How Far Ban Glades Hi People Are Aware That Natural Gas is Running Out Final Pc

8/3/2019 How Far Ban Glades Hi People Are Aware That Natural Gas is Running Out Final Pc

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Bangladesh Natural Gas Reserve Scene

HOW FAR BANGLADESHI PEOPLE ARE AWARE THAT NATURAL GAS IS

RUNNING OUT & WHAT DO THEY THINK WE SHOULD DO?

Prepared For:

Shafqat Chaudhuri

North South University

Prepared By:

Asif Kabir

Id: 063 653 530

DATE OF SUBMISSION: - December 24th, 2009


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Acknowledgement

First of all, I would like to thank Almighty Allah for blessing me with ample

patience and energy to work on this research paper. What started from just an idea could

never be implemented into reality without His blessings. I would definitely like to thank

my parents since they gave me their viewpoints and suggestions on the topic and

provided me with some useful guidelines on how to conduct the survey. I would also like

to thank my faculty, Shafqat Chowdhury, for the wonderful pointers and directions that

he has provided. He has been very helpful and without his guidelines, every single effort

put into this research paper would have simply gone to waste. In addition, I would also

mention all of my survey participants in this acknowledgment; they have been really

helpful and co-operative. Finally I would also like to acknowledge the help of my

classmates and friends especially Sabbir, Abu and Mehedi for the way they supported me

and my research topic, inspired me in many different ways and help me in gathering

information.


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Abstract


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Table of contents


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Introduction

[1]The development of any country depends mostly on its power without which

the national economy must fail to proceed. Everybody knows about the meager situation

of power in Bangladesh.]][2] Bangladesh is in desperate situation with its natural gas.

All knew that such situation may arrive by now. But none were serious for appropriate

actions in time to confront this. From a position of surplus in 2001 the national grid has

now about 400 MMCFD deficits in 2009. This has happened although production

increased by 600 MMCFD over this time mostly from Gas fields discovered in late

1990s. In addition, IOCs in block 5, 7 & 10 were allowed to hibernate at the same time.It

could also have been the Government who did not support Bapex to explore effectively

at that period. Inspite of these change of events the marketing companies allowed

mushroom growth of medium to large gas using industries without bothering for gas

availability. Possibly to justify its ill conceived perception that our gas reserve would run

out by 2015, it did not go for required development of own reserves. This is exactly the

scene that arises when politically favored non professionals are allowed to run highly

technically sensitive energy sector. Nevertheless, such disturbing gas situation has

already become a pain in the neck for the government.

Bangladesh is among the fortunate countries of the world which has substantial

volume of natural gas resources. Part of it is discovered, again only part of discovered

resources has been proven. Still that proven reserve still dominates our energy scenario.

The gas industry in this part of the world is about 60 years old. Our industry is much


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older than our immediate neighbors despite our skills and capacity have not grown over

the recent years. By and by our capacity is getting much thinner.

For a natural gas prone country like ours we should have a dynamic institution

now which could be self sustaining in planning, implementing and operating all

infrastructure development projects. But look at our gas situation. People still are

confused about our gas reserve the most vital resource. We have no definite exploration

policy, no depletion policy. There is a reservoir monitoring cell but no senior experienced

petroleum or reservoir engineers. Moreover, we do not follow any integrated reservoir

management , no plan for regular reservoir pressure survey , no third party independent

technical auditing of production management. One after another major gas field

reservoirs are getting damaged due to over-production. We can not say with confidence

as to what should be safe and economic production rate of specific wells or a maximum

daily rate of a gas field. In absence of depletion plan there is no action for secondary or

tertiary recovery from producing gas fields through setting up of well head booster

compressors. The drive mechanism of gas fields is not ascertained. ]]

[1]The recoverable gas reserve (proven and probable) of the 23 discovered gas

fields of the country is 20.63 TCF of which 7.42 TCF has been used so far leaving a

recoverable gas reserve of 13.21 TCF (as of December 2007). Energy demand projection

for a developing country like Bangladesh is difficult to perform. Several scenarios were

used to get an understanding of the energy requirement for a level of economic

performance.


