How To Study Organic Chem
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Transcript of How To Study Organic Chem
Nordin Bin Mohamed
School of Chemical Sciences
U.S.M., Penang
Examination FormatExamination FormatPaper 1 (MCQ) 1 hour
(30%)30 questions (5 easy + 20 std. + 5
difficult)Paper 2 (Structured & Essay) 2½
hrs (70%)Part A : 4 structured (@10 marks)Part B : 6 essays (@ 15 markah)Answer 4 + 4 questions only
Syllabus for SK027Syllabus for SK027
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (10 + 30 M)
Thermochemistry (5 hrs)Electro chemistry (8 hrs)Reaction Kinetics (8 hrs)
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (30 + 60 M) Introduction To Organic Chemistry (9
hrs) Hydrocarbons (11 hrs) Aromatic compounds (6 hrs) Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) (5 hrs) Hydroxy compounds (5 hrs) Carbonyl Compounds (6 hrs) Carboxylic Acids & Its Derivatives (7
hrs) Amines (6 hrs) Amino Acids and Proteins (2 hrs) Polymers (2 hrs)
Why is Organic Chemistry Important?
DNA Enzymes Proteins Carbohy-drates
Petrol Plastics Rubber Medicine
Pesticides Pollutants Chemical Warfare
Dyes
C compounds are the main components in all living things
Medicine Pharmacy Biology Food Sciences Environmental
Sciences Military Polymer Industries Chemical
Engineering Cosmetology & many other
fields
Where is Organic Chemistry needed?
Types of Examination QuestionsTypes of Examination Questions
1. Naming of cpds (IUPAC and Common name)2. Definations3. Explanations4. Order Arrangements5. Completion of Rxns (1- 2 steps)6. Serial Rxns (given molecular formula or
structural formula)7. Mechanisms8. Synthesis9. Change from one structural formation to a
different one.10. Chemical tests
Types of questions for Physical Types of questions for Physical Chemistry Chemistry 1. Definations2. Calculations, using standard equations;
application type problems.3. Explains, drawing of E diagrams, &
Born Haber cycles.4. Writing of redox equations. for
electrochemical cells & determination of electrode potentials.
5. Drawing of graphs & application.
What you need to learn from this Organic Chemistry course.
Draw Molecular Structures Naming Cpds (IUPAC &
Trivial) Physical characteristic
trends Preparation of Cpds Reactions Reaction Mechanisms Chemical tests Basic concepts
Why you feel Organic Chemistry is a difficult subject to master? Weak basics
Too much to memorise Module difficult to understand Don’t understand what had been taught Insufficient reference Initial negative perception Too many difficult concepts Contents too packed No interest in Chemistry
Tips for answering questionsTips for answering questions
• Right mind setting – organic chemistry is easy because
You need to know only a few alphabets, i.e. C, H, N, O……
Need to count only from 1-10 Able to read & write Answers already in the
questions
Tips for answering questionsTips for answering questions
All topics have same sub-titles:
1. Systematic Naming 2. Physical properties 3. Chemical properties/
chemical rxns. 4. Chemical tests
4 main types of rxns in Organic 4 main types of rxns in Organic
ChemistryChemistry
Addition Elimination Substitution Rearrangement others: Oxidation & reduction
Is it true that Organic Chemistry is very difficult?
Organic Chemistry can be understood easily & successfully without a photographic memory
But…..
You may not be successful if You may not be successful if you you
do not have good study habitsdo not have good study habits..
5 secrets to be successful in Organic
Chemistry1. Don’t lag behind in your class
3. Do lots of exercise
4. Always ask why & how when rxns occur.
5. Use all available sources
2. Study proactively
What you need to do What you need to do to prepare yourself for to prepare yourself for an examination.an examination.
Obtain a suitable text book Prepare short simplified notes Have pencils & paper readily
available during every revision Study in a calm atmosphere with a
healthy body
Good study skillsGood study skills
ReadRead UnderUnderstandstand
MemoriseMemorise
ApplyApply
AnalyseAnalyse SynthesizeSynthesize
Basic knowledge that you have to know
Molecular Structure
Systematic names
&
“If you don’t know how to name a simple compound, you will fail
every test. Guaranteed.”
How to make summarized notes
1. Read text books /notes 2. Close books3. Make summary from
memory4. Double check5. Try out questions
DO NOT borrow or copy from anyone.
Effective Summarized Notes
ALCOHOL SYNTHESIS 1. From Alkenes Gen. Formula: ……… Example: …………. Footnotes: …………… 2. From Aldehydes Gen. Formula: ………… Example: ……………. Footnotes: …………..
3 Forms of summarized notes
A. Short list
-C=C- -C--C- -C--C- -C--C-
H X H OH X X
-C--C- -C--C- -C--C- H H X X H X
-C--C- >C=O +
O=C< H OH
B. Draw a mind map
>C=C<
(Behind)
1. -CH-CH-
2. -CX-CX-
3. -CH-CX-
4. -CH-C(OH)-
5. >C=O + O=C<
C. Flash cards
RXNS. >C==C<
1.+ H2
2. + X2
3. + HX
4. + H2O/H+
5. + O3 + Zn,H2O
1. Understand rxn mechanisms.
How to minimize memory work?
2. Familiarise yourself with all the diff. types of functional gps. & the diff. types of rxns.
•Reactivity of functional gps depend on their polarity.3. Get familiar with the functions all types of reagents
4. DO LOTS OF EXERCISE
+ -
C = O
Reacts with base,Reducing agents ornucleophiles
Reacts with acids, oxidising agents or electrophiles
Example
Types & functions of reagentsTypes & functions of reagents
- +Example: RMgX = R - Mg X
R:MgX + H:OH R:H + OH- + Mg2+ + X-
Others
KOH/alcohol K2Cr2O7/H+
LiAlH4
HBr/H2O2
Look at the characteristics of starting materials. (saturated/unsaturated/ electrophilic, nucleophilic, functional groups)
•Look at the structure of the product (saturated/unsaturated/oxidised
/reduced..?)
•Look at type of reagent (acid/ base /oxidising or reducing agents /electrophiles /nucleophiles)
Predicting Rxns
All Chemical Rxns are due to
ELECTROSTATIC FORCES
+ -
+ -
TIPSTIPS
Help sourcesHelp sources
Text books/modules & study guide
Your lecturer
Internet
Fellow students
Past year exam. Questions.
DO NOT study ‘last minute’Study proactively – draw
structures, write eqns. Do NOT just ‘highlight’)
Do exercises intensivelyArrange / summarise all
facts Have good rapport with all
your lecturersStrengthen your mental
healthAlways hold discussionsGive your full attention
during lecturesStress on details
UNTUK DI FIKIRKANUNTUK DI FIKIRKAN
UNTUK DIFIKIRKANUNTUK DIFIKIRKAN
UNTUK DIFIKIRKANUNTUK DIFIKIRKAN
Thank you….
May you have success in
everything you do.