstility uses Ghostscript to convert PDF to (Level 2) PostScript.

7.1 PDF files from standard input

Using the "-" or "-_" switch you can provide PDF input from a file, but not from a pipe, because the PDF languagnlike the PostScript language, inherently requires random access to the file, while a pipe is always sequential. Tha

gs -_ < somefile.pdf (is permissible){some program producing PDF} | gs -_ (is not permissible)

7.2 Switches for PDF files

dFirstPage= pagenumber



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Begins interpreting on the designated page of the document.

dLastPage= pagenumber

Stops interpreting after the designated page of the document.

dPrinted

dPrinted=false

Determines whether the file should be displayed or printed using the "screen" or "printer" options for annotatand images. With -dPrinted, the output will use the file's "print" options; with -dPrinted=false, the outpu

will use the file's "screen" options. If neither of these is specified, the output will use the screen options for aoutput device that doesn't have an OutputFile parameter, and the printer options for devices that do have thiparameter.

sPDFPassword= password

Sets the user or owner password to be used in decoding encrypted PDF files.

7.3 Problems interpreting a PDF file

Occasionally you may try to read or print a *.pdf file that Ghostscript doesn't recognize as PDF, even though the sle can be opened and interpreted by an Adobe Acrobat viewer. This can happen when, for instance, a PDF file

roduced on a Macintosh is carelessly moved to another kind of system, leaving now-useless Macintosh-specific defore the standard header. Ghostscript can't read these files because they don't conform to the PDF standard, Adobortable Document Format Reference Manual, version 1.2, which states:

The first line of a PDF file specifies the version number of the PDF specification to which the fileadheres.... [T]he first line of a 1.2-conforming PDF file should be %PDF-1.2.

However, in an appendix the manual also says that Adobe

Acrobat viewers are very liberal in their check for a valid PDF header. All viewers allow the header toappear anywhere in the first 1,000 bytes of the file.

Ghostscript doesn't do this: it expects PDF files to conform to the standard, because that's how it recognizes themmong other formats it handles, unlike Acrobat viewers which need deal only with PDF and can therefore afford to

more liberal with PDF. So if you encounter a file with useless characters before the header and you want to use it wGhostscript, you can fix it by stripping the extra characters from before the standard header. The file should begin wxactly the characters

%PDF

DF files are binary, not text, so be careful to edit the file as a binary, not as text. On Unix, after determining theength of the useless prefix string, which you can do with od, you can use tail to strip them off. For instance:

od -c Macintosh.pdf | more ;# shows that %PDF occurs after 128 characters

tail +128c Macintosh.pdf >Legal.pdf

On PCs and other systems you can use the hexl program distributed with GNU emacs to convert the PDF file toditable text form. After editing, hexl can convert the text form back to binary.

8 Notes on specific platforms

8.1 Unix

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he Ghostscript distribution includes some Unix shell scripts to use with Ghostscript in different environments. Thre all user-contributed code, so if you have questions, please contact the user identified in the file, not Aladdinnterprises or artofcode LLC.

v.sh

Preview a specified page of a dvi file in an X window

ysvlp.sh

System V 3.2 lp interface for parallel printer

j-gs.sh

Printing on an H-P PaintJet under HP-UX

nix-lpr.sh

Queue filter for lpr under Unix; its documentation is intended for system administrators

prsetup.sh

Setup for unix-lpr.sh

8.2 VMSTo be able to specify switches and file names when invoking the interpreter, define gs as a foreign command

$ gs == "$disk :[directory]gs.exe"

where the "disk " and "directory" specify where the Ghostscript executable is located. For instance,

$ gs == "$dua1:[ghostscript]gs.exe"

On VMS systems, the last character of each "directory" name indicates what sort of entity the "directory" refto. If the "directory" name ends with a colon ":", it is taken to refer to a logical device, for instance

$ define ghostscript_device dua1:[ghostscript_510]

$ define gs_lib ghostscript_device:

If the "directory" name ends with a closing square bracket "]", it is taken to refer to a real directory, for insta

$ define gs_lib dua1:[ghostscript]

Defining the logical GS_LIB

$ define gs_lib disk :[directory]

allows Ghostscript to find its initialization files in the Ghostscript directory even if that's not where theexecutable resides.

Although VMS DCL itself converts unquoted parameters to upper case, C programs such as Ghostscript recetheir parameters through the C runtime library, which forces all unquoted command-line parameters to lowercase. That is, with the command

$ gs -Isys$login:

Ghostscript sees the switch as -isys$login , which doesn't work. To preserve the case of switches, quote the

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like this:

$ gs "-Isys$login:"

If you write printer output to a file with -sOutputFile= and then want to print the file later, use"PRINT/PASSALL".