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The natural gas requirement from 2000 to 2050 has been summarized as follows:

(a) If the economic performance is on the low side (3% GDP growth rate), the total gas

requirement will be between 40 and 44 Tcf.

(b) If economic performance continues according to the historical trend (Business-as-

usual; 4.55% GDP growth rate), gas requirement will be between 64 and 69 Tcf.

(c) If performance is on the moderately high side (6% GDP growth rate), gas

requirement will be between 101 and 110 Tcf.

(d) If performance is on the high side (7% GDP growth rate), gas requirement will be

between 141 and 152 Tcf.

However, depending on low GDP rate the natural gas demand up to 2020 will be

9.9 Tcf to 17.4 Tcf. Now it is evident that the present natural gas reserve is not sufficient

to meet our upcoming demand. The gas shortage has already been started all over the

country. Government has already started rationing in distribution. Several power plants

are not able to generate their maximum capacity because of gas shortage. Numerous

industries are struggling for the production because of gas shortage. Indeed in recent

years this problem has been of concern among the prodigal minds of the country. The

question is how much we the consumers, realize about the scene.


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Background

[3] How Natural Gas Sector Evolved:

Gas exploration activities started in this region in the 50s when some

multinational companies were active after oil find in Assam following world war two.

Pakistan Petroleum Ltd discovered gas at Chiknagul, Haripoor Sylhet. Unfortunately

Sylhet 1 was a blow out .There is a crater and a pond around burial of the drill rig where

gas is still bubbling out for almost 60 years. Sylhet 2 was a relief well drilled to contain

blow out .Sylhet 3 was the first producer. Around same time gas was also discovered in

Chatak. Around same time Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation planed to set up

Natural Gas Fertilizer Factory at Fenchuganj and Cement Factory at Chatak. Gas of

Sylhet gas field and Chattak were utilsed for these setting up treatment plants and

constructing gas transmission pipelines. That was PPL which after independence became

BPL and now Sylhet Gas Fields Ltd. That was the beginning of gas era in this part of the

world.

Present Energy Scenario of Bangladesh

From August 1975 till now gas sector had to overcome many barriers, several ups

and downs. Military democracy infiltrated weak and corrupt administration; sector could

not be developed professional. Growth and development utilizing huge assistance of

development partners could not create efficiency and professionalism. Rather hundreds of

well trained professionals left sector causing severe brain rain. The residues can hardly


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cope up with expanding activities which led to present dismal situation. Let us have a

quick browse of present situation.

Bangladesh ranks low in terms of both Per Capita Energy Consumption and Energy

Intensity.

About 32% have access to Power & about 10% have access to Natural Gas.

The average daily power demand is 5000 MW and gas demand is about 1900 MMCF.

The Effective Power Generation Capacity is 4000 MW and Actual Daily Gas Supply is

1750 MMCF.

Transmission Capacities of Power and Gas as well as System loss is not taken into

account here.

The huge deficit of power and gas supply have created severe energy crisis.

The countrys power generation is basically mono fuel based with about 90% produced

from Natural Gas.

Other options are lone Hydro Electric Plant at Kaptai, The Lone Coal Based plant at

Barapukuria and several small furnace oil and Diesel Plants in the northern and Southern

Region.


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Effects of Uncertain Energy Scenario:

Gas Supply constraint has restricted power generation specifically in Chittagong region.

Power Crisis has impeded industrial operation and almost halted further industrial

growth. It tends to stall economy, trade and commerce.

This may put already depleting forest resources under severe stress with consequent

adverse environmental impacts.

The country may drift into chaos and uncertainty, poverty and anarchy may trigger

terrorism and instability.

Anti Bangladesh elements may try to brand Bangladesh as a failed country.

