8/4/2019 How to Shape Behaviour of Manager

1/3

Q.How to shape behavior of manager in an organization.

Attempt to mold individuals by guiding their learning in graduated steps.

Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual

closer to the desired response.

There are four ways to shape behavior such as:

(1) Positive Reinforcement

(2) Negative Reinforcement

(3) Punishment

(4) Extinction

(1) Positive Reinforcement

Praising an employee for the job well done. According to Skinners

terminology, any form of incentives such as goals and rewards may be referred

to as positive reinforcers and the receiving of the reward or achieving the goal is

termed as positive reinforcement. In positive reinforcement, a particular

behaviour is strengthened by the consequence of experiencing a positive

condition.

(Positive reinforcers stimulus to one to achieve certain goal or behaviour)

8/4/2019 How to Shape Behaviour of Manager

2/3

(2) Negative Reinforcement

Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something

unpleasant.

In a similar fashion, a negative reinforcer is a stimulus one would desire to

avoid. The act of escaping or avoiding a negative reinforcer is termed as

negative reinforcement. Negative Reinforcement provides an unfavourable

consequence that does not encourage repetition of undesirable behaviour.

For example, a strong disapproval can be shown towards tardy employees to

make them aware if the fact that coming late to work is not allowed and not

accepted.

Negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a particular behaviour by the

consequence of experiencing a negative condition

Negative reinforcement is used commonly for education or reform. The use of

fines, imprisonment is one such example of the use of negative

reinforcement to warn of the negative consequences of associating with

social ills.

Advantages of the use of negative reinforcement would be of course ideally

the cultivation or strengthening of a desired behaviour after receiving the

negative reinforcer.

(2) Punishment

It is causing an unpleasant condition in an attempt to eliminate an

undesirable behavior.

Action taken to repeal a person from undesirable action is punishment.

Punishment when administered, it causes pain to the employee. He may or may

not repeate the mistakes. Reaction may be mild or wild. If administerd properly

punishment may force the trainee to modify the undesired or incorrect

behaviours.

In contrast with negative reinforcement Punishment weakens the undesirable

behavior.

8/4/2019 How to Shape Behaviour of Manager

3/3

(3)Extinction

Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining a behavior.

A purposeful negligence towards the incorrect behavior may appeal the

employee correct his/her undesirable behavior.

Like mistake it is used to weaken undesirable behavior.