PDF files (or PostScript files that use the setfileposition operator) must be "stream LF" type files to workproperly on VMS systems. ( Note: This definitely matters if Ghostscript was compiled with DEC C; we are n

sure of the situation if you use gcc.) Because of this, if you transfer files by FTP, you probably need to do onthese two things after the transfer:

1. If the FTP transfer was in text (ASCII) mode:

$ convert/fdl=streamlf.fdl input-file output-file

where the contents of the file STREAMLF.FDL are

FILEORGANIZATION sequential

RECORDBLOCK_SPAN yesCARRIAGE_CONTROL carriage_return

FORMAT stream_lf

2. If the FTP transfer was in binary mode:

$ set file/attribute=(rfm:stmlf)

Using X Windows on VMS

f you are using on an X Windows display, you can set it up with the node name and network transport, for instanc

$ set display/create/node="doof.city.com"/transport=tcpip

nd then run Ghostscript by typing gs at the command line.

8.3 MS Windows

You must add gs\ bin and gs\ lib to the PATH, where gs is the top-level Ghostscript directory.

8.4 MS-DOS

You must add gs\ bin and gs\ lib to the PATH, where gs is the top-level Ghostscript directory.

Ghostscript supports many SuperVGA displays directly, most of them with more than 16 colors. The complelist is in the file devs.mak, part of Ghostscript's source code.Some applications, such as Microsoft Word, require a prologue in front of the PostScript files they produce. the case of MS Word, this prologue is one of the *.ini files Microsoft includes with Word. Other applicationsmay require other prologues. You may specify a prologue on the Ghostscript command line, for instance

gs386 prologue.ini myfile.ps

If you have a SuperVGA display that supports a 16-color mode with 800x600 pixels and you know the displa



to use Ghostscript


mode number for this mode, you can select it by using the command line switches

-sDEVICE=svga16 -dDisplayMode= NNN

where NNN is the display mode number in decimal. Here are modes for some popular display chipsets; the othat use the default value are marked "*". If your card's chipset doesn't appear on this list, or if you try the vahere and it doesn't work, please send the name of the chipset and its correct display mode to <[email protected]> to include in future releases.

Display modes for PC display chipsets

Chipset Decimal Hex

Acumos AVGA2, AVGA3 88 0x58

Advance Logic AL2101 43 0x2B

Ahead V5000 113 0x71

ATI VGAWONDER, Graphics Ultra etc. 84 0x54

Chips and Technologies 106 0x6A

Cirrus Logic CL-GD 500/600 100 0x64

Cirrus Logic GD 5422 88 0x58Compaq VGA 89 0x59

CTI 106 0x6A

*Genoa 5xxx, Sigma VGA 41 0x29

Genoa 6xxx 106 0x6A

MXIC MX 68010 85 0x55

NCR 77C22 88 0x58

OAK Technologies OTI-067, OTI-077, OTI037C 82 0x52

OAK Technologies OTI037C w/ NEL BIOS 91 0x5B

*Orchid Prodesigner 41 0x29

Paradise 88 0x58

Poach 106 0x6A

Primus 42 0x2A

Realtek RT 3106 31 0x1F

Tecmar 22 0x16

Trident 8900 91 0x5B

*Tseng ET-3000, ET-4000 41 0x29

*VEGA 41 0x29

Video 7 SVGA 98 0x62

WD90C11 92 0x5C

Western Digital 88 0x58

8.5 X Windows

Ghostscript looks for the following resources under the program name ghostscript and class name Ghostscript;nes marked "**" are calculated from display metrics:

X Windows resources

Name Class Default

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background Background whiteforeground Foreground black

borderColor BorderColor black borderWidth BorderWidth 1geometry Geometry NULLxResolution Resolution **yResolution Resolution **useExternalFonts UseExternalFonts trueuseScalableFonts UseScalableFonts true

logExternalFonts LogExternalFonts falseexternalFontTolerance ExternalFontTolerance 10.0

palette Palette Color maxGrayRamp MaxGrayRamp 128 maxRGBRamp MaxRGBRamp 5 maxDynamicColors MaxDynamicColors 256useBackingPixmap UseBackingPixmap trueuseXPutImage UseXPutImage trueuseXSetTile UseXSetTile trueregularFonts RegularFonts See "X fonts"symbolFonts SymbolFonts See "X fonts"

dingbatFonts DingbatFonts See "X fonts"

X resources

To set X resources, put them in a file (such as ~/.Xdefaults on Unix) in a form like this:

Ghostscript*geometry: 595x842-0+0

Ghostscript*xResolution: 72

Ghostscript*yResolution: 72

Then merge these resources into the X server's resource database:

xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults

Ghostscript doesn't look at the default system background and foreground colors; if you want to change thebackground or foreground color, you must set them explicitly for Ghostscript. This is a deliberate choice, so PostScript documents will display correctly by default -- with white as white and black as black -- even if texwindows use other colors.The geometry resource affects only window placement.Resolution is expressed in pixels per inch (1 inch = 2.54cm).The font tolerance gives the largest acceptable difference in height of the screen font, expressed as a percentaof the height of the desired font.The palette resource can be used to restrict Ghostscript to using a grayscale or monochrome palette.

maxRGBRamp and maxGrayRamp control the maximum number of colors that ghostscript allocates ahead of timfor the dither cube (ramp). Ghostscript never preallocates more than half the cells in a colormap.

maxDynamicColors controls the maximum number of colors that Ghostscript will allocate dynamically in thecolormap.

Working around bugs in X servers

he "use..." resources exist primarily to work around bugs in X servers.