The opportunity lost may prove catastrophic and may entice yet more bright and

dynamic professionals to migrate to foreign countries for better living.

In this technology driven energy world the consequent brain drain

may bring more disasters.

The potential FDI in energy and downstream sectors may change direction to Vietnam,

Cambodia and other destinations.

Even Bangladeshi industrial entrepreneurs may lose incentives to invest.

These will create major unemployment crisis and frustrations.


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Power Generation at present:

Around 82% of power generation is dependent on natural gas of which 85%

(cumulative production) gas is supplied from governmental organization (Petrobangla)

and 15% (cumulative production) gas is supplied from International Oil Companies

(IOCs). Khulna power plant (226MW), Bhola power plant (6MW), and Khulna Power

Company Ltd (KPCL) (110MW) are producing electricity (9% of total) using oil/furnace

oil as fuel.]]

Reasons For crisis

Bangladesh failed to set up a functional energy Authority of competent, honest,

dynamic energy professionals due to inappropriate policy, lack of good governance,

inappropriate human resource development policy.

Bangladesh even could not organize effective reservoir management team to asses the

exact extent of its reserve and resources and allowed unnecessary debates of theoreticians

and thereby policy makers got confused and refrained from taking appropriate decisions

at right time.

Bangladesh could not develop any energy institution capable to undertake operations

independently. Government interfered too much.

Bangladesh failed to Develop Bapex as flagship national company in upstream

exploration and development.

Bangladesh failed to set up a competent unit to monitor and mange operation of IOCs

and as such failed to get technology transfer or control costs of IOCs.

Bangladesh could not adjust price of fuel in domestic market to


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international level. As such, the high differential in purchase of gas from IOCs and

selling in domestic market cause tremendous financial hardship for gas companies.

Similarly PDB is in serious trouble with power from IPPs and BPC is almost on the verge

of collapse for buying Petroleum at sky scraping price and selling at

poor domestic price.

Energy companies never allowed working with any freedom and autonomy.

Government and Corporation officials dominate company boards. These make the

company autonomy mockery.

Bangladesh failed to effectively explore and exploit it sizeable gas and Coal resources

to extract maximum national benefit.

Vast portion of onshore and almost entire off shore area have not been surveyed even

for hydrocarbons and minerals.

In absence of drilling and depletion strategy Bangladesh destroyed potential Bakhrabad

and Sangu gas structures and also allowed minor companies like Occidental and Niko to

destroy our resources at Magurchhara and Tengratilla.

Petrobangla, PDB and Energy Companies are dominated by unworthy politically

blessed civil and Military Bureaucrats and wrong professionals.

Very intelligent energy sector mafias misguided even the Care Taker Energy

Management. In almost a year and a half CTG failed miserably to bring meaningful

changes. Contingency Power Plants are wrong decision. In future another group of people

will be brought to dock for wrong decisions. The approach for 450 MW major plants at

Nabiganj (Beside Bibiyana) and Sirajganj were OK. But the tendering and evaluation


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process followed same fussy route to favor blessed ones. Wonder whether similar

syndicate is involved in Deep waterdrilling also.

Present Demand and Supply Balance (on a particular day in May 2009 (in MMSCFD)

Sector Customer Type Demand Supply Balance Shortfall

Bulk

Power 926 770 226

Fertilizer 289 163 126

Non-grid Power (SPP) 35 22 13

Sub-total 1,250 955 365

Non-bulk

Captive 280 270 10

CNG 78 78 0

Industry 297 273 24

Domestic 260 250 10

Commercial & others 26 22 4

Sub-total 941 893 48

Grand Total 2,191 1,848 413

However, the policy makers and the experts must analyze and discuss the present

scenarios. The national economy will suffer unexpected stagnant situation for long

periods, if the country does not take initiatives immediately to address this present

uncertain and meager energy situation properly. We shall have to realize that the


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continued crisis and trouble in power-energy sectors may cause disastrous situation in our

industry, agriculture and other commercial sectors. The national economy will obviously

become stagnant or even nonfunctional. ]]

Research questions

In my research, I plan to investigate the fact that how far the citizens are aware of

the fact that natural gas is running out. What is the general view of the citizens about


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these facts and what are the measures they think should be taken immediately. Therefore,

I will be addressing the following research questions:

Is there any possibility that natural gas may run out?

