How to do a home energy audit
25
Electrical Energy: What it is and how to measure it Rod Hinman Energy Efficiency Workshops, Spring 2009
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The Friends of NELHA presented a 3 part workshop called Energy Efficiency and Auditing Workshop in Hawaii. This slideshow presentation by Dr. Roderick Hinman is the first section which discusses what electricity is, how it is measured, and how you can measure the electrical loads of each appliance in your home to make decisions that can save on your home electric bill.
Transcript of How to do a home energy audit
Energy Auditing for Home and Small Business
Electrical Energy: What it is and how to measure itRod HinmanEnergy Efficiency Workshops, Spring 2009
Electricity 101 Volts pressure pushing the electronsAmps (current) flow of electronsWatts = Volts * Amps
Electric Power: WattsPower, or how fast we are using energyWatts = Volts * AmpsAlso kilowatts (1 kW = 1000 W)
AC / DCDC = direct currentExamples: 12V car battery 35V solar panelAC = alternating currentExample: 120V wall voltage
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Thousandths of a second
Volts
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Thousandths of a second
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Thousandths of a second
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Thousandths of a second
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Electricity 102Energy how we measure useful work that accomplishes a taskWash clothesLight the room during dinnerHeat your teaPhone your motherEnergy = (how fast using energy) * (how long)Energy = Watts * Time
Energy: UnitsWatt-hour (Wh)Kilowatt-hour (kWh)1 kWh = 1000 Wh = 10W * 100 hours = 100W * 10 hours*
Why Measure or Audit?control
Measure your total useRead your meterUse special tools for real-time displayBreak consumption down by applianceMeasurementsEstimates
Using HELCO Meter to Calculate PowerKh is a value printed on meter label: 3.6, 7.2, 14.4Multiplier is printed on meter label, or = 1 if omittedRevolutions: number of revolutions of the wheelSeconds: # seconds that those revolutions took
Example: 3.6 7.2 1 (1 rev) /(10 sec) = 2.6 kWPower (kW) = 3.6 Kh multiplier revolutions / seconds
Tools Whole HousePower Cost Monitor from Blue Line InnovationsReads dial or flashing light on HELCO meterIndoor real-time display encourages conservationSafe installBut finicky setup
Tools Whole HouseThe Energy Detective (TED) from Energy, Inc.Sensor unit in breaker box, electrician neededIndoor real-time display encourages conservationAccurate, even at low power usageUpdates every second, both kW power and total kWh energy usedCan connect a PC to log power draw over time
Individual Appliances with Whole-House ToolsTurn off as many appliances as you canUnplug them or use breakers Especially devices that cycle: refrigerator, water heater, air conditioningMeasure base power consumption in kW clocks in your stove, etc.Turn on an appliance and measure total power consumption in kWAppliance power kW = total baseTurn off appliance and repeat with another one
Tools Individual AppliancesKill-A-Watt Watts Up
Plug into wall, then plug appliance into device.
Estimating Appliance ConsumptionLook on label for Watt or Amp ratingUsually means peak:Turned fully onUnder all operating conditions
Estimating Appliance ConsumptionPrinted PublicationsHELCOEnergy StarOnline energy calculatorsHome Energy Saver from Lawrence Berkeley National Labs (hes.lbl.gov)US DoE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (www1.eere.energy.gov/calculators/homes.html)Others
Example* $0.34/kWh was the effective residential rate for my bill spanning most of September and a couple of days in October
Other ExamplesRoom Air Conditioner 500-1000WDesktop Computer 60-400WLaptop Computer 10-30WToaster Oven 1600WIncandescent Lamp 60-100WPool pump 1000W
Photo CreditsWater pressure by pbo31, Bubbling water by just having some fun on FlikrFire hose by dmuth on Flikr, Faucet: City of Grapevine, TexasCFL by Outsanity Photos on FlikrGreen clock by Catherine on FlikrProduct photos from company web sitesOthers by Guy Toyama and Rod Hinman
Ways to Reduce ConsumptionSolar hot water heater: simple payback within 18 months after tax incentivesSet A/C warmer; service the A/C unitReplace incandescent (halogen, too) with fluorescent lightsTurn off/hibernate computer when not usingConfigure monitor to turn off, rather than use screen saverTurn off printer, especially laser printers
AC PowerWatts = Volts * AmpsNote: power is not constant, but is always one direction
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Units comparison
Reading Your MeterRead left to rightDials spin opposite directions (driven by gears)If hand between two numbers, pick lowerIf hand on a number, pick it if the next hand has passed zero, otherwise pick one less.Example from HECO site: 13924 kWh
Reading Your Meter: Digital with Net Energy MeteringScreen 3: consumptionScreen 6: production (when meter spinning backwards)Screen 7: net kWh with initial value set to 50,000 = 50000 + (screen 3) (screen 6) {note rounding error}
AuditingBreak down your usage by applianceMeasure or estimate how much energy usedStart with largest users
Automotive Mileage MeterScanGaugeIIDisplays instantaneous and trip MPGPlugs in under dashboardAlso records other operating parameters
Electrons are moving all the time, but haphazardly. Only when you have both moving electrons and a pressure behind them to you have power (Watts).Power is how fast we are using energy, or how fast we are filling that bucket in the previous slide. If we wash the dishes with the faucet turned on full blast, we are using water quickly. The wattage of a light bulb (say 100W) is telling you how fast you are using energy, not how bright it is, though they are related.Although called current, direct/alternating applies to the voltage as well.Energy is what accomplishes useful work. When you do a task, say washing your dishes, you use a certain amount of energy.Since Watts measure how fast we are using energy, energy is Watts times the amount of time the device is on. The basic unit we use is kilowatt-hours, or one thousand Watt-hours. A 10W compact fluorescent lamp running for 100 hours uses 1 kWh, as does a 100W incandescent lamp running for only 10 hours. Remember this term kilowatt-hour, as you will be seeing it a lot later today.The high level look is to measure your total use. To get more detail, you can break it downMeasures whole house, but you can also use it to measure portions of your house. You can make a fun family activity out of it. Photos of three appliances: a 300W rice cooker, a DVD player, and a compact fluorescent lamp. Note that the DVD player uses 20W when on, but may still use 5W when off. The CFL has a current rating as well as a voltage rating, and 120V*0.2A=24W, not 14W. The lamp probably uses about 14W on average, but in some cases may draw 0.2A, so they are required to label it that way.I may want to edit this list somewhatWatts is still the product of Volts times Amps. For simple loads, the current (Amps) goes the same direction as the pressure. The purpose of this slide is to show that units of electrical energy and power are unlike other quantities we come across in daily life. Most rates include the nomenclature per hour or per minute. However, Watts are a rate, and to get the quantity of energy, you must multiply by time. Just as you would not ordinarily say I drove 600 miles/hour last month, you would also not typically say, My refrigerator used 100 kilowatts last month. Either of those statements might be true at a particular time during the month (though I doubt it), but are not reflective of the quantity used.
