“How to search”

Material 3English III

How to search

Finding the relevant materials, and especially the most important for your purpose, is not easy

It required patience, detective skills, and continued hard work.

Fortunately, in the digital age it is possible to make much more rapid progress than previously. But, you should have a sound research strategy

Starting point of research

• Keyword search in electronic resources (e.g. GSW)• Reference list in the lecture note• Reference list in earlier thesis/papers• Reference list in textbooks• Review papers

each reference is placed in context, within indication of importance

• Reference list in research papers in recent issues of relevant journal

Search Strategy

• Build concept groups from your research topic• Develop a set of terms for each concept group• Find synonyms • Decide which Boolean logic is needed, place a brackets

and combine concepts• Decide whether to use truncation or not• Choose the databases and use proper research

commands for each

Boolean (logical) operators• And operator

Retrieves records that include both term Narrow your search Used for terms or concepts that are not related

• Or operator Retrieves records that include either of the terms Widens your search Used for related terms or concept

• Not operator Retrieves records thet include one term but not another term Eliminates all the records containing the second term Narrows your search May eliminate relevant records

Truncation Replace part of the word with a symbol, the search engine will match anything for the missing part.Truncation symbol can be used wither inside the word or at the end of it.Each database uses it own truncation symbols; the asterisk* is the most common.‘wom*n’, finds woman and women‘diet*’ –finds ‘diets’, ‘dietician’, dietary, but also diethylstilbestrol’ ‘plan*’-finds ‘plan, plans , planning, but also planet, planetary‘system*’-finds ‘system’, systems’‘science’-finds science, sciences

Search example

The “spider” approach

Journal/sourceJournal/source

reference

reference

reference

reference

reference

reference

reference

reference

reference

reference

reference

ETC

The “spider” approach Once you have found some relevant literature, look for:•Works that are cited in the papers you have found (“backward

spider”); note these has been put into context for you by the paper’s authors•Works that cite the papers you have found (‘forwards spider”)• Use the forwards search of an electronic resource such as

GSW, Web of Science•Works by the same author (s)• Related articles links in the search results (“sideways spider”)• Papers in the same journals