How to make a complicated problem out of a simple … · to make a complicated problem out of a...
Transcript of How to make a complicated problem out of a simple … · to make a complicated problem out of a...
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Howtomakeacomplicatedproblemoutofasimplesolution
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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Sustainability:
Asimplesolutionforcomplicatedproblems!
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
„Idon‘tlikethewordsustainable.Itsoundssoretro.“
Unknown2009
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tosustain
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Latinsustinere(tenere,tohold;sus,up)tomaintain,tosupport,toendure
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sustainablethinking
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
HannsCarlvonCarlowitz1713
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Sustainabilityis
•anemptywordbubblewithnoorlittlemeaningorsubstance•animportantconceptbutasabstractaslibertyorjustice•anotherwordforenvironmentalorecologic
WRONG
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Itisaseriousbutsimpleproblem
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Weknowfairlypreciselyhowtheworldpopulationwillgrow.Weknowverypreciselyhowmuchfood,water,energy,housingetc.wewillneedforourfuturechildren.
Weknowexactlythatwearenotabletofeedthemunlesswegetsomesmartideashowtosolvethisproblem.
Wealsoknowthatthishugenumberofhumanbeingswillincreasinglystrainthisplanet.
Butwestillbehavelikebrainlesslocusts.
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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Unlimitedgrowthonourlimitedworldisnotpossible
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Wewillsoonhavereachedourlimits.Wehavetodosomething.Andsomethingcanbedone.
ClubofRome1972LimitsofGrowth
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Unlimitedgrowthonourlimitedworldisnotpossible
todaywehave1.8ha/humanbeing
2050wewillhave1.2ha/humanbeing
todayweneeded2.3ha/humanbeing
Europeansuse4.7ha/humanbeing
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Itisaseriousbutsimpleproblemalreadynow!
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
asanexampleeveryhour300childrendiebecausetheyhavenoaccesstocleanwater
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Whoistoblame?
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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Whatkindofworlddoweleaveforourchildren?
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Wedon‘towntheworld,wehaveonlyborroweditfromourchildren
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Whoistoblame?
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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Resolution38/161;19.12.1983Processofpreparationoftheenvironmentalperspectivetotheyear2000andbeyond
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
TheGeneralAssembly…8.Suggests that theSpecialCommission (…) should focusmainlyonthefollowingtermsofreferenceforitswork:
a. To propose long‐term environmental strategies for achievingsustainabledevelopmenttotheyear2000andbeyond;
b. To recommend ways in which concern for the environment may betranslated into greater co‐operation among developing countries andbetweencountriesatdifferentstagesofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentand lead to the achievement of common and mutually supportiveobjectiveswhich take account of the interrelationships betweenpeople,resources,environmentanddevelopment;
c.Toconsiderwaysandmeansbywhichtheinternationalcommunitycandealmoreeffectivelywithenvironmentalconcerns(…)
d.Tohelptodefinesharedperceptionsof long‐termenvironmentalissuesandofappropriateefforts neededtodealsuccessfullywiththeproblemsofprotectingandenhancingtheenvironment,(…)
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UnitedNationsDefinitionofsustainabledevelopment
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Sustainable development is development that meets theneeds of the present without compromising the abilities offuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.
Itcontainswithintwokeyconcepts:
1.Theconceptofneedsinparticulartheessentialneedsoftheworld‘spoor(…)and
2.Theideaoflimitationimposedbythestateoftechnologyandsocialorganizationontheenvironment‘sabilitytomeetpresentandfutureneeds.
Brundtlandreport „OurCommonFuture“welcomedbytheUNGeneralAssemblyin its resolution42/187andpublishedbyOxfordUniversityPressin1987.
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UnitedNationsBrundtlandReport3columnstrategy
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Integrating environmental, social and economic requirements in everyplanningprocess.
Acceptingglobalresponsibilityforenvironmentaleffectsoutsideareasofjurisdiction.
Decouplingeconomicgrowthfromenvironmentaldegradation.
