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International Islamic University – Malaysia

How Can ICT serve Islam

Professor Mohammed Zeki Khedher

Jordan University

khedher@ju.edu.jo

26 June 20047 Jumadi al-uwla 1425H

Basmala in different Calligraphy

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Contents

�Historic Background� Internet Islamic Sites� ICT and Quran� Sites of Quran� ICT and Sunnah� Sites of Hadith� Sites of Fiqh� Sites for Fatwah� Islamic Ethics and ICT� Conclusion

Results of search by Google search engine

� On 1/5/2004– Quran 999000 Kuran 199000 102000 =>;ن 419000ا?<>;ن– Total = 1719000

� On 10/6/2004– Quran 987000 Kuran 223000 D 126000>;ن 422000ا?<>;ن– Total = 1758000

Increase by 2% in 50 days approximately 15% a year

� Sunna 147000 Sunnah 262000

� Bible 24100000 about 20 times the Quran

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Internet Islamic Sites� General Islamic sites

– General knowledge sites– Da’wah sites– Islamic Information sites– Islamic educational sites

� Specialized Islamic Sites– Sites of Quran– Sites of Hadeeth– Sites of Fiqh

� General informative sites– Sites of Muslim governments– Sites of Muslim organizations– Muslim commercial sites

� Languages– One language– Multi-lingual

� Sites by non-Islamic Sources

Quran & ICT

� Sites of Quran� Quran Text – Othmani Font - search� Books of Tafsir� Science of Quran� Audio Library� Qiraat� Teaching of Recitation and Memorization� Broadcasting stations� Books and Periodicals about Quran� Subjects of Quran� Quranic societies� Scientific Miracles of Quran� Non Arabic Sites and Translation

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Quran Text

� Division to chapters (suras) and verses (Ayas)� Special notations for stopping during recitation� Additional characters to the Arabic alphabets

– sord like alif– connecting hamza

� Strict Tashkeel– Additional shaddah after tanween– Inside lam-alif– Change in case of successive sukoons

� Different writing style from normal way– Combining two or three words– Dividing one word in two parts

� Different shape for same characters or words– Short Ta’ and long Ta’ ـQ ت– Sometimes adding alif to the end waw– Combination of two successive words differently

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Tafsir of Quran

� Books of Tafsir� Specialized sites� Tens of books� Proper service of text

– Plain Text; search problems– Multi-reference– Problems of coordination– No cross referencing

� Classification of Tafsir– Classification according to Mathhab; sunni, shi’a,

sofi, mu’tazila..– Classification according to linguistic, Fiqh,

scientific, ..

Science of Quran

– Reasons behind revelation

– Nasikh and Mansookh

– Statistics of Quran

– Word by word meaning

– Grammar of Quran

– Subjects of Quran

– Merits of Quran

– Rules deducted from Quran

– Linkshttp://www.altafsir.com/

http://www.4quran.net/vb/

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Qiraat

�Little has been done

�Need for database– Need for rules implication

– Need for different fonts and writing styles

– Need for Speech companion

�Linkshttp://www.quranway.net/

Audio Library� Recoding of different recitations andstyles

� No Speech analysis and synthesis

� Purposes of recording

� Recording of tafsir and speeches

� Linkshttp://www.quranvoice.com/

http://quran.al-islam.com

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Teaching of Recitation and Memorization

�Audio Visual aid

�Self recording

�Self training

�Links– http://www.qquran.com/

– www.islamophile.org/spip/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=170

– http://www.khayma.com/islamissolution/iis/zelal/

– http://www.qassimy.com/qoraankaream.htm

– http://www.reciter.org/recitera.php

Quranic societies, Books and Periodicals about Quran

� Online subscription� Electronic publications� Browsing� Links

– http://www.kotob.ws/– http://www.quran-sunah.com/– http://www.qss.org/aboutus.html– http://www.qur.8m.com/– http://hoffaz.net– http://www.daralquran.net/– http://gesah.net/quran/– http://www.al-mishkat/quran– http://www.al-mishkat/mujam– http://www.al-mishkat/rasool

