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Transcript of How To Inspect Underground Storage Tanks - Steel Tank Fab/12.18.13STI Webinar How To... · How To...
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Environmental Compliance for Petroleum Systems
How To Inspect Underground Storage Tanks Petroleum Storage Tank Maintenance WEBINAR: 12/18/2013 10:00 -11:15 am CST
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Outline
• PEI RP-900 and RP-1200 inspections • Fiberglass Tank Deflection Testing • Tank Cleaning & Water Removal Methods • Internal Video Inspections
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• Daily, Monthly, & Annual Inspection Checklists
PEI RP-900
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• Leak Detection – ATG functional & no alarms – Daily Inventory – No Complaints (Slow-Flow)
• Tank Area – Fill cover – Spill bucket (clean & dry) – Fill pipe
PEI RP-900: Daily Checklist
Don’t forget dispensing equipment.
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• Leak Detection Method – ATG – passing tests – SIR – passing tests – Other methods - passing
• Tank Equipment – Manholes – Spill containers – Drop tubes – Tank stick – Check for water – Vents
• Vapor Recovery • Wells • Corrosion Protection
PEI RP-900: Monthly Checklist
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• STP Inspection – Test Line Leak Detection – Check for leaks
• Sump Inspection – Condition – Product or Water – Test Sensors
PEI RP-900: Annual Checklist
Inspection normally conducted by certified technician
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• Methods for checking – Spill & Overfill Systems – Leak Detection Equipment – Secondary Containment
PEI RP-1200
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• EPA Checklists • Release Detection • Spill Protection • Overfill Protection • Corrosion Protection
EPA Guidance
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• Fiberglass tanks became popular in 1970’s • Some 30 – 40 year old tanks are still in service • Tanks may deflect or deform over time • Many potential causes of structural deformation and/or deflection
• Poor installation practices • Poor compaction; substandard backfill; migration of backfill • Voids or air pockets; lack of support in critical areas
• Softening of fiberglass resin due to fuel additives • Many “new” additives that tanks may not be designed to handle • Alcohol/Ethanol/Other blends may impact older tanks
• Other Heavy Load Factors • Excessive traffic loads (tanker trucks) • High water table • Damaged tank pad or construction activity
Deflection Testing Fiberglass Tanks
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Example of Fiberglass Tank Deflection
1.6" Distance 1.1" Distance
"NORMAL" Tank
92" Diameter
"BAD" Tank
90" Diameter
24" CHORD
CROSS-SECTION VIEW OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKSEXAMPLE OF STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION AND BOTTOM FLATNESS
Tank shell suffers from excessive
stress due to deformation
Tank shell has round cross-
section and normal stress loads
Measures the “sector” which is the distance from a 24” chord to the bottom of the tank
Original 92”
Diameter
DEFLECTED TANK
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Methods To Detect Deformation
• Vertical Deflection Measurement (tank diameter) • Normally measured during installation – part of checklist
• Should compare diameter before and after backfilling • Not a reliable indicator for existing tanks
• Original diameter usually not available for comparison • Bottom Flatness Test (Tanknology “Level I” inspection)
• Better indicator of tank deflection than diameter measurement alone • Most cost--effective and accurate method for multiple tanks • Requires proprietary tool and expertise
• Internal Video Inspection (Tanknology “Level II” inspection) • Provides visual observation of possible deformation and bottom flatness • May also show blistering, deterioration, stress cracks, buckling, etc. • Tank must be empty
• Manned Tank Entry • Measurements of deflection, bottom flatness, and hardness • Costly and potentially dangerous
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Bottom Flatness Testing - Setup
Insert through standard 4” riser. Digital
Caliper
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Tank Cleaning Methods (1 of 2)
• Bottom Sweep • Removal of water and/or debris from
bottom of tank using guided hoses. • Cim-Tek Cim-Cart, Gorman-Rupp
Tankleenor, Tanknology, others
• Fuel Filtration or Fuel Polishing • Cyclones, Coalescer/Separators,
Filtration, Conditioning, etc. Establish return flow of liquid to carry debris toward inlet.
• Algae-X, Tanknology FuelPure®, others
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Tank Cleaning Methods (2 of 2)
• Rotational Pressure Washing or Impingement Cleaning • Tank is empty. Spray Balls or Rotating Spray
Nozzles wash and rinse the entire tank. Waste water and debris is pumped and/or vacuumed from tank.
• Butterworth, GamaJet, Spraying Systems
• Video-Guided Pressure Washing • Spray nozzle cleans specific areas of tank.
Video camera monitors and directs cleaning process. Vacuum out waste water and debris.
• Tanknology TankClean®
• Internal Entry • Shovels, Scrapers, Brooms, Mops, etc
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Video Inspections - Reasons
• Verify and locate holes & cracks • Verify and locate water ingress • Fuel Contamination • Water bottoms • Cleaning operations • Corrosion inspections • Lining inspections • Condition of fiberglass tanks • Condition/presence of overfill protection • Operation of STP’s and other equipment • Retrieval of dropped equipment • Identify available bungs for ATG installation
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Water Ingress
• Water ingress at STP Riser
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Small Water Ingress
• Random inspection identified small water ingress
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Water Ingress
• Small water ingress through crack in tank
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Water Ingress
• Large water ingress through hole in tank bottom
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Water Ingress
• Large water ingress through hole in tank bottom
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Water Ingress
• Large water ingress through STP Riser under Containment Sump
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Small Water Ingress
• A tank failed the VacuTect® test due to water ingress • The tank was taken out of service and sat idle for 6 mos. • Several inches of water and sludge accumulated • The tank was then pressure washed with TankClean™
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Small Water Ingress
• After thorough cleaning the entire tank was visible • A small ingress was identified at bottom with TankCam® • The hole had been clogged by sludge in tank • The water trickled in again after pressure cleaning
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Water Bottoms
• ULSD Tank with clear fuel but sediment on tank surface
• No water at Fill Pipe or ATG Riser • “Clean” sample collected • No history of water pump-outs • But a “pool” of water exists on tank
bottom between fill & ATG • Dark color indicates microbial
growth (confirmed by lab sample)
ATG Striker Plate
Drop Tube
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Fuel Contamination
• Sediment and debris in bottom of tank • Looking down through 20” of gasoline
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Fuel Contamination
• Heavy sludge on tank bottom
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Fuel Contamination
• Heavy sludge on tank bottom
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Fuel Contamination
• Heavy sludge on tank bottom
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Tank Cleaning – Video Guided Wash
• High-pressure TankClean™ water jet is directed toward surfaces that need cleaning
• Process is monitored with TankCam® • Debris is pumped out with vacuum truck
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Tank Cleaning – Video Guided Wash
• TankClean™ Process
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Corrosion Inspection
• STI-P3 tank. • Interior still shiny with no
signs of corrosion
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Corrosion Inspection
Heavy corrosion in steel tank. Small water drip at ATG and hole in end cap. History of water ingress and sludge.
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Corrosion Inspection
• ULSD systems have experienced corrosion inside tanks
Ball Float close-up
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Corrosion Inspection
• ULSD systems have experienced corrosion inside tanks
View down fill riser STP shaft
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Lining Inspection
• Internal linings – Good?
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Lining Inspection
• Internal lining. Sludge covers bottom of tank.