How much are the people aware of the fact that natural gas reserve is running out?

What is the role of Government in such situation?

What are the alternatives to Natural Gas for Bangladesh?

How important is Natural Gas for Bangladesh?

What is the state (reserve) of natural gas in Bangladesh?

Hypothesis

Natural gas is one of the important resources that we rely on. The demand of

natural gas is increasing at lightening speeds whereas the supply is getting limited and

ultimately it will run out of stock. Day by day we are leaning on natural gas support but


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are we really aware of the fact that it is at the brink of exhaustion? It appears to me that

most people in Bangladesh are not aware of the state of natural gas in the country. The

research and development of natural gas should have become a high priority subject for

us by now. The economy of Bangladesh is heavily depended on natural gas support.

There is no concern about the sustainable use of natural resources. On the other hand

foreign companies are benefiting utilizing our natural gas. It is a clear fact that the

government is not so transparent about the contracts they made with foreign companies.

That day may very well be very near when we run out of natural gas and fall straight

down to our knees. It should have been the duty of the people of Bangladesh to be aware

of the situation surrounding natural gas reserves. Unfortunately, the scene is exactly the

opposite; we continue to carry on over-consuming every unit of our precious gas

reserves while remaining totally unconscious about its limit.

Methodology

Initially the research paper was just an idea based on the hypothesis (see p) that I

have made. As I started to think deeply over the topic, I decided to obtain two sets of data


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- one primary and one secondary. Since the topic that I have chosen for this research

paper is primarily an opinion based topic, it was quite difficult to obtain any direct data.

During the first few weeks, as I was working on my research questions, I

designed a questionnaire set (see Appendix) for general people & the university students

so that I could conduct a survey and get a direct feedback. For the primary data of this

paper, I decided to use the results of this survey to make an analysis of the peoples

reaction over the subject matter. I chose to conduct a survey of 20 people in Dhaka city.

Due to time constraints I couldnt conduct any surveys in the rural areas. The survey was

conducted in two days & I managed to conduct it successfully without much hassle

As for the secondary data, I had to rely mostly on online resources & local web

blogs. To catch any recent discussions over the topic I also had to keep an eye over the

daily newspapers regularly. Since the topic is narrowed down to a specific extent, I faced

problems in surfing over the internet to locate the exact resources. Eventually, I decided

to use whatever relevant information I could get over the internet and use it in my

research paper.

Data presentation & analysis

The basics:


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For the primary data collection, a questionnaire set was designed (based on the

research questions) to conduct a survey on a sample of 20 general public. In total, there

were 20 respondents, all of which were specifically - university students. The survey was

conducted not only among the male students but among the female students too. This was

done to obtain a clear perception about the topic. In particular, the objective during the

survey was to get as much feedback as possible

In order to make a proper judgment regarding whether the Bangladeshi people are

aware of the fact that natural gas is running out and what do they think we should do, an

in-depth analysis of each survey questions should be made. The survey questions were

designed to communicate with the participants as freely as possible. In addition, the

options to the responses of the questions were constructed in an easy to understand

manner so that the people could provide feedback with ease. Partly, this was also done so

that a narrowed feedback could be collected from the respondents.

In the analysis of the survey, a simple response table and a chart has been

provided with each question to get a clear and quick speculation of the responses. The

responses to the questions have been narrowed down to an abridged version to analyze

with ease and to relate clearly to the topic (See appendix A3 for the original

questionnaire sample).