Old versions of DEC's X server (DECwindows) have bugs that require setting useXPutImage or useXSetTil



to use Ghostscript


false.Some servers do not implement backing pixmaps properly, or do not have enough memory for them. If you gstrange behavior or "out of memory" messages, try setting useBackingPixmap to false.Some servers do not implement tiling properly. This appears as broad bands of color where dither patternsshould appear. If this happens, try setting useXSetTile to false.Some servers do not implement bitmap or pixmap displaying properly. This may appear as white or black rectangles where characters should appear; or characters may appear in "inverse video" (for instance, white oblack rectangle rather than black on white). If this happens, try setting useXPutImage to false.

X fonts

o use native X11 fonts, Ghostscript must map PostScript font names to the XLFD font names. The resourcesegularFonts (fonts available in standard or ISO-Latin-1 encoding), symbolFonts (using Symbol encoding), andingbatFonts (using Dingbat encoding) give the name mapping for different encodings. The XLFD font name in t

mapping must contain 7 dashes; the X driver adds the additional size and encoding fields to bring the total number ashes in the font name to 14. See the appendix "X default font mappings" for the full list of default mappings.

Users who switch regularly between different X servers may wish to use the "*" wild card in place of the foundryame (itc, monotype, linotype, b&h, or adobe); users who do not switch X servers should leave the explicit foundn the name, since it speeds up access to fonts.

Ghostscript takes advantage of the "HP XLFD Enhancements," if available, to use native X11 fonts for fonts that arnamorphically scaled, rotated, or mirrored. If the changes have been installed to the X or font server, they areutomatically used when appropriate.

Using Ghostscript fonts on X displays

ont files distributed with Ghostscript can be used on X Windows displays. You can find full instructions in theocumentation on fonts.

X device parameters

n addition to the device parameters recognized by all devices, Ghostscript's X driver provides parameters to adjusterformance. Users will rarely need to modify these. Note that these are parameters to be set with the -d switch in ommand line (e.g., -dMaxBitmap=10000000), not resources to be defined in the ~/.Xdefaults file.

lwaysUpdate <boolean>

If true, the driver updates the screen after each primitive drawing operation; if false (the default), the driveuses an intelligent buffered updating algorithm.

axBitmap <integer>

If the amount of memory required to hold the pixmap for the window is no more than the value of MaxBitmap

the driver will draw to a pixmap in Ghostscript's address space (called a "client-side pixmap") and will copy the screen from time to time; if the amount of memory required for the pixmap exceeds the value of MaxBitmthe driver will draw to a server pixmap. Using a client-side pixmap usually provides better performance -- fobitmap images, possibly much better performance -- but since it may require quite a lot of RAM (e.g., about Mb for a 24-bit 1024x768 window), the default value of MaxBitmap is 0.

axTempPixmap, MaxTempImage, MaxBufferedTotal, MaxBufferedArea, MaxBufferedCount <integer>

These control various aspects of the driver's buffering behavior. For details, please consult the source filegdevx.h.

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Fonts.htm#Use_gs_fonts_with_X

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Language.htm#Device_parameters

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Language.htm#Device_parameters

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Fonts.htm#Use_gs_fonts_with_X



to use Ghostscript


8.6 SCO Unix

ecause of bugs in the SCO Unix kernel, Ghostscript will not work if you select direct screen output and also allowo write messages on the console. If you are using direct screen output, redirect Ghostscript's terminal output to a fi

9 Switches

Unless otherwise noted, these switches can be used on all platforms.

9.1 General switches

nput control

filename

Causes Ghostscript to read filename and treat its contents the same as the command line. (This is intendedprimarily for getting around DOS's 128-character limit on the length of a command line.) Switches or file namin the file may be separated by any amount of white space (space, tab, line break); there is no limit on the siz

the file.

- filename arg1 ... + filename arg1 ...

Takes the next argument as a file name as usual, but takes all remaining arguments (even if they have thesyntactic form of switches) and defines the name ARGUMENTS in userdict (not systemdict) as an array of thosestrings, before running the file. When Ghostscript finishes executing the file, it exits back to the shell.

@ filename arg1 ...

Does the same thing as -- and -+, but expands @ filename arguments.

_These are not really switches: they tell Ghostscript to read from standard input, which is coming from a file opipe, with or without buffering. See "Input from a pipe" above.

c tokens ...

Interprets arguments as PostScript code up to the next argument that begins with "-" followed by a non-digitwith "@". For example, if the file quit.ps contains just the word "quit", then -c quit on the command lineequivalent to quit.ps there. Each argument must be exactly one token, as defined by the token operator.

f

Interprets following non-switch arguments as file names to be executed using the normal run command. Sincthis is the default behavior, -f is useful only for terminating the list of tokens for the -c switch.

f filename

Execute the given file, even if its name begins with a "-" or "@".

ile searching

Note that by "library files" here we mean all the files identified using the search rule under "How Ghostscript findsles" above: Ghostscript's own initialization files, fonts, and files named on the command line.

Idirectories



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Adds the designated list of directories at the head of the search path for library files.

