How Do I Create Bibliographies in LaTeX_ - Is&T Contributions - Hermes

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5/13/2014 How do I create bibliographies in LaTeX? - IS&T Contributions - Hermes http://kb.mit.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=3907111 1/3 « MIT Information Systems & Technology website Welcome back, • Log In Knowledge Base Handbook The Knowledge Base Search Create Article Home Edit View History How do I create bibliographies in LaTeX? On this page: Overview Simple method bibtex Overview There are two methods for creating a bibliography. The first can be used for short documents with only a few sources, and is fairly simple. The second method is used for large documents and theses, and involves using a program called "bibtex". Simple method If all of this seems complicated, there is a simpler way to produce a quick bibliography for your document. This can be used for smaller papers, ones that don't need a very extensive bibliography. Something like this will work fine: \begin{thebibliography}{1} \bibitem{notes} John W. Dower {\em Readings compiled for History 21.479.} 1991. \bibitem{impj} The Japan Reader {\em Imperial Japan 18001945} 1973: Random House, N.Y. \bibitem{norman} E. H. Norman {\em Japan's emergence as a modern state} 1940: International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations. \bibitem{fo} Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi {\em AntiForeignism and Western Learning in EarlyModern Japan} 1986: Harvard University Press. \end{thebibliography} You can put this at the end of your LaTeX file. If you want to refer to something from your bibliography you can put something like this in yourfile: This is obvious \cite{norman}. which would produce something like This is obvious [2]. bibtex Pretend that the file that we are using is called 'foo.tex'. To make a bibliography, we should put all our sources into a file called 'foo.bib'. The structure of foo.bib is as follows: @BOOK{<some abbreviation that you make up>, AUTHOR = "author", TITLE = "book title", PUBLISHER = {publishing company}, ADDRESS = {where published}, YEAR = year published} IS&T Contributions Documentation and information provided by IS&T staff members http://kb.mit.edu/confluence/x/J54 Short URL for sharing How do I create bibli... Last Modified: December 16, 2010 Get Help Request help from the Help Desk Report a security incident to the Security Team

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5/13/2014 How do I create bibliographies in LaTeX? - IS&T Contributions - Hermes

http://kb.mit.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=3907111 1/3

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How do I create bibliographies in LaTeX?On this page:

OverviewSimple methodbibtex

OverviewThere are two methods for creating a bibliography. The first can be used for short documents with only a few sources,and is fairly simple. The second method is used for large documents and theses, and involves using a program called"bibtex".

Simple methodIf all of this seems complicated, there is a simpler way to produce a quick bibliography for your document. This can beused for smaller papers, ones that don't need a very extensive bibliography. Something like this will work fine:

  \begin{thebibliography}{1}

  \bibitem{notes} John W. Dower {\em Readings compiled for History  21.479.}  1991.

  \bibitem{impj}  The Japan Reader {\em Imperial Japan 1800­1945} 1973:  Random House, N.Y.

  \bibitem{norman} E. H. Norman {\em Japan's emergence as a modern  state} 1940: International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific  Relations.

  \bibitem{fo} Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi {\em Anti­Foreignism and Western  Learning in Early­Modern Japan} 1986: Harvard University Press.

  \end{thebibliography}

You can put this at the end of your LaTeX file. If you want to refer to something from your bibliography you can putsomething like this in yourfile:

  This is obvious \cite{norman}.

which would produce something like

  This is obvious [2].

bibtexPretend that the file that we are using is called 'foo.tex'. To make a bibliography, we should put all our sources into afile called 'foo.bib'. The structure of foo.bib is as follows:

  @BOOK{<some abbreviation that you make up>,      AUTHOR = "author",      TITLE = "book title",      PUBLISHER = {publishing company},      ADDRESS = {where published},      YEAR = year published}

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For our sample document, we will use the following:

  @BOOK{bar,      AUTHOR = "Star, R. M.",      TITLE = "Foo Bar Baz",      PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},      ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},      YEAR = 1989}

Quotation MarksBIBTeX uses REAL quotation marks (") and NOT the opening and closing quotation marks (`` and'') that LaTeX normally uses.

Now, everytime you refer to the book Foo Bar Baz in foo.tex, you refer to it in the following manner:

\cite[p. 2] {bar}

This will match the citation number with the number of the book in the list of references.

If you have a few references that you did not explicitely cite in the text of your document, but you would like to include itin the list of references, you use the following (in foo.tex):

  \nocite {baz,fuzz,bong}

where baz, fuzz, and bong are abbreviations for the other texts.

To actually create the bibliography, you need to use the following commands in foo.tex (these are usually at the end ofthe document ­ where you want the References section to appear):

  \bibliography{foo}  \bibliographystyle{plain}

There are several options for \bibliographystyle:

plain normal style ­ listed in ABC order and labeled numerically

unsrt same as plain except entries appear in order of citation

alpha same as plain except entry labels are used

abbrv same as plain except uses abbreviations for first names, month names, and journal names

Now that you have the basis for a bibliography, you have to run both latex and bibtex on the document. First, youshould run latex (to create a foo.aux file, which bibtex reads). Then run bibtex once to get some of the citations andcreate a .bbl file. Then run latex again so that the cross references between the text file and the bibliography arecorrect. You may want to repeat running bibtex and latex on the file to make sure that all cross references are correct.Be warned that adding/deleting citations and sources will require running bibtex again.

For more information on this topic, please refer the following pages in the LaTeX manual by Leslie Lamport:

  72­74    Bibliography and Citation  74­74    BibTeX  140­147  Format of the .bib File (also gives info on other entry types)  187­188  Bibliography and Citation

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