1. What do you think is the state (reserve) of natural gas in Bangladesh?

a. High reserve

b. Moderatec. Low


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d. We have little quantity left

When I surveyed the people about the state of natural gas, 12 (60%) of the people

chose option (b) moderate. This shows that people are aware that gas reserve is not high

but it is moderate enough to meet peoples need. Only 2(10%) of the people answered

(a.) High reserve, 3 (15%) answered (c) Low and 3 (15%) answered (d) We have little

quantity left.

2. How many years will the gas last?

a. 10 - 20

b. 20 - 30c. 30 - 40

d. It will last forever

Responses

a b c d

2 12 3 3

Responses

a b c d

9 7 4 0

What do you think is the state (

reserve) of natural gas in Bangladesh

0

5

10

15

High reserve Moderate Low We have

little quantity

left

What do you think is the s

( reserve) of natural gas in

Bangladesh


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9 people (45%) of the respondents answered option (a) 10-20 years.

7 people (35%) of the respondents answered option (b) 20-30 years.

4 people (20%) of the respondents answered option (c) 30-40 years.

0 people (0%) of the respondents answered option (d) It will last forever.

This shows that most of the people think that the gas reserve is running low and will

eventually be exhausted because, 10-20 years is actually quite a short period of time.

Nobody answered option (4) It will last forever which goes to show that people are aware

of the fact that the gas reserve is eventually going to end.

3. Do you agree that natural gas resources are at the brink of exhaustion & we are not atall aware of the fact?

How many years will the gas las

0

2

46

8

10

10 -- 20 20 -- 30 30 -- 40 It will last

forever

How many years will

gas last?


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a. Strongly agree

b. Agreec. Moderately agree

d. Disagree

e. Highly disagree

Here, we can see that 100% of the respondents actually agree to this fact to some

extent. 25% of the respondents answered option (a) Strongly agree. 55% answered (b)

Agree. 20% Moderately agreed with this fact.

[4]The projection that the gas reserves of Bangladesh would be depleted by

about 3.745 TCF by year 2010, Professor Quader was of the opinion that the reserve

should be continuously augmented, at least by the same amount. As regards this, he

highlighted the distinct advantages of the IOCs in conducting the exploration programs

and thought that the IOCs could play a vital role in gas exploration in Bangladesh. He

insisted thatPetrobangla through its subsidiary company BAPEX is more suited to

drilling of development / appraisal wells in the discovered fields where risk was minimal,

and should have a program which would include exploration (independently and in

Responses

a b c d e5 11 4 0 0

Do you agree that natural gas

resources are at the brink ofexhaustion & we are not at all aware of

the fact?

0

5

10

15

Strongly

a ree

Agree Moderately

a ree

Disagree Highly

disa ree

Do you agree that natural gas

resources are at the brink of

exhaustion & we are not at

all aware of the fact?


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conjunction with IOCs), appraisal of producing wells and fields, routine workover of the

producing wells, rationalization of the abandoned pressure of the wells, and reservoir

management and carry out demand analysis in order to augment the gas reserves of

Bangladesh. ( REF )

So, the depletion of gas reserve is actually true but if we can take proper measures we

still revitalize this diminishing resource.]]

4. What is the main usage of natural gas in Bangladesh?

a. Agriculture and industrial uses

b. Used only for household purposes

c. Transportation

50% of the respondents believe that agriculture & industries are heavily depended on

natural gas. 30% feels it has important uses in household purpose, while the rest 20% feel

that transportation sector has the main usage of natural gas.

5. What are the alternatives to natural gas?

Responses

a. b. c.

10 6 4


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a. Fossil fuels

b. Solar energy

c. I dont knowd. Wind energy

e. Other energy sources

f. No alternatives

56% of the respondents answered option (b) Solar energy. 20% proposed other energy

sources whereas 12% answered fossil fuels and the rest 8% answered wind energy.

[5] SOLAR ENERGY

Responses

a. b. c. d. e. f.