P

Makes Ghostscript look first in the current directory for library files. This is currently the default.

P-

Makes Ghostscript not look first in the current directory for library files (unless, of course, the first explicitlysupplied directory is ".").

Setting parameters

Dname dname

Define a name in systemdict with value=true.

Dname=token dname=token

Define a name in systemdict with the given definition. The token must be exactly one token (as defined by thtoken operator) and must not contain any whitespace. If the token is a non-literal name, it must be true, falsenull.

Sname=string sname=string

Define a name in systemdict with a given string as value. This is different from -d. For example, -dXYZ=35 othe command line is equivalent to the program fragment

/XYZ 35 def

whereas -sXYZ=35 is equivalent to

/XYZ (35) def

unameUn-define a name, cancelling -d or -s.

Note that the initialization file gs_init.ps makes systemdict read-only, so the values of names defined with -D, -, and -s cannot be changed -- although, of course, they can be superseded by definitions in userdict or otherictionaries. However, device parameters set this way (PageSize, Margins, etc.) are not read-only, and can behanged by code in PostScript files.

gnumber1xnumber2

Equivalent to -dDEVICEWIDTH=number1 and -dDEVICEHEIGHT=number2, specifying the device width and heiin pixels for the benefit of devices such as X11 windows and VESA displays that require (or allow) you tospecify width and height. Note that this causes documents of other sizes to be clipped, not scaled: see -

dFIXEDMEDIA below.

rnumber (same as -rnumber xnumber )rnumber1xnumber2

Equivalent to -dDEVICEXRESOLUTION=number1 and -dDEVICEYRESOLUTION=number2, specifying the devicehorizontal and vertical resolution in pixels per inch for the benefit of devices such as printers that supportmultiple X and Y resolutions.

Suppress messages



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q

Quiet startup: suppress normal startup messages, and also do the equivalent of -dQUIET.

9.2 Parameter switches (-d and -s )

As noted above, -d and -s define initial values for PostScript names. Some of these names are parameters that conthe interpreter or the graphics engine. You can also use -d or -s to define a value for any device parameter of thenitial device (the one defined with -sDEVICE=, or the default device if this switch is not used). For example, since pmraw device has a numeric GrayValues parameter that controls the number of bits per component, -sDEVICE=ppmdGrayValues=16 will make this the default device and set the number of bits per component to 4 (log2(16)).

Rendering parameters

dCOLORSCREEN

dCOLORSCREEN=0

dCOLORSCREEN=false

On high-resolution devices (at least 150 dpi resolution, or -dDITHERPPI specified), -dCOLORSCREEN forces thuse of separate halftone screens with different angles for CMYK or RGB if halftones are needed (this producthe best-quality output); -dCOLORSCREEN=0 uses separate screens with the same frequency and angle; -dCOLORSCREEN=false forces the use of a single binary screen. The default if COLORSCREEN is not specified is use separate screens with different angles if the device has fewer than 5 bits per color, and a single binary sc(which is never actually used under normal circumstances) on all other devices.

dDITHERPPI=lpi

Forces all devices to be considered high-resolution, and forces use of a halftone screen or screens with lpi linper inch, disregarding the actual device resolution. Reasonable values for lpi are N /5 to N /20, where N is theresolution in dots per inch.

dDOINTERPOLATE

Turns on image interpolation for all images, improving image quality for scaled images at the expense of speNote that -dNOINTERPOLATE overrides -dDOINTERPOLATE if both are specified.

dNOCIE

Substitutes DeviceGray and DeviceRGB for CIEBasedA and CIEBasedABC color spaces respectively. Usefuonly on very slow systems where color accuracy is less important.

dNOINTERPOLATE

Turns off image interpolation, improving performance on interpolated images at the expense of image qualitydNOINTERPOLATE overrides -dDOINTERPOLATE.

Page parameters

dFIXEDMEDIA Causes the media size to be fixed after initialization, forcing pages of other sizes or orientations to be clippedThis may be useful when printing documents on a printer that can handle their requested paper size but whosdefault is some other size. Note that -g automatically sets -dFIXEDMEDIA , but -sPAPERSIZE= does not.

dFIXEDRESOLUTION

Causes the media resolution to be fixed similarly. -r automatically sets -dFIXEDRESOLUTION.

dORIENT1=true

dORIENT1=false

Defines the meaning of the 0 and 1 orientation values for the setpage[params] compatibility operators. The



to use Ghostscript


default value of ORIENT1 is true (set in gs_init.ps), which is the correct value for most files that usesetpage[params] at all, namely, files produced by badly designed applications that "know" that the output wilprinted on certain roll-media printers: these applications use 0 to mean landscape and 1 to mean portrait. -dORIENT1=false declares that 0 means portrait and 1 means landscape, which is the convention used by asmaller number of files produced by properly written applications.

dDEVICEWIDTHPOINTS=w dDEVICEHEIGHTPOINTS=h

Sets the initial page width to w or initial page height to h respectively, specified in 1/72" units.

ont-related parameters

dDISKFONTS

Causes individual character outlines to be loaded from the disk the first time they are encountered. (NormallyGhostscript loads all the character outlines when it loads a font.) This may allow loading more fonts into memat the expense of slower rendering. DISKFONTS is effective only if the diskfont feature was built into theexecutable; otherwise it is ignored.