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Topics of Quran

�Hyperlinks� Classification of subjects� Deficiency of keyword guided topics� Special oriented classification

– Grammar oriented– Scientific oriented– Fiqh oriented– Hadith oriented

� Links– http://www.alnoor-world.com/quran/

Scientific Miracles of Quran

– Increasing interest

– Relation between modern science and Quran

– Graphical, pictorial and diagrammatic wayof explainations

– Cross reference to modern science sites

– Links• http://abuhaibeh4.tripod.com/home/arabic/ijaz_ko

ran.htm

• http://www.islampedia.com/

• http://www.aleijaz.net/

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Non Arabic Sites about Quran and Meaning of Quran

� Inaccuracy� Errors in translation� Contradictions in translation� Limited Bilingual or multilingual sites

Arabic Albanian English French Italian Spanish UrduChinese Indonesian Azerbaijani Bosinian Japanese KoreanGerman Dutch Portuguese Finish Hausa Malayalam FarsiPishto Maranao Tamil Thai Russian Swahili Turkish

Links:– http://www.hamoislam.com/quraan.htm– http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/quran/– http://www.islamicity.com/multimedia/radio/ch100/

Available information is only small percentage of Arabic resources

Meaning of Quran in English: An Example

� mdD _[ واذآ>وا hi>kة ءاbde[آ` _[ \]وا nhop? نi>hqe )ة<>r?63/ا (� YUSUFALI: Hold firmly to what We have given you and bring

(ever) to remembrance what is therein: Perchance ye may fearAllah.

� PICKTHAL: Hold fast that which We have given you, andremember that which is therein, that ye may ward off (evil).

� SHAKIR: We have given you with firmness and bear in mindwhat is in it, so that you may guard (against evil)

� KASSAB: Take what we have given you with strong(determination) and recall what is ( contained) therein, that youmay fen off ( Allah wrath)

� te[\uD Qvwh<?ا اixryuD zD d��]w~ داره )37/ا?irnbpت(� Then the mighty Blast seized them, and they lay prostrate in

their homes by the morning. )91/ اDEFاف( � But the earthquake took them unawares, and they lay prostrate

in their homes before the morning! ) 78 /اDEFاف( � So the earthquake took them unawares, and they lay prostrate in

their homes in the morning!

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����ة �����ت ر�� ا�� ��ت ا������� r o o t 2 v e r b r o o t r n u m w o r d n o _ s h _ e n d n o _ b e g n o _ s h a d a o t h n

# # # 0 # # # # # 7

@ @ @ 0 @ @ @ @ @ 7

ــم ســـمى 3 ســـمى اس 8 ــم ــم بس ــم بس ــم اس بس �� �� �� 03

ــه اهللا ــه الل 5 ءل 0 ــه ــه الل ــه الل ــه الل � الل � 04

7 رحــم رحمـــن رحــم ــرحمن 7 ــرحمن الــ ــن الــ مـحن رمحــر ـ � اـل����� ���� 05

ــم رحــم 7 رحــم رحيـ ــرحيم 7 ــرحيم اـل ــم اـل ــرحيم رحيـ �� الـ ��� ���� 06

@ @ @ 0 @ @ @ @ @ 77

ــد ــد حم مــد ح 1 حم 6 ـــدمـــد الحمــد الح مح ـــدمالح �� �☺ � ��� 08

ــه اهللا ــه الل 5 ءل 0 ــه للـه للـه 09 للـه الل

1 ربـــب رب ربـــب 1 1 بر بر بر بر !"# �$ 01 0

ــالم ــالم ع ــم ع 1 عل 6 1 ينــالم ـ ينالعـــالم ـ ين العـــــالمع ينــالم &% العــ '�☺ ()�*���01 1

@ @ @ 0 @ @ @ @ @ 71 2

7 رحــم رحمـــن رحــم ــرحمن 7 ــرحمن الــ ــن الــ مـحن رمحــر ـ � اـل����� ���� 01 3

