How the Mind Works
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Transcript of How the Mind Works
How the Mind Works
Decision
A professor likes to write poetry,
is rather shy, and is small in
stature. Which of the following
is his field:
1) Chinese studies
2) Psychology
What is the most likely sequence for the next six new babies born in the U.S.? (B = boy, G = girl)
1) BBBBBB
2) GGGBBB
3) GBBGGB
Which of the following domore people die of:
motor vehicle accidentsor
Stroke
Which of the following domore people die of:
homicideor
diabetes
Heuristics
andBias
Heuristics are simple rules.
Although their automatic useoften results in easy and quickdecisions, they are also responsiblefor much bias.
The Representative
Heuristic
Representative heuristic:
Judgments are biased by our assessment of the degree to which the salient features of specific instances resemble general categories.
What is the most likely sequence for the next six new babies born in the U.S.? (B = boy, G = girl)
1) BBBBBB
2) GGGBBB
3) GBBGGB
What is the most likely sequence for the next six new babies born in the U.S.? (B = boy, G = girl)
1) BBBBBB or all equalBBBBBB or all equal
2) GGGBBB
3) GBBGGB
A professor likes to write poetry,
is rather shy, and is small in
stature. Which of the following
is his field:
1) Chinese studies
2) Psychology
A professor likes to write poetry,
is rather shy, and is small in
stature. Which of the following
is his field:
1) Chinese studies
2) PsychologyPsychology
The Availability
Heuristic
Availability heuristic:
Judgments are biased by how easily specific examples are recalled.
Easier = more frequent or more causally related.
What is in our short-term memories affects our decisions.
Which of the following domore people die of:
motor vehicle accidentsor
Stroke
Which of the following domore people die of:
motor vehicle accidentsor
StrokeStroke
Which of the following domore people die of:
homicideor
diabetes
Which of the following domore people die of:
homicideor
diabetesdiabetes
Are there more words that beginwith the letter "r"
orthat have
"r" as the third letter?
There more words that have"r" as the third letter.
wordfirst
partialcare
streetderail
V
Carnivor Vegitarian0
10
20
30
Bars indicate standard errors.
Type of Person
% B
elie
ved
to
be
Veg
itar
ian
SchematicProcessin
g
Schemas:
Conscious or unconscious assumptions, beliefs, & theories. Our associative networks & preconceptions (innate & learned).
Which schemata are activatedinfluence our perceptions,our memories, our decisions,and our experience.Schemata guide constructiveand reconstructive processes.
For different individuals some schemata are more easily activated than others. Higher activation means greater availability. We tend to view our own and other’s personalities through the lenses of our beliefs and assumptions (i.e., our schemata).
Independenceloyaltyfriendliness
One schema that has been investigated is:
The belief in a just world
People with this schema tend to blame the victim in a situation.
The Just World Phenomenon