dLOCALFONTS

Causes Type 1 fonts to be loaded into the current VM -- normally local VM -- instead of always being loade

into global VM. Useful only for compatibility with Adobe printers for loading some obsolete fonts.

dNOCCFONTS

Suppresses the use of fonts precompiled into the Ghostscript executable. See "Precompiling fonts" in thedocumentation on fonts for details. This is probably useful only for debugging.

dNOFONTMAP

Suppresses the normal loading of the Fontmap file. This may be useful in environments without a file system

dNOFONTPATH

Suppresses consultation of GS_FONTPATH. This may be useful for debugging.

dNOPLATFONTS

Disables the use of fonts supplied by the underlying platform (X Windows or Microsoft Windows). This mayneeded if the platform fonts look undesirably different from the scalable fonts.

sFONTMAP= filename1; filename2;...

Specifies alternate name or names for the Fontmap file. Note that the names are separated by ":" on Unixsystems, by ";" on DOS or MS Windows systems, and by "," on VMS systems, just as for search paths.

sFONTPATH=dir1;dir2;...

Specifies a list of directories that will be scanned when looking for fonts not found on the search path, overrithe environment variable GS_FONTPATH.

sSUBSTFONT= fontname

Causes the given font to be substituted for all unknown fonts, instead of using the normal intelligent substitualgorithm. Also, in this case, the font returned by findfont is the actual font named " fontname", not a copy the font with the FontName changed to the requested one.

nteraction-related parameters

dBATCH

Causes Ghostscript to exit after processing all files named on the command line, rather than going into aninteractive loop reading PostScript commands. Equivalent to putting -c quit at the end of the command line.

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Fonts.htm#Precompiling

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Fonts.htm#Precompiling



to use Ghostscript


dNOPAGEPROMPT

Disables only the prompt, but not the pause, at the end of each page. This may be useful on PC displays that confused if a program attempts to write text to the console while the display is in a graphics mode.

dNOPAUSE

Disables the prompt and pause at the end of each page. Normally one should use this (along with -dBATCH)when producing output on a printer or to a file; it also may be desirable for applications where another progris "driving" Ghostscript.

dNOPROMPT

Disables the prompt printed by Ghostscript when it expects interactive input, as well as the end-of-page prom(-dNOPAGEPROMPT); also disables the implicit flushpage that normally occurs each time Ghostscript asks formore input. This allows piping input directly into Ghostscript, as long as the data doesn't refer to currentfil

dQUIET

Suppresses routine information comments on standard output. This is currently necessary when redirectingdevice output to standard output.

dSHORTERRORS

Makes certain error and information messages more Adobe-compatible.

sstdout= filename

Redirect PostScript %stdout to a file or stderr, to avoid it being mixed with device stdout. To redirect stdoustderr use -sstdout=%stderr . To cancel redirection of stdout use -sstdout=%stdout or -sstdout=-.

dTTYPAUSE

Causes Ghostscript to read a character from /dev/tty, rather than standard input, at the end of each page. Thmay be useful if input is coming from a pipe. Note that -dTTYPAUSE overrides -dNOPAUSE.

Device and output selection parameters

dNODISPLAYInitializes Ghostscript with a null device (a device that discards the output image) rather than the default devior the device selected with -sDEVICE=. This is usually useful only when running PostScript code whose purpis to compute something rather than to produce an output image; for instance, when converting PostScript toPDF.

sDEVICE=device

Selects an alternate initial output device.

sOutputFile= filename

Selects an alternate output file (or pipe) for the initial output device, as described above.

Other parameters

dDELAYBIND

Causes bind to remember all its invocations, but not actually execute them until the .bindnow procedure iscalled. Useful only for certain specialized packages like pstotext that redefine operators.

dDOPDFMARKS

Causes pdfmark to be called for bookmarks, annotations, links and cropbox when processing PDF files.Normally, pdfmark is only called for these types for PostScript files or when the output device requests it (e.gpdfwrite device).



to use Ghostscript


dNOBIND

Disables the bind operator. Useful only for debugging.

dNOCACHE

Disables character caching. Useful only for debugging.

dNOGC

Suppresses the initial automatic enabling of the garbage collector in Level 2 systems. (The vmreclaim operatis not disabled.) Useful only for debugging.

dSAFER

Disables the deletefile and renamefile operators, the ability to open files other than %stdout and %stder

any mode other than read-only, and the ability to open piped commands (%pipe%cmd ) at all. This may bedesirable for spoolers or other sensitive environments.

dSTRICT

Disables as many Ghostscript extensions as feasible, to be more helpful in debugging applications that produoutput for Adobe and other RIPs.

dWRITESYSTEMDICT

Leaves systemdict writable. This is necessary when running special utility programs such as font2c and pcharstr, which must bypass normal PostScript access protection.

0 Improving performance

Ghostscript attempts to find an optimum balance between speed and memory consumption, but there are some casewhich you may get a very large speedup by telling Ghostscript to use more memory.