3 1

4

1 2 5 0


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Solar Energy is inexhaustible and pollution free. It is available everywhere; but the

greatest amount is available between two broad bands encircling the earth between 15

and 35 latitude north and south.

Fortunately, Bangladesh is situated between 2043 north and 2638 north latitude and

as such Bangladesh is in a very favorable position in respect of the utilization of solar

energy. Annual amount of radiation varies from 1840 to 1575 kwh/m 2 which is 50-100%

higher than in Europe. Taking an average solar radiation of 1900 kwh per square meter,

total annual solar radiation in Bangladesh isequivalent to 1010 X 1018 J. present total

yearly consumption of energy is about 700 X 1018 J. this shows even if 0.07% of the

incident radiation can be utilized, total requirement of energy in the country

can be met. At present energy utilization in Bangladesh is about 0.15 watt/sq. meter land

area, whereas the availability is above 208 watt/sq. meter. This shows the enormity of the

potentiality of this source in this country (Eusuf, 1997).

A good number of organizations and departments are doing research, development,

demonstration, diffusion and commercialization of solar energy technology. Diffusion

aspects of the solar energy technologies are using mostly in Bangladesh specially solar

Photovoltaic (PV) systems, solar cooker, solar oven, solar water heater and solar dryer.

( REF)]]

6. Do you think foreign companies are benefiting from the fact that we are unable to

extract gas on our own?

a. Yes to a certain extent


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b. They are taking advantage of our inability to extract gas on our own

c. Not really

d. I dont know

Do you think foreign companies are benefiting

from the fact that we are unable to extract gas

on our own?

05

1015

Yes, to a

certain extent

They are

taking

advantage of

our inabili ty

to extract gas

Not really I don't know Do you think foreign companiesare benefiting from the fact thatwe are unable to extract gas onour own?

From the above chart it is seen that 60% of the respondents believe that foreign

companies are benefiting from our inability to extract gas up to a certain extent. 35%

believe that they are taking advantage since we are unable to extract gas on our own.

Only 5% feels that the foreign companies are not actually benefiting from our inability.

7. Do you agree that we are concerned about more sustainable use of natural gas?

a. Highly agree

b. Agree

c. Moderately agree

Responses

a b c d

12 7 1 0


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d. Disagree

e. Highly disagree

The above graph shows a mixed response from the correspondents. 30% of the

respondents highly disagree that we are concerned about sustainable use of natural gas.

Another 20% of the respondents also disagree to the fact. The rest 50% of the

correspondents agree or moderately agree that we are utilizing natural gas in a sustainable

manner.

8. Do you feel that gas shortage would have impact on economic development andgovernments efforts for achieving dreams of development?

a. Yes, severe impact

b. Yes, moderate impactc. No impact

d. Maybe

Responses

a b c d e

2 4 4 4 6


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From the graph we can see that people are highly aware of the fact that gas shortage will

have severe impact on economic development. There is a peak which represents that

about 90% of the respondents are aware of this fact. The rest 20% of the respondents

have a mixed feeling about this fact though none believes that there would be no impact

at all.

9. Are we overusing natural gas?

a. Doesnt matter because we have enough reserve

b. Yes we are

c. No we are notd. We have no choice

Responses

a b c d

18 1 0 1

Do you feel that gas shortage would have

impact on economic development and

governments efforts for achieving dreams

of development?

01020

Yes, severe

impact

Yes,

moderate

No impact Maybe

Do you feel that gas

shortage would have impaon economic developmenand governments efforts fachieving dreams of


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Majority (75%) of the respondents thinks that we are using our natural gas beyond the

optimal limit. However the remaining 10% displayed a contrasting view to this statement

and the other 15% thinks that as we are using the gas beyond the optimal only because

we have no other way out.

Responses

a b c d

0 15 2 3

Are we overusing natural ga

05

101520

Doesn't

matter

because we

have enough

Yes we are No we are

not

We have no

choice

Are we overusing nat


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10. Are their any alternatives to Natural Gas for Bangladesh?

a. Yesb. No

c. Maybe

Are their any alternatives to Natural

Gas for Bangladesh?

