How does information get out of Long-term memory (LTM)?

Factors influencing retrieval from LTM

– Proactive and retroactive interference

– Methods of testing

– Retrieval cues• Who generates the cues for recall?

• Specificity of encoding and of processing

• State-dependent memory

Some practical memory strategies

Attention Encoding

SensoryMemory

WorkingMemory

SensoryInput

.5” - 3”duration

MaintenanceRehearsal

10” - 15”duration

LTM

Indefiniteduration

Retrieval

Three-Stores Model of Memory

LTM

Indefiniteduration

Retrieval

LearnMaterial

Test forRecall ofMaterial

LearnMaterial

Test forRecall ofMaterial

Retroactive Interference?

Proactive Interference?

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Demonstrating retroactive interference

Hours from time of learning

The Stroop Effect

Instruction: Identify only the actual colours of the words (Don’t read the words themselves!)

(Gleitman, ch. 8, p. 291)

Methods of testing recall:

Value of self-generated retrieval cues

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Specificity of Encoding:

Specificity of Processing Modality

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meaning sound

Type of cue provided during retrieval

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State-dependent memory

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placebo marijuanaCondition during retrieval

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