ــم رحــم 7 رحــم رحيـ ــرحيم 7 ــر اـل ــمال ــم حي ــرحيم رحيـ �� الـ ��� ���� 01 4

@ @ @ 0 @ @ @ @ @ 71 5

ــك ــك مالـــك مل 5 مل 9 الـــكالـــك مــك م ــك مالـ +! مالـ �)�,- 01 6

ــوم ــوم ي ــوم ي 3 ي ــوم 8 م يــو م يــو م يــو 01 0,�/.� ي 7

ــن ــن دي ــن دي 2 دي ــن الــدين الــدين 9 ـدين دي & اـل 1�2� 01 8

@ @ @ 0 @ @ @ @ @ 71 9

The Mu’jam of Similar clauses

in Quran

www.al-mishkat.com/mujam

An Overall look at terms and clauses in Quran

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Sample from the Mu’jam

أو� 7/اDPQIاء 99/اDNOاء 48/اJKLI 41/اHEDI :�>وا ? 15/`_^[ 71/\] 27/اHYZIة 37/اDIوم 67/ 19/اSTULPIت)#12( 19/اd^eI 33/اabcFف

أو� :وا�رض ا?�h�[وات \o� ا?h]ي ا?mho أنh �>وا ?)#2( 33/اabcFف 99/اDNOاء

أو� �d>وا ?� zD وا ا�رض<�bdD �dآ[ن آ Qr=]� ~�[h?ا: )Dga`/44 D`ah/21 )3# 9/اDIوم

أو� �d>وا ?� zD وا ا�رض<�bdD �dآ[ن آ Qr=]� ~�[h?ا ~_ tor= اi�]آ h��أ tb_ ةhi=: ومDI1( 9/ا#(

أو� �d>وا ?� zD وا ا�رض<�bdD �dآ[ن آ Qr=]� ~�[h?ا ~_ tor= اi�]وآ h��أ tb_ ةhi=: Dga`/44 )1#(

���ذج 0/ ا��.(� �-�,�+ ه(�)'

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Mujam:

� 44439 Different Term� 78306 reference to locations in Quran� Longest two locations:� Al-Muminoon 5-9 and Al-Ma’arij 29-33� Sequence of sorting of information from the data base� Length of quotation (No. of words)� Roots of the words contained in the quotation� Verbs of the word contained in the quotation� Words contained in the quotation� Words without prefixes and suffixes contained in the

quotation� Words without sheddah and Tashkeel contained in the

quotation� Original words contained in the quotation

Books of Hadith

�Bukhari and Muslim

�Tirmith, Abu Dawood, Ibn Majah,Nassai’ Muwatta’ Malik and MusnadAhmed

�Other book

�Search for Hadithhttp://www.sultan.org/h/

�Translations

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Non Arabic Sites and Hadeeth translation

�Bukhari

�Muslim

�Riyadh al-salihin

�Mishqat al-masabih

Sites of Hadith

�General Sites for Hadith

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Takhreej of Hadith Sites

– http://www.islammemo.cc/had/

– http://arabic.islamicweb.com/Books/albani.asp

– http://www.ihsanetwork.org/hadith.asp?userlang=a

Scientific I’jaz of Sunnah

http://www.amaneena.com/meracle.htm

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Search about Hadith text

– http://www.sultan.org/h/

– http://www.elazhar.com/Al-Sonna/

– http://www.muhaddith.org/hadith.html

– http://www.dorar.net/htmls/mhadith.asp

Browsing of Books of Hadith– http://www.elazhar.com/index.html

– http://www.tihamah.net/hadith.php?get=1&Doc=0&n=0

– http://mirror.al-eman.com/Islamlib/default.asp?CategoryID=3

– http://www.al-eman.com/hadeeth/

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Downloading of books of Hadith

http://www.muhaddith.org/hadith.html

Hadith in Different Languages

– http://www.elazhar.com/index.html– http://hadith.al-islam.com/– http://www.ihsanetwork.org/ihsan-home1.asp– http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/sunnah/– http://www.todayislam.com/hadith.asp– http://63.175.194.25/index.php?ln=eng&ds=qa&lv=browse&CR=244&dgn=4– http://www.ahya.org/amm/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=

