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How to Present a Scientific Article
Topics we’ll discuss Getting started
Displaying text
Displaying graphics
Animating
Presenting
Critiquing sample slides
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Getting Started
• Create a slide show that is an outline, not a script
• Use the slide show... to select important information and visuals
to organize content
to create a hierarchy
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Getting Started
• Set up Slide Master Allows you to design the “look” of your
slide show
• Browse design templates or create your own
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Getting Started
To select a design, ask yourself:
In what type of room will I give my talk?
• Well-lit room: use light background / dark text and visuals
• Dimly-lit room: use dark background / light text and visuals
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Selecting Content
• Consider your audience!
• State problem/question clearly & early (title, abstract, intro)
• Include significance
• Include background: organism/system
• Concisely state the “point of departure” for work
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Selecting Content, Part 2
• Results: include the how & the why!
Hypothesis
Method (remember audience)
Show figures and guide audience through them
State authors’ conclusions; your agreement or disagreement
• Summarize paper’s overall conclusions
• Suggest areas for improvement; future investigations
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Displaying Text
• Remember that your audience... skims each slide
looks for critical points, not details
needs help reading/ seeing text
• Help your audience by… Projecting a clear font
Using bullets
Using content-specific headings
Using short phrases
Using grammatical parallelism
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Project a Clear Font
• Serif: easy to read in printed documents Times New Roman, Palatino, Garamond
• Sans serif: easy to see projected across the room Arial, Helvetica, Geneva
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Use Bullets
• Bullets help your audience to skim the slide
to see relationships between information
organize information in a logical way
• For example, this is Main Point 1, which leads to... Sub-point 1
• Further subordinated point 1
• Further subordinated point 2
Sub-point 2
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Use Content-Specific Headings
• “Results” suggests the content area for a slide
• “Substance X upregulates gene Y” (with data shown below) shows the audience what is observed
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Use Short Phrases
• Be clear, concise, accurate
• Write complete sentences only in certain cases:
Hypothesis / problem statement
Quote
???
Difficult to read
DNA polymerase catalyzes elongation of DNA chains in
the 5’ to 3’ direction
Better
DNA polymerase extends 5’ to 3’
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Use Grammatical Parallelism• Use same grammatical form in lists
• Not Parallel: Cells were lysed in buffer
5 minute centrifuging of lysate
Removed supernatant
• Parallel: Lysed cells in buffer
Centrifuged lysate for 5 minutes
Removed supernatant
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Use Grammatical ParallelismHow would you revise this list?
Telomeres
• Contain non-coding DNA
• Telomerases can extended telomeres
• Cells enter senescence/apoptosis when telomeres are too short
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Displaying Visuals
• Select visuals that enhance understanding Figures from paper: evidence for argument
Figures from other sources (web; review articles):
• Model a process or concept
• Help explain background, context
• Design easy-to-read visuals Are the visuals easy to read by all members of
your audience?
• Draw attention to aspects of visuals
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Simplify and Draw Attention
http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/tca-cycle.html
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Displaying Visuals
Harvey et al. (2005) Cell 122:407-20
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Choose Color Carefully
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Cite Others’ Visuals
http://www.bioc.rice.edu/~shamoo/shamoolab.html
Harvey et al. (2005) Cell 122:407-20
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Animating
• Allows you to add text, visuals, or line work sequentially to the slide
• Should be used purposefully (and sparingly!) To aid in the audience’s ability to
comprehend your message
Not solely for aesthetic purposes
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Animating
Use professional animation methods for text (avoid fly in, typewriter, etc.)
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Presenting
• Delivery
• Handling questions
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Delivery
• Physical Environment
• Stance
Body language
Handling notes
• Gestures
• Eye contact
• Voice quality
Volume
Inflection
Pace
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Handling Questions
• LISTEN
• Repeat or rephrase
• Watch body language
• Don’t pretend to know
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Samples
Features to consider:
• Text Fonts, use of phrases, parallelism
• Visuals Readability, drawing attention
• Slide design
• Organization/ hierarchy Titles, bullets, arrangement of information, font
size
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The Calcium IonThe Calcium Ion
Calcium is a crucial cell-signaling moleculeCalcium is a crucial cell-signaling molecule
–Calcium is toxic at high intracellular concentrations because of the phosphate-based system energy system
–Intracellular concentrations of calcium are kept very low, which allows an influx of calcium to be a signal to alter transcription
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MicroarraysMicroarrays
Phillips G. (2004) Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
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Use Grammatical ParallelismOne possible revision…
Telomeres
• Contain non-coding DNA
• Are extended by telomerase
• Cause senescence/apoptosis when shortened too much