Intergenerational equity – providing future generations with the sameenvironmentalpotentialaspresentlyexists.
Preventing irreversible long‐term damage to ecosystems and humanhealth.
Ensuring environmental adaptability and resilience – maintaining andenhancingtheadaptivecapacityoftheenvironmentalsystem.
Ensuringdistributionequity–avoidingunfairorhighenvironmentalcostsonvulnerablepopulations.
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3columntheory
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
economy
ecology
society
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
3columntheory
economy
ecology
society
WRONG
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
3columntheory
economy
ecology
society
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Metatrend
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
1900 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
2000 10 20 30 40
Ideologicmassproduction
Materialisticmassconsumption
Idealisticindividualuse
Unsustainabledevelopment
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Asimplesolution,let‘smakeitacomplicatedproblem
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Thebattleofthe‐isms
CapitalismSocialismEcoismEgoismActivism
=avoidaction
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ecoegotheory
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
economy
society
ecology
WRONG
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ecoegotheory
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
economy
society
ecology
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
3egotheory
economy
ecology
society
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
3egotheory
economy
ecology
society
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
3egotheory
economy
ecology
society
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
economygrows
ecologydeclines
correlationbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentaldegradation
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
correlationbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentaldegradation
economydeclines
ecologygrows
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
couplingenvironmentalandeconomicgrowth
economy
ecology
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theconceptofwaste
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Themodernhumanbeingistheonlyspeciesonearththatproduceswaste.
„Humansaretheonlyspeciesthattakesfromthesoilvastquantitiesofnutrientsneededforbiologicalprocessesbutrarelyputsthembackinausableform“
McDonough&Braungart,CradletoCradlep96
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theconceptofwaste
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
„Toeliminatetheconceptofwastemeanstodesignthings–products,packagingandsystems–fromtheverybeginningontheunderstandingthatwastedoesnotexist.“
McDonough&Braungart,CradletoCradlep104
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theconceptofwaste
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
theconceptofwasteistheconceptofwastingvalues:
FinancialvaluesSocialvaluesCulturalvaluesEcologicvalues.
Sustainabilityistheconceptofno‐waste.
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linearproductcyclethinking
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
resource production consumption waste
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production consumption waste
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fromlineartocircularthinking
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
productionuse
resource
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fromoperationaltosustainablethinking
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
short‐termoperationalproduct0‐1year
mid‐termplanningproject0‐5years
long‐termoperationalprocess20‐0years
anticipatoryethicalsustainable100‐0years
years0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150
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HannoverPrinciplesBillofRightsforthePlanet
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Insistontherightofhumanityandnaturetocoexistinahealthy,supportive,diverseandsustainablecondition.
Recogniseinterdependence.
Theelementsofhumandesigninteractwithanddependonthenaturalworld,withbroadanddiverseimplicationsateveryscale.Expanddesignconsiderationstorecognizingevendistanteffects.
Respectrelationsshipsbetweenspiritandmatter.
Considerallaspectsofhumansettlementincludingcommunity,dwelling,industry,andtradeintermsofexistingandevolvingconnectionsbetweenspiritualandmaterialconsciousness.
1/3
designguidelinesdevelopedfortheWorld‘sfair2000/WilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991
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HannoverPrinciplesBillofRightsforthePlanet
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Acceptresponsibilityfortheconsequencesofdesigndecisionsuponhumanwell‐being,theviabilityofnaturalsystems,andtheirrighttoco‐exist.
Createsafeobjectstolong‐termvalue.
Donotburdenfuturegenerationswithrequirementsformaintenanceorvigilantadministrationofpotentialdangerduetothecarelesscreationsofproducts,processes,orstandards.
Eliminatetheconceptofwaste.
Evaluateandoptimizethefulllife‐cycleofproductsandprocesses,toapproachthestateofnaturalsystemsinwhichthereisnowaste.
Relyonnaturalenergyflows.
Humandesignsshould,likethelivingworld,derivetheircreativeforcesfromperpetualsolarincome.Incorporatethisenergyefficientlyandsafelyforresponsibleuse.
