How Much is Really Enough? Understanding Self-Sufficiency in the Border Region
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How Much is Really Enough?Understanding Self-
Sufficiencyin the Border Region
Diana Pearce, Senior Lecturer & Director,Center for Woman's Welfare
University of Washington, School of Social Work [email protected]
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OverviewThe Self-Sufficiency Standard:
• The Why• The What• The How • The Where
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Median Income Compared toFederal Poverty Level
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
Median Family Income Current DollarsFederal Poverty Level
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/index.html, U.S. Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Supplemental, Table 3.E8—Poverty guidelines for families of specified size, 1965–2010 (in dollars), http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2010/3e.html#table3.e8, and Gordon Fisher, U.S. Social Security Administration, The Development and History of the Poverty Thresholds, http://www.ssa.gov/history/fisheronpoverty.html.
Family of 4, 1963-2010
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The Federal Poverty Level is Too Low
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
100% Federal Poverty Level
130% FPL = Food Stamps
Income Eligibility Levels for a Family of Three
165% FPL = AZ Child Care Assistance
185% FPL = WIC
175% FPL = AZ Kid-sCare (CHIP)
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The Federal Poverty Level does not vary by
Family Composition
2 Adults & 2 Young Kids
1 Adult & 3 Young Kids
2 Adults & 2 Older Kids
The Federal Poverty Level is $23,050 for all 3 of these families
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The Federal Poverty Level does not Vary by Place
San Diego Imperial Yuma
Pima Santa Cruz Cochise
Is the cost of living the same in these counties?
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What is the Self-Sufficiency Standard?The Self-Sufficiency Standard defines how much income a family (of a given composition, in a given place) needs to adequately meet their basic needs—without public or private assistance.
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Income Adequacy Should Measure the Market Basket of Needs
Housing Food Health Care
Transportation Child Care Taxes & Tax Credits
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How is the Standard Calculated?
San Diego County Pima County
$1,406 $860
$1,453$1,181
$780$718
$532
$548
$450
$450
$462
$376
$806
$360 Taxes and Tax Cred-itsMiscellaneousHealth CareTransportationFoodChild CareHousing
2 Adults1 Preschool-age child
1 School-age childMonthly
SSS= $5,889
Monthly SSS
= $4,494
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San Diego Imperial Yuma Pima Santa Cruz
Cochise
$14$10 $9 $9 $8 $8
$30$24
$19 $22$19 $19
Hourly Self-Sufficiency Standard Wages forCalifornia and Arizona Border Counties
One AdultOne Adult + One Preschooler + One School-age Child
The Standard Varies by Place and Family Type
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Laura Penny Executive Director
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Users of the Self-Sufficiency Standard in Arizona include: Non-profit organizations - for
public policy advocacy Government entities - for
evaluating economic development proposals
Individual businesses and business groups - to address childcare costs for their workers
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The “Crunch”: The SSS reveals how Earnings & the CPI Are Not Keeping up
with Real Costs
San Diego County2000 - 2011
Yuma County2003 - 2012
32%
9%
59%
33%29% 24%
Two Adults with One Preschooler & One School-age Child
Median Earnings SSS (no taxes)SSS (no taxes) updated with CPI
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The SSS Changes the Picture of Income Inadequacy
CT2000
NJ2005
CO2000
WA2000
PA2007
CA2007
MS2007
7% 7% 7% 8% 9% 10%
18%19% 20% 21% 21% 21%
31% 32%
Percentage of Households with Inad-equate IncomeFederal Poverty Level
Self-Sufficiency Standard
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The SSS Shows the Impact of the Great Recession
PA2007
PA2010
9% 11%
21%26%
Percentage of Households with Inad-equate IncomeFederal Poverty Level
Self-Sufficiency Standard
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Using the StandardOnline tools help with:
• Financial literacy & basic budgeting
• Accessing benefits• Exploring strategies
to achieve financial, educational, and career goals
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No Work Supports:Self-Sufficiency Standard
Child Support, Child Care, SNAP/WIC,KidsCare, Housing
Housing; $860Housing; $345
Child Care; $1,181
Child Care; $33
Food ; $523
Food ; $180
Transportation; $288
Transportation; $288
Health Care ; $395
Health Care ; $137
Miscellaneous; $325
Miscellaneous; $325
Taxes; $596
Taxes; $86
Tax Credits; ($267)
Tax Credits; ($0)Child Support; ($227)
Standard Shows Impact of Works Supports
Total Wage Needed to Meet Basic Needs Without Work Supports: $3,901 per month
Total Wage Needed to Meet Basic Needs With Work Supports: $1,167 per month
Pima County, AZ 2012One Adult, One Preschooler, One School-age Child
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Standard is Used to Analyze Wages
$9$11
$14$41
$15$9
$35$10
$15$10
Food PreparationStock Clerks
Office Clerks GeneralGeneral Managers
Customer ServiceWaiters and Waitresses
Registered NursesCashiers
Administrative AssistantsRetail Salespersons
Hourly Median Wage
Top Ten Occupations in Arizona, 2012$23.60 per hourHourly Self-Sufficiency Wage: One Adult, One Preschooler, and One School-age Child in Pinal County, AZ
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Making Progress Toward Self-Sufficiency
Self-Sufficiency at Exit
Achieved SSS or bet-ter
More than half way to SSS
Less than half way to SSS
Seattle-King County: Using the Self-Sufficiency Standard & the online calculator with clients, 2004-2008, 69% of customers had wages at 100% or above their specific Standard at exit
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Self-Sufficiency Standard www.selfsufficiencystandard.org
Diana Pearce, Senior Lecturer & DirectorCenter for Woman's Welfare
University of Washington School of Social Work [email protected]