103– http://www.alharamain.org/EN/Contents.aspx?AID=71– http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/adheringtosunnah.ht

ml– http://www.sahihalbukhari.com/sps/sbk/– http://www.sahihmuslim.com/sps/smm/– http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/searchhadith.html– http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/riyad/default.htm– http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/scienceofhadith/atit.ht

ml– http://www.alharamain.org/EN/Contents.aspx?AID=121– http://www.hadithonline.com/

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Fiqh� Arabic Sites

– http://feqh.al-islam.com/– http://www.fiqhia.com/– http://www.alfeqh.com/women/– http://www.elazhar.com/Feqh/Default.asp– http://www.muhaddith.org/a_fiqh.htmllb`#– http://al-eman.com/Islamlib/default.asp?CategoryID=7– http://www.awkaf.net/mousoaa-index.html– http://www.fiqhsyasi.com/– http://www.saaid.net/rasael/r39.htm– http://www.khayma.com/akhtaa/tahara.html– http://mehaya.jeeran.com/– http://www.alfeqh.com/montda/

Fiqh …continued

�Other Languages– http://www.fiqhsyasi.com/– http://63.175.194.25/– http://www.ymofmd.com/books/befpray/befpray.htm– http://www.qss.org/articles/salah/toc.html– http://english.islamway.com/prayer/BegSound.htm– http://www.qss.org/articles/jamaah.html– http://www.islamicfinder.org/index.php?sid=850661654&t=sub_pages&cat=48

– http://www.isna.net/library/fiqhqa/fiqh.asp

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Fatwa Sites

� Arabic– http://www.alfeqh.com/fatwa/index.php?myprog=e93936lklkgo

o&ifile=fatwa_main.php&mycat=jjdsjdjd47477&mypage=1&qstart=0&qend=10

– http://www.islamonline.net/fatwa/Arabic/searchfatwa.asp

– http://www.dawaweb.info/phpbb/index.php

– http://www.islamic-fatwa.net/

– http://www.ibn-jebreen.com/fatawa/frame_02.htm

– http://www.darfatwa.gov.lb/

– http://www.fatwanet.net/Home/Default.asp

– http://al-eman.com/Ask/

Other languages

– http://www.thepureislam.com/fatawa.htm

– http://islamtoday.net/english/fat_archives/index.cfm

– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatwa

– http://www.fatwa-online.com/

– http://www.islam-online.net/fatwa/english/searchFatwa.asp

– http://www.islamweb.net/php/php_arabic/indexe.php

– http://islamtoday.net/english/subcatfat.cfm

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Syam Arabic Sites– http://63.175.194.25/books/seyam/arabic.html– http://welcome.to/ram2000– http://www.islamweb.net/web/ramdan.archive– http://membres.lycos.fr/mohaj/sawm.html– http://www.al-islam.com/arkan/topics.asp?t=Soom– http://www.almajara.com/ramadan.html– http://ramadan.ws/– http://www.ramadan.com.eg/– http://ramadanmag.8m.com/index.htm– http://www.albr.org/ramdhan/– http://www.islamonline.net/Arabic/ramadan/ramadan_1423

/index.shtml

Syam Other languages– http://www.ummah.org.uk/ramadhan/– http://www.ramadan.co.uk/– http://www.islamicity.com/ramadan/– http://www.ezsoftech.com/ramadan/default.asp– http://islam.about.com/od/ramadan/– http://www.jannah.org/ramadan/– http://www.qss.org/articles/ramadan/toc.html– http://www.submission.org/ramadan.html– http://sultan.org/fasting.html– http://www.holidays.net/ramadan/– http://www-

lib.usc.edu/~jnawaz/ISLAM/PILLARS/FastFiqh.html– http://www.sunnah.org/ibadaat/fasting/Ramadan.html

