How Do We Know What We Know? Neuroscience Methods.

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How Do We Know What We Know? Neuroscience Methods

Transcript of How Do We Know What We Know? Neuroscience Methods.

Page 1: How Do We Know What We Know? Neuroscience Methods.

How Do We Know What We Know?Neuroscience Methods

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bA_Ho8trHZl8XM&tbnid=uvAxb2mxJ6zEgM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fchudler%2Fson.html&ei=nk5IUqyJIYerqAGbh4HoAQ&psig=AFQjCNFg8iuTNtrsXmokG9-_CVCZX5xBMQ&ust=1380556815673661
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Tools for Viewing Brain StructureNeuroanatomy

• Cell Body Staining

• Tract (Myelin) Staining

• Tract Tracing

• Immunocytochemistry

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Tools for Viewing Brain FunctionNeurophysiology

Where can signals be recorded?

Channels Inside Outside Many

“Patch Clamp” “Intracellular” “Extracellular” “Mass Unit”

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Tools for Viewing Brain FunctionNeurophysiology

Where can signals be recorded?

1

2

3

x

x x

1 = EEG

2 = ECoG

3 = Intracranial

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Tools for Viewing Brain FunctionNeurophysiology

• Patch Clamp Recording

• Intracellular Recording

• Extracellular Recording

• Mass Unit Recording

• Evoked Potentials

• Electrocorticography (ECoG)

• Electroencephalography (EEG)

Where can signals be recorded?

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Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Emotiv Demo

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Brain Imaging

• Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan)

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

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CT scan• Also called a CAT scan• Computerized axial tomography• X-ray of brain tissue• Shows brain structure

Brain Imaging

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PET scan• Positron Emissions Tomography• Patients drinks radioactive glucose and image shows

areas of brain activity.

Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity

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MRI• Magnetic Resonance Imaging• Exposes brain to magnetic field• Shows brain structure

Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity

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fMRI • Functional MRI• Uses magnetic field• Detects blood flow changes• Not harmful• Shows brain structure and activity

Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity

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Behavioral Neuroscience

• Stereotaxic Surgery

• Lesion Production/Injury

• Electrical Brain Stimulation

• Microinjection

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Injury – Clinical Findings

Paul Broca and “Tan”

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Injury – Clinical FindingsPhineas Gage

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Brain MappingFinding out what each part of the brain does

Electrical Brain Stimulation

Also:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation


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