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Transcript of HOW ELECTRONIC JOURNALS ARE CHANGING ENGINEERS’ INFORMATION SEEKING & READING PATTERNS Donald W....
HOW ELECTRONIC JOURNALS ARE CHANGING ENGINEERS’
INFORMATION SEEKING & READING PATTERNS
Donald W. King
University of Pittsburgh
School of Information Sciences
Carol Tenopir
University of Tennessee
School of Information Sciences
American Society for Engineering Education
Conference
Salt Lake City, Utah
June 21, 2004
Background
• Over 50 readership surveys (1974-2003)– About 25,000 survey responses (some include
authorship)
– NSF (2 national surveys - 1977, 1984)
– Journals (e.g., Science)
– Societies (e.g., American Astronomical Society)
– Universities (e.g., Drexel, Tennessee, Pittsburgh)
– Elsewhere (e.g., NIH, Bell Labs, ORNL)
(cont’d)
Background (cont’d)
• Library cost and use studies (26 special, 30 academic libraries)
• Publishing– Cost model (1977, 1995)– Financial aspects– Tracked science journal characteristics (1960-2002)
• Consortia– Census (1986)– Analysis (2002)
• Copyright (1978, 1983, 1985, 1989)
Engineers’ Information Seeking & Reading Patterns
• How much do they read?
• Where readers obtain articles that are read?
• What format do readers use?
• How do readers learn about articles?
• Trends are revealing
Amount of Journal Reading
• Varies by profession– Medical professionals: 246 readings per year– Engineers: 106 readings per year
• Varies by where readers work– University engineers: 186 readings per year– Non-university engineers : 98 readings per year
• About 75% of articles authored by university engineers
• About 75% of all readings are by non–university engineers
How Do Engineers Learn About Articles?
Reading per Person
% No.
Browse 47 50
Online Search 11 12
Citations in publications 16 17
Someone told reader 27 27
101 106
Where Do Engineers Obtain Articles?
Reading per Person
% No.
Personal subscriptions 32 34
Library collections 50 53
From another person 11 11
Author Websites 1 1
Free Web journal 6 6
Preprint 1 1
101 106
Age is Important
Source: ORNL (2001), University of Tennessee (2000), Drexel University (2002), University of Pittsburgh (2003)
Source of Article 1,2 Years 3-5 Years Over 5 Years
Library 40.0 42.9 73.3
Personal 37.1 21.4 9.2
Separate 22.9 35.7 17.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Format by Source
• Personal Subscriptions– 93% of subscriptions in print– 90% of reading in print
• Library Collections– 80% of reading electronic– Saves readers about 20 hours per year
Trends in Engineers’ Reading Patterns
• They appear to be reading more
• They rely on libraries more
• Reasons for increased library use
Fig 2 - Average No. of Articles Read per Scientist
Year and Study
150172
188216
0
50
100
150
200
250
1977 1984 1993 2000 - 03(National Survey, n=2,350)
(National Survey, n=865)
(U of TN, n=89) (TN, Drexel & Pittsburgh, n=300)
Fig 3 - Source of Additional Readings
3752
92101
113 120
96
115
020406080
100120140
1977 1984 1993 2000 - 03
Library Collection Other Sources
Sci
entis
t R
eadi
ng p
er Y
ear
Engineer Trends in Journal Use
1977 Current Change
Reading 80 106 +26
Reading from Libraries 5 53 +48
Reading from Personal Subscriptions 66 34 -32
Reading from Online Searching __ 12 +12
Reading Cited Articles 13 17 +4
Electronic Collection Contribution
• Personal Subscriptions - 90% print• Library collections -
– 80% electronic– Broadens journal availability– Saves readers about 20 hours per year
• Breadth of reading has increased– Read from about 13 journals in 1977– Over twice that amount now
• Age of article is a factor
Breadth of Reading Increased
• Drexel as an example
• Reading– Read from about 13 journals in 1977– Over twice that amount now
Factors Affecting Decisions
• Purpose of use• Cost in reader time• Ease of use• Importance of and satisfaction with journal/service
attributes• Awareness of journals/services and their attributes• Availability of alternative sources of information
Library Contribution to Usefulness and Value
• Purpose of use
• Importance in achieving principal purposes
• Ways article affected the principal purpose
• How much do readers “pay” for the article?
• Achievers read more from library collections
• Readers are more productive than non-readers
• Helps achieve parent organization goals
ReferencesKing, D.W., C. Tenopir. “Towards Electronic Journals: Realities for Scientists, Librarians, and Publishers”. Washington, D.C.:
Special Libraries Association, 2000.
King, D.W., C. Tenopir. Communication by Engineers. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley & Sons, 2004.
King, D.W. “Some Thoughts on Academic Library Collections” Guest Editorial. Journal of Academic Librarianship. Due out July
2004.
King, D.W., Aerni, S., Brody, F., Herbison, M., Knapp, A. “The Use and Outcomes of University Library Print and Electronic
Collections”. April 2004. http://purl.oclc.org/sfipitt/pub20040405b
Tenopir, C., King, D.W., Boyce, P. Grayson, M., Zhang, Y., Ebuen, M. “Patterns of Journal Use by Scientists through Three
Evolutionary Phases”. D-Lib Magazine. May 2003. Vol. 9. No. 5
King, D.W., C. Tenopir. “Patterns of Journal Use by Faculty at Three Diverse Universities”. D-Lib Magazine. Oct. 2003. Vol. 9. No.
10
King, D.W. and C.H. Montgomery. “After Migration to an Electronic Journal Collection”. D-Lib Magazine. Dec. 2002. Vol. 8. No.
12