If you are using X Windows, setting the -dMaxBitmap= parameter described above may dramatically improveperformance on files that have a lot of bitmap images.

If you are using Chinese, Japanese, or other fonts with very large character sets, adding the following sequenof switches before the first file name may dramatically improve performance at the cost of an additional 2-3 of memory: -c 3000000 setvmthreshold -f.

1 Debugging

he information here describing the debugging switches is probably interesting only to developers. The -Z switchpplies only if the interpreter was built for a debugging configuration. In the table below, the first column is aebugging switch, the second is an equivalent switch (if any) and the third is its usage.

Switches used in debugging

witch Equivalent

A -Z@ Fill empty storage with a distinctive bit pattern for debuggingA- -Z-@ Turn off -A Bsize

Run all subsequent files named on the command line (except for -F) through the run_stringinterface, using a buffer of size bytes

B- Turn off -B: run subsequent files (except for -F) directly in the normal wayE -Z# Turn on tracing of error returns from operators

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Make.htm#Debugging

http://vis.lbl.gov/NERSC/Software/ghostview/docs/Make.htm#Debugging



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E- -Z-# Turn off -EF file Execute the file with -B1 temporarily in effectKn

Limit the total amount of memory that the interpreter can have allocated at any one time to nKbytes. n is a positive decimal integer.

M n

Force the interpreter's allocator to acquire additional memory in units of nK bytes, rather thandefault (currently 20K on DOS systems, 50K on Unix). n is a positive decimal integer, on DOsystems no greater than 63.

Nn

Allocate space for nK names, rather than the default (normally 64K). n may be greater than 6only if EXTEND_NAMES was defined when the interpreter was compiled .

Z xxxZ- xxx

Turn debugging printout on (off). Each of the xxx characters selects an option. Case is signific"a" and "A" have different meanings.

0

garbage collector, minimal detail1

type 1 and type 42 font interpreter2

curve subdivider/rasterizer 3

curve subdivider/rasterizer, detail

4garbage collector (strings)

5

garbage collector (strings, detail)6

garbage collector (chunks, roots) 7

garbage collector (objects) 8

garbage collector (refs) 9

garbage collector (pointers)a

allocator (large blocks only) A

allocator (all calls) b

bitmap image processor B

bitmap images, detailc

color/halftone mapperd

dictionary put/undef D

dictionary lookupse

external (OS-related) callsf

fill algorithm (summary) F

fill algorithm (detail)g

gsave/grestore[all]



to use Ghostscript


h

halftone renderer H

halftones, every pixeli

interpreter, just names I

interpreter, everythingj

(Japanese) composite fontsk

character cache and xfonts K

character cache, every accessl

command lists, bands L

command lists, everything m

makefont and font cache

n name lookup (new names only)o

outliner (stroke) O

stroke detail p

band list paths P

all pathsq

clippingr

arc renderers

streams S

scannert

tiling algorithmu

undo saver (for save/restore), finalization U

undo saver, more detailv

alpha/transparency V

alpha/transparency, more detailw

compression encoder/decoderx

transformationsy

Type 1 hints



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Y

Type 1 hints, every accessz

trapezoid fill#

operator error returns%

externally processed comments*

image and RasterOp parameters:

command list and allocator/time summary~

math functions and Functions'

contexts, create/destroy "

contexts, every operation^

reference counting

_high-level output

|

(reserved for experimental code)

The following switch affects what is printed, but does not select specific items for printing:

/

include file name and line number on all trace output

These switches select debugging options other than what should be printed:

$set unused parts of object references to identifiable garbage values

+

use minimum-size stack blocks,

don't use path-based banding`

don't use high-level banded images.

use small-memory table sizes even on large-memory machines?

validate pointers before, during and after garbage collection, also before and after save restore; also make other allocator validity checks@

fill newly allocated, garbage-collected, and freed storage with a marker (a1, c1, and f1respectively)

2 Appendix: Paper sizes known to Ghostscript

he paper sizes known to Ghostscript are defined at the beginning of the initialization file gs_statd.ps; see the



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omments there for more details about the definitions. The table here lists them by name and size. gs_statd.ps defheir sizes exactly in points, and the dimensions in inches (at 72 points per inch) and centimeters shown in the tableerived from those, rounded to the nearest 0.1 unit. A guide to international paper sizes can be found at

http://www.twics.com/~eds/papersize.html

Paper sizes known to Ghostscript

U.S. standardInches cm Points

Name W × H W × H W × H

1x17 11.0 17.0 27.9 43.2 792 1224 11×17in portraitedger 17.0 11.0 43.2 27.9 1224 792 11×17in landscapeegal 8.5 14.0 21.6 35.6 612 1008etter 8.5 11.0 21.6 27.9 612 792ettersmall 8.5 11.0 21.6 27.9 612 792rchE 36.0 48.0 91.4 121.9 2592 3456rchD 24.0 36.0 61.0 91.4 1728 2592

rchC 18.0 24.0 45.7 61.0 1296 1728rchB 12.0 18.0 30.5 45.7 864 1296rchA 9.0 12.0 22.9 30.5 648 864

