1 Computer Basics How exactly does a computer work? © Lawrence Snyder, 2004.
How Computer work
Transcript of How Computer work
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How Computer work
•Human heads.•Machine TV.•What is compute
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Human heads.
• inside many heads, there are two kinds of knowledge; the memory work kind of knowledge and the logical kind of knowledge.
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Module 1 - Basic Concepts of IT
• Hardware
• Software
• Information TechnologyPeople working with computer often refer to their job as (working in IT)
• Types Of ComputerMainframe-Personal Computer-MAC-Network Computers-Laptop
/Notebook/Palmtop-Personal Digital Assistance (PAD)
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Main Parts Of Personal Computer
• The System Unit• Mother Board• The CPU Central Processing Unit• Memory
RAM ROM (BIOS)
Responsible for coping operating system software in to ram When computer is switched on.
• Serial port• Parallel Port• Universal Serial Bus USB
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Turn on your computer
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Inside your home
• Input and OutputInput is the flow from you to the device.
Output is the flow of information to you.
• Types of memory– ROM– RAM
– R/W
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Central Processing Unit
Arithmetic Operations
Logic Operations
ALUArithmetic Logic Unit
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Arithmetic Operations
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Logic OperationsOR AND
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Memory
• RAM – Random Access Memory
• ROM – Read Only Memory
• BIOS : Basic Input Output System
• R/W memory– Drives : HDD, CD Drive, Flash Memory …etc.
Read Only MemoryBut Microsoft describes it as I/O device
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Hard drives
• Hard disk driveMagnetic recording
• Compact diskLight Reflection
• Flash memoryElectronic switches
(Transistors)
• Disk Format
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Video Memory Chip
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The International System of Units
BIT Binary Information Technology
Byte Binary Yoked Transfer Element
Kilobyte 1000 byte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte……??
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Computer Performance
• CPU clock speed• RAM size• The number of application running• Free Hard Disk space• De-Fragmenting
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Computer Devices I/P devices ,O/P devices & I/O devices
• The mouse • The keyboard• CD Drive• DVD Drive• Floppy Disk• Hard Disk• The Monitor• Sound Card• Speaker • Modems• Printers• Scanners
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Keyboard Typewriter
The invention of the modern computer keyboard began with the invention of
the typewriter
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scanner
•Scan picture •Scan text
OCR Optical Character Recognition
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Monitor
Screen sizeGraphics for games
Projection
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Audio taps
• Each one of the songs represents a file.• Each song file has a title, a length and a location. • It is a file of audio information that can be
understood and turned into music by stereo player.• we classify songs as rock, classic ,pop and so on.
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Files
• Each computer file has a title, a length and a location.
• We cannot make use of the contents of a computer file without :– A computer.– Program to understand this file.
• We classify computer files as graphics files, text files ,picture files and so on.
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Computer FilesName What's inside
. *com A program
. *exe A program
bat. * A program
txt. * Text
GIF-JPG-JPEG-PNG-BMP
Graphical information
htm. * Textual information
*.mp3 `Audio information
flv,mpg,asf,rmvb Video information
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Directories (folders)
c\ program filesC:\Documents and Settings\saw\My Documents
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Records
Database
Field (1)Field (1)Field (1)Field (1)
Data Data Data Data
Data Data Data Data
Record
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Printers
• Types– Laser printer– Color laser printer
• High quality -fast -high cost
– Inkjet printer• (Spray) High quality-quiet
– Dot matrix printer• High volume -low quality-noisy
– Plotters
• Printer memory
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Input/output devices
• Hard disk– Very fast – high capacity – cheap.
• CD– Much slower than hard disk-capacity around 650MB-
inexpensive.
• DVD– Much faster than CD – up to 17 GB-cost higher than
CD.
• External hard disk– Normal speed – high capacity-expensive.
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Operating System (OS)DOS
Win 3.1
Win 95
WIN 98
WIN 2000
WIN ME
WIN XP
WIN VISTA
WIN 7
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GUI• Advantages of GUI
– Easy to use.– Application program work in the same way.– Allow programmers to write software.
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Application program
– Word– Excel– Access– Power point– Accounts (repetitive operations) – Web browsing– Web authoring (Front page)
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System development cycle
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Network
• LAN – Local area network
• WAN– Wide area network (the hole world)
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Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
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Clint- Server
Resources in the server
Workgroup Groups Of People are work together
Sharing information & special kind of devices
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Workgroup Network
Disadvantages of work group1- sharing too many files may result slow down your computer2-Weak security system3-with full access permission you may lose your data
Advantages of work group1- No need for a network administrator2-Less chance of major distribution3-Cost saving
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Internet & Extranet
• An internet -uses internet technology for connecting individuals such as
people in organization with each other and let them search for data or sending mails.
-Main program on server and single software on each individual computer.-This computers connected together using communication equipment.-It was in US military.
• Extranet like an internet but it's allow outside people gainlimited access to information held on a companynetwork.
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The Internet
• Global network for interconnected network• Huge amount of information• Easy way for publishing materials
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World Wide Web & Internet
• The internet relates to all hardware & software involved FTP (file transfer protocol).
• World Wide Web is a part of internet, simply it’s the text and pictures you view using your web browser
Internet World Wide Web
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• PSTNPublic switched Telephone NetworkTraditional copper weir technology Transmit analog voice
• PSDNPublic switched data network
• ICDNIntegrated Service Digital NetworkMuch faster than modems
Telephone Network
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Public switched Telephone Network
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Public switched data network
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Integrated Service Digital Network
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Integrated service digital network
• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
– Much faster• Receive at speed of 0.5 to 8 MBPS
– Down stream
• Send at speed of 16 to 640 KBPS– Up stream
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
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Digital VS Analogue
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Modems
• Modulate Demodulate– Converting data at the end which can used by the
reviving computer.
• Bound Rate– How fast a modem can send data
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IT In Our Life• Repetitive tasks• Easily automated tasks• Mathematical calculations• Dangerous situations• Doctor ,Money, creation• Recognize elements
– Computer just have photographic image
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Uses of Computer
• Government• Business • Tele working
– People are connected to the rest of organizations via network.
• Education– Internet as knowledge resource– Distance learning
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Electronic World
• E-Mail (Electronic Mail )
– Allows people to send data (text, pictures,…etc).
– Its required both computers connected to the internet.
• E-Commerce – Buying or selling via the internet.
• E-Banking– Manage your money online instead of having to go to local bank
branch.
– You can pay your pills ,move your money from one place to another.
Moony 2099
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Health & Safety• Chair• Screen • Keyboard
Security
• Information secularity.• Password.
Things computer like
• Good ventilation.• Clean environment.• Stable, vibration free surface.
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Translation