2/3
designguidelinesdevelopedfortheWorld‘sfair2000/WilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991
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HannoverPrinciplesBillofRightsforthePlanet
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Understandthelimitationsofdesign.
Nohumancreationlastsforeveranddesigndoesnotsolveallproblems.Thosewhocreateandplanshouldpracticehumilityinthefaceofnature.Treatnatureasmodelandmentor,notaninconveniencetobeevadedorcontrolled.
Seekconstantimprovementsbysharingknowledge.
Encouragedirectandopendialoguebetweencolleagues,patrons,manufacturersanduserstolinklong‐termsustainableconsiderationswithethicalresponsibilityandreestablishtheintegralrelationsshipbetweennaturalprocessesandhumanactivity.
3/3
designguidelinesdevelopedfortheWorld‘sfair2000/WilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
TheCO2problem
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
CO2Emission
29,6%
20,7%
19,3%
12,9%
9,1%
8,4%Powerproduction
Industrialproduction
Mobility
Residential
Landuseandbiomassburning
Fossilfuelprocessing
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NonsustainableCO2
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
TheproblemaboutCO2isthefactthatwe
a.producetoomuchandb.wasteit.
Facit:
Bynonsustainablethinkingwerisktheexistenceofthehumanrace.
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SustainableCO2
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
CO2assuchisonereason,whytheaveragetemperatureonthisplanetis+15°Cinsteadof–18°C.
ChemicallythereisnothingwrongwithCO2.
CO2couldbeavaluableresourcee.g.toproducepolycarbonat.
Theproblemsolvingisontheway:
CCSTechnologyCarbonCaptureandSequestrationavailableasindustrialtechnologynotbefore2020pricepertatthemoment75€‐marketablebelow20€
PossiblereductionofCO2emission:90%!!!!!
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Howmuchpetroldoweleaveforourchildren?
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Energycrisis
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
1930! 1950! 1970! 1990! 2010! 2030! 2050!
0!
10!
20!
30!
40!
50!
Gb/y!
knownreserves consumption estimatedreserves consumptiondevelopment
sourceBritishPetroleum
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Today‘scentralizedenergysupplysystemisbasingontheoligopolisticeconomicsystemoftheearly19thcentury.
Theenergyindustryclaimsthatregenerativeenergywillneverbeabletoreplacefossilandnuclearenergy.
Thetruthis:Theycan‘tdoitbutitcouldbedone.
Nonsustainableenergycrisis
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Nonsustainableenergycrisis
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Today‘scentralizedenergysupplysystemwillbreakdown.
Thepriceoftheresourceswillincreasedramatically.Thecoststomaintainthepowertransmissionlineswillrise.Thecoststobuildnewpowerplantswillexceedtheexpectedprofits.Thecoststobuilddownoldnuclearpowerplantswilleatupallprofits.Thecoststodepositnuclearwastewillbecomeunmanageable.Thepricefortradionallyproducedenergywillhavetorisebeyondreasonablelimits.
Theenergyuserswilllookincreasinglyfornew,cheaper,cleanerandindependentalternatives.
Thisprocesshasbegun.
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Asustainablesolutionforanunsustainablesystem?
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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SustainableEnergyExample
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Michelin
Frenchproduceroftyreshasbuildtheworldwidebiggestphotovoltaicroofinstallation
200510MWpenergyfor2.800householdsperyearreductionof1.650tCO2
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Asustainablesolutionforasustainablesystem:
Theindividualpowerplant.
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
BigBusinessSustainabilityProjectWashingMachine
Price600€Lifespan10years2.500washings0.24€/wash
35g/wash2€/kg
0.o6€/wash
1kW/wash 45l/wash
0.38€/wash
toearnmore
reducelifespanincreaseprice
reduceefficiencyincreaseprice
reduceefficiencyincreaseprice
reduceefficiencyincreaseprice
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
BigBusinessSustainabilityProjectWashingMachine
toearnmore
longerlifespanreusematerial
increaseefficiency reduceconsumption
reduceconsumption
600€ 35g/wash 1kW/wash 45l/wash
0.68€/wash
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Sustainabletourism–anillusion?