ISO standard

0 33.1 46.8 84.0 118.8 2380 33681 23.4 33.1 59.4 84.0 1684 23802 16.5 23.4 42.0 59.4 1190 16843 11.7 16.5 29.7 42.0 842 11904 8.3 11.7 21.0 29.7 595 8424small 8.3 11.7 21.0 29.7 595 8425 5.8 8.3 14.9 21.0 421 5956 4.1 5.8 10.5 14.9 297 4217 2.9 4.1 7.4 10.5 210 2978 2.1 2.9 5.2 7.4 148 2109 1.5 2.1 3.7 5.2 105 14810 1.0 1.5 2.6 3.7 74 105sob0 39.4 55.7 100.0 141.4 2836 4008sob1 27.8 39.4 70.7 100.0 2004 2836sob2 19.7 27.8 50.0 70.7 1418 2004sob3 13.9 19.7 35.3 50.0 1002 1418sob4 9.8 13.9 25.0 35.3 709 1002

sob5 7.0 9.8 17.7 25.0 501 7090 36.1 51.1 91.7 129.7 2600 36771 25.5 36.1 64.8 91.7 1837 26002 18.0 25.5 45.8 64.8 1298 18373 12.8 18.0 32.4 45.8 918 12984 9.0 12.8 22.9 32.4 649 9185 6.4 9.0 16.2 22.9 459 6496 4.5 6.4 11.4 16.2 323 459

JIS standard





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jisb0 103.0 145.6jisb1 72.8 103.0jisb2 51.5 72.8jisb3 36.4 51.5jisb4 25.7 36.4jisb5 18.2 25.7jisb6 12.8 18.2

ISO/JIS switchable

0 (see * below)1 (see * below)2 (see * below)3 (see * below)4 (see * below)5 (see * below)

Other

sa 8.5 13.0 21.6 33.0 612 936 U.S. foolscap

se 8.5 13.0 21.6 33.0 612 936 European foolscapalfletter 5.5 8.5 14.0 21.6 396 612

Note: Initially the B paper sizes are the ISO sizes, e.g., b0 is the same as isob0. Running the file lib/jispaper.p

makes the B paper sizes be the JIS sizes, e.g., b0 becomes the same as jisb0.

3 Appendix: X default font mappings

3.1 Standard X servers

Regular fonts

AvantGarde-Book: -Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Book-R-Normal--\n\AvantGarde-BookOblique: -Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Book-O-Normal--\n\AvantGarde-Demi: -Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Demi-R-Normal--\n\AvantGarde-DemiOblique: -Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Demi-O-Normal--\n\Bookman-Demi: -Adobe-ITC Bookman-Demi-R-Normal--\n\Bookman-DemiItalic: -Adobe-ITC Bookman-Demi-I-Normal--\n\Bookman-Light: -Adobe-ITC Bookman-Light-R-Normal--\n\Bookman-LightItalic: -Adobe-ITC Bookman-Light-I-Normal--\n\Courier: -Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--\n\Courier-Bold: -Adobe-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--\n\Courier-BoldOblique: -Adobe-Courier-Bold-O-Normal--\n\Courier-Oblique: -Adobe-Courier-Medium-O-Normal--\n\Helvetica: -Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--\n\

Helvetica-Bold: -Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--\n\Helvetica-BoldOblique: -Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-O-Normal--\n\Helvetica-Narrow: -Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Narrow--\n\Helvetica-Narrow-Bold: -Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Narrow--\n\Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique: -Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-O-Narrow--\n\Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique: -Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-O-Narrow--\n\Helvetica-Oblique: -Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-O-Normal--\n\NewCenturySchlbk-Bold: -Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Bold-R-Normal--\n\NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic: -Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Bold-I-Normal--\n\NewCenturySchlbk-Italic: -Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Medium-I-Normal--\n\NewCenturySchlbk-Roman: -Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Medium-R-Normal--\n\Palatino-Bold: -Adobe-Palatino-Bold-R-Normal--\n\Palatino-BoldItalic: -Adobe-Palatino-Bold-I-Normal--\n\Palatino-Italic: -Adobe-Palatino-Medium-I-Normal--\n\Palatino-Roman: -Adobe-Palatino-Medium-R-Normal--\n\Times-Bold: -Adobe-Times-Bold-R-Normal--\n\



to use Ghostscript


Times-BoldItalic: -Adobe-Times-Bold-I-Normal--\n\Times-Italic: -Adobe-Times-Medium-I-Normal--\n\Times-Roman: -Adobe-Times-Medium-R-Normal--\n\ZapfChancery-MediumItalic: -Adobe-ITC Zapf Chancery-Medium-I-Normal--

Symbol fonts

Symbol: -Adobe-Symbol-Medium-R-Normal--

Dingbat fonts

ZapfDingbats: -Adobe-ITC Zapf Dingbats-Medium-R-Normal--

3.2 Sun OpenWindows

or Sun's X11/NeWS one can use the OpenWindows scalable fonts instead, which gives good output for any pointize. In this environment, the relevant section of the resource file should look like this:

hostscript.regularFonts: \AvantGarde-Book: -itc-avantgarde-book-r-normal-- \n\AvantGarde-BookOblique: -itc-avantgarde-book-o-normal-- \n\AvantGarde-Demi: -itc-avantgarde-demi-r-normal-- \n\AvantGarde-DemiOblique: -itc-avantgarde-demi-o-normal-- \n\