0

5

10

15

Yes No Maybe

Are their any alternatives toNatural Gas forBangladesh?

55% of the surveyed people feel that we have alternative to natural gas. The second peak

is at 7, where the respondents feel that there maybe other alternative then natural gas

whereas the rest 10% believe that there are no alternatives to natural gas.

Responses

a. b. c.

11 2 7


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11. Do you think that if the gas price is raised, the

industries would make an effort to be more energyefficient and productive?

a. Yes

b. Noc. Maybe

According to the survey it was found that, 45% of the respondent think that one of the

possible way to reduce the consumption of gas to save it from extinction is to raise its

price, because by doing this we can force the industrialist to use the gas more efficiently

or to go for any other substitute source for their energy. While, on the other extreme 15%

of the respondents so not agreed to this policy and the remaining 40% remained neutral to

the statement.

Responses

a. b. c.

9 3 8

Do you think that if the gas pric

raised, the industries would m

an effort to be more energy effic

0

5

10

Yes No Maybe

Do you think that if t

price is raised, the

industries would ma

effort to be more en


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12. Do you agree that we should invest highly on the research & development for

alternatives to natural gas?

a. Highly agree

b. Agree

c. Moderately agree

d. Disagreee. Highly disagree

Surprisingly all of the respondents agreed the fact that to get rid of the threat of natural

gas extinction, it is the high time to start investing on R&D for finding an alternative to

natural gas. Among them 55% highly agreed, 30% agreed and the remaining 15%

moderately agreed to this statement.

Responses

a b c d e

11 6 3 0 0


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13. If natural gas runs out, what areas/industries would be affected?

a. Almost all industries will be affected

b. We have other resources so doesntreally matter

c. There is no use of natural gas in any

area/industry

According to the survey it is quite clear that people are aware of the fact that if natural

gas runs out then almost all industries will be affected. 90% of the surveyed people feel

that the exhaustion of natural gas will eventually affect all the industries. That means they

believe that our industries are heavily depended on natural gas support. 10% believe that

we have lot other resources that we can rely on other than natural gas. The rest 10% feels

that we have no use of natural gas in any area.

Responses

a. b. c.

18 1 1

If natural gas runs out, what

areas/industries would be affecte

051015

20

Almost all

industries will be

affected

We have other

resources, so

doesn't really

There is no use of

natural gas in any

area/industry

If natural gas runs out,

areas/industries would

affected?


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Summary of research findings

As the survey data was analyzed question by question, the rough idea slowly began

to become more vivid. The overall deduction of the entire survey was that the general

publics are aware with the fact that natural gas is at the brink of exhaustion. It was also

found that most private universities, even the ones considered as top ones, showed some

signs of negligence towards innovation and improvement of the facilities.

Along with the secondary data, the results from the primary survey confirm that

private universities are actually directed towards profit generation recently. They might

have had a good start in the beginning but over time, the owners have become directed to

enroll more student and increase tuition fees without innovation in the academic

standards.

Responses to questions three, five, seven, eight and nine agrees to the idea that most

student are becoming aware of the fact that their universities are shifting more towards

making more money. The responses to questions ten, thirteen and fourteen have been

most vital in proving the hypothesis of this research. Question fourteen was totally an

opinion based question and the feedback had been wonderful since most students gave a

clear idea of how far they actually agree that private universities are in fact growing

rapidly, without any proper academic standard.


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While few old and well renowned universities maintain a steady standard, most

students were clear enough in the survey to point out that there are a number of

universities that outrun these universities by setting their goal towards profit making.

Thus, with reference to the primary survey and the secondary data(see appendix), the

hypothesis was validated throughout the paper and proved right.


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Recommendations / suggestions


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References

How Far Ban Glades Hi People Are Aware That Natural Gas is Running Out Final Pc

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