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SustainableTourismDefinition
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Sustainable tourism iswhere tourists canenjoytheir holidayand at the same time respect the cultureof peopleandalsorespecttheenvironment.
Italsomeansthat localpeople(suchastheMasaai)getafairsay about tourism and also receive some money from theprofit which the game reserve make. The environment isbeingdamagedquitealotbytouristsandpartofSustainabletourismistomakesurethatthedamagingdoesnotcarryon.
STUPID
SourceWikipedia2010
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Tourism
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
„Tourismisaninternationalsystemofexchangeattheheartofglobalisation“
Assuchitworkslikefuel:Itisenergythatenablesmobility.
Butitalsoproduces„aculturalclimatechange“.
How can we avoid an unwanted cultural polution and turn theproductionofculturalwasteintoavaluableandsustainableresource?
SourceWikipedia2010
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TheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganisationSustainableTourismDefinition
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Sustainable tourism is tourism that meets the needs of presenttouristsandhostregionswhileprotectingandenhancingopportunityforthefuture.
Rather than being a type of product, it is an ethos that underpins all tourismactivities. As such, it is integral to all aspects of tourism development andmanagementratherthanbeinganadd‐oncomponent.
Theobjectiveofsustainabletourismistoretaintheeconomicandsocialadvantagesof tourismdevelopmentwhile reducingormitigating any undesirable impacts onthenatural,historic,culturalorsocialenvironment.
Thisisachievedbybalancingtheneedsoftouristswiththoseofthedestination.
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RovaniemiPrinciplesCodeofsustainabletourism
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Insistontherightof humanityandnaturetocoexist inahealthy,supportive,diverseandsustainablecondition.
Recogniseinterdependence.
Tourisminteractswithanddependsonthenaturalworldandculturaldiversity,withbroad and diverse implications at every scale. Expand measures of tourism torecognizingevendistanteffects.
Respectrelationsshipsbetweenspiritandmatter.
Considerallaspectsofhumansettlementincludingcommunity,dwelling,mobility,and trade in terms of existing and evolving connections between spiritual andmaterialconsciousness.
1/3
DraftbasedontheHannoverprinciples,BillofRightsforthePlanetbyWilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Accept responsibility for the consequences of tourism upon human well‐being, theviabilityofnaturalsystems,andtheirrighttoco‐exist.
Createsafeobjectstolong‐termvalue.
Donotburdenfuturegenerationswithrequirements formaintenanceorrestoringof culture or environment due to the careless exploitation of routes anddestinationsthroughtourism.
Eliminatetheconceptofwaste.
Evaluateandoptimizethefulllife‐cycleofproductsandprocesses,toapproachthestateofnaturalsystemsinwhichthereisnowaste.
Respectclimaticpeculiarities.
Tourismshouldnotcontributeunnecessarilyandirresponsiblytotheclimatchangeoritsconsequences.
RovaniemiPrinciplesCodeofsustainabletourism
2/3
DraftbasedontheHannoverprinciples,BillofRightsforthePlanetbyWilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991
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SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt
Understandthelimitationsoftourism.
Those who are tourists or live of tourism should practice humility in the face ofcultureandnature.Treat themasmodel andmentor, not an inconvenience tobeevadedorcontrolled.
Seekconstantimprovementsbysharingknowledge.
Encourage direct and open dialogue between tourists, tour‐operators, hosts andlocal communities to link long‐term sustainable considerations with ethicalresponsibilityandreestablishtheintegralrelationsshipbetweennaturalprocesses,culturalpremissesandhumanactivity.
3/3
DraftbasedontheHannoverprinciples,BillofRightsforthePlanetbyWilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991
RovaniemiPrinciplesCodeofsustainabletourism
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Thankyouforyourattention
SustainableDesign
Prof.MichaelHardt