Bembo: -monotype-bembo-medium-r-normal-- \n\Bembo-Bold: -monotype-bembo-bold-r-normal-- \n\Bembo-BoldItalic: -monotype-bembo-bold-i-normal-- \n\Bembo-Italic: -monotype-bembo-medium-i-normal-- \n\Bookman-Demi: -itc-bookman-demi-r-normal-- \n\Bookman-DemiItalic: -itc-bookman-demi-i-normal-- \n\Bookman-Light: -itc-bookman-light-r-normal-- \n\Bookman-LightItalic: -itc-bookman-light-i-normal-- \n\Courier: -itc-courier-medium-r-normal-- \n\Courier-Bold: -itc-courier-bold-r-normal-- \n\Courier-BoldOblique: -itc-courier-bold-o-normal-- \n\Courier-Oblique: -itc-courier-medium-o-normal-- \n\GillSans: -monotype-gill-medium-r-normal-sans- \n\GillSans-Bold: -monotype-gill-bold-r-normal-sans- \n\GillSans-BoldItalic: -monotype-gill-bold-i-normal-sans- \n\GillSans-Italic: -monotype-gill-normal-i-normal-sans- \n\Helvetica: -linotype-helvetica-medium-r-normal-- \n\

Helvetica-Bold: -linotype-helvetica-bold-r-normal-- \n\Helvetica-BoldOblique: -linotype-helvetica-bold-o-normal-- \n\Helvetica-Narrow: -linotype-helvetica-medium-r-narrow-- \n\Helvetica-Narrow-Bold: -linotype-helvetica-bold-r-narrow-- \n\Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique: -linotype-helvetica-bold-o-narrow-- \n\Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique: -linotype-helvetica-medium-o-narrow-- \n\Helvetica-Oblique: -linotype-helvetica-medium-o-normal-- \n\LucidaBright: -b&h-lucidabright-medium-r-normal-- \n\LucidaBright-Demi: -b&h-lucidabright-demibold-r-normal-- \n\LucidaBright-DemiItalic: -b&h-lucidabright-demibold-i-normal-- \n\LucidaBright-Italic: -b&h-lucidabright-medium-i-normal-- \n\LucidaSans: -b&h-lucida-medium-r-normal-sans- \n\LucidaSans-Bold: -b&h-lucida-bold-r-normal-sans- \n\LucidaSans-BoldItalic: -b&h-lucida-bold-i-normal-sans- \n\LucidaSans-Italic: -b&h-lucida-medium-i-normal-sans- \n\LucidaSans-Typewriter: -b&h-lucidatypewriter-medium-r-normal-sans- \n\LucidaSans-TypewriterBold: -b&h-lucidatypewriter-bold-r-normal-sans- \n\

NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic: -linotype-new century schoolbook-bold-i-normal-- \n\NewCenturySchlbk-Bold: -linotype-new century schoolbook-bold-r-normal-- \n\NewCenturySchlbk-Italic: -linotype-new century schoolbook-medium-i-normal-- \n\NewCenturySchlbk-Roman: -linotype-new century schoolbook-medium-r-normal-- \n\Palatino-Bold: -linotype-palatino-bold-r-normal-- \n\Palatino-BoldItalic: -linotype-palatino-bold-i-normal-- \n\Palatino-Italic: -linotype-palatino-medium-i-normal-- \n\Palatino-Roman: -linotype-palatino-medium-r-normal-- \n\Rockwell: -monotype-rockwell-medium-r-normal-- \n\Rockwell-Bold: -monotype-rockwell-bold-r-normal-- \n\Rockwell-BoldItalic: -monotype-rockwell-bold-i-normal-- \n\Rockwell-Italic: -monotype-rockwell-medium-i-normal-- \n\Times-Bold: -linotype-times-bold-r-normal-- \n\Times-BoldItalic: -linotype-times-bold-i-normal-- \n\Times-Italic: -linotype-times-medium-i-normal-- \n\Times-Roman: -linotype-times-medium-r-normal-- \n\



to use Ghostscript

Utopia-Bold: -adobe-utopia-bold-r-normal-- \n\Utopia-BoldItalic: -adobe-utopia-bold-i-normal-- \n\Utopia-Italic: -adobe-utopia-regular-i-normal-- \n\Utopia-Regular: -adobe-utopia-regular-r-normal-- \n\ZapfChancery-MediumItalic: -itc-zapfchancery-medium-i-normal-- \n

hostscript.dingbatFonts: \ZapfDingbats: -itc-zapfdingbats-medium-r-normal--

hostscript.symbolFonts: \Symbol: --symbol-medium-r-normal--

opyright © 1996, 2000 Aladdin Enterprises. All rights reserved.

his file is part of AFPL Ghostscript. See the Aladdin Free Public License (the "License") for full details of the terms of using, copying,

modifying, and redistributing AFPL Ghostscript.

hostscript version 7.03, 20 October 2001




How to Use Ghost Script

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