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Hajj Arabic Sites

– http://www.tohajj.com/data/steps/hajj-steps.htm– http://www.lajna.net/0000/videos_h.htm– http://www.geocities.com/omarmaa/haj.htm– http://www.hajj.edu.sa/– http://www.hajdirectory.com– http://www.babalumra.com.sa– http://www.makkahhere.com/editor.mkh?category=8– http://amwaj.org.il/adha/alhajj.html– http://www.hajcomatmad.gov.sa/– http://www.mara.gov.om/haj/HajUmrah.html– http://www.labbaik.com/site/hajj/hajj_umrah_a.asp– http://www.braik.net/dulhijja.htm

Hajj English Sites

– http://www.ummah.net/hajj/

– http://www.islamland.org/books1/hajj.htm

– http://soundvision.com/info/hajj/

– http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Cabana/7086/hajj_stepbystep.html

– http://www.islaam.org/Hajj/hajj-22.htm

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Zakah Arabic Sites– http://zakat.al-islam.com/arb/Default.asp– http://info.zakathouse.org.kw– http://asdiqa.org/zakah.html– http://t1t.net/ali3.htm– http://www.al-eman.com/Islamlib/viewtoc.asp?BID=359– http://free.prohosting.com/~alresala/zakat2.htm– http://www.iioem.org/modules.php?name=language– http://www.zf.org.qa/Arabic/Calc/cor.asp– http://www.albir.org/html/zakagoals.php– http://www.taiba.org/entry3/fatawa/zakat1.htm– http://www.ibn-jebreen.com/books/b12/index.htm– http://www.islamweb.net/php/php_arabic/FatwaCategory.php

?lang=A&CatId=1568– http://www.zakat-sudan.org/– http://www.zakathouse.org.kw/index1.html

Zaka English sites

– http://www.thezakat.org/– http://www.iazf.org/– http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/Zakat/– http://www.zpub.com/aaa/zakat-def.html– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat– http://soundvision.com/Info/life/zakatcalc.asp– http://zakat.al-islam.com/eng/– http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadi

thsunnah/muwatta/017.mmt.html– http://www.e-zakat.com.my/k%20zakat/index.asp– http://www.islam.banktree.co.uk/zakat.php– http://www.islam101.com/dawah/zakah.htm

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Islamic Economics Arabic Sites

– http://moamlat.al-islam.com/– http://fatawa.al-islam.com/– http://www.kaau.edu.sa/CENTERS/SPC/Page-020.htm– http://islamiceconomy.4t.com/– http://www.qib.com.qa/Arabic/default.asp– http://www.albaraka.com/– http://biz4all.biz/index_ar/index.php– http://www.newsofcd.com/page.asp?page=225– http://www.islamicdawaparty.org/sdr1/sdir-1-k=l.htm– http://www.alislami.co.ae/arabic/frames/info_center_faq.htm– http://www.firstislamic.com/arabic/– http://www.adib.co.ae/Main_A/index.asp– http://www.jordanislamicbank.com/welcome_arabic.html

Islamic Economics English Sites

� English Sites– http://islamic-finance.net/– http://www.ajif.org/AJIF/index.asp– http://www.assr.org/vlibrary/banks/index.html– http://www.qib.com.qa/Islamic_sys.asp– http://216.221.181.197/info/links_business.shtml– http://www.islamist.org/– http://www.islamicity.com/Finance/stocks.htm– http://www.zawya.com/islamic/– http://www.altawfeek.com/– http://www.islamicity.com/finance/– http://www.ibfim.com/dev1/– http://www.islamic-finance.com/indexnew.htm– http://www.geocities.com/pskiiku/index.html– http://muslim-investor.com/index.php?q=node/view/27

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2018th International Unicode Conference Hong Kong, April 2001

Alphabets of languages with Bi-directional scripts and their support

Arabic Script – the Script of Islam

The Arabic script, the script of Quran, used for:

( Arabic

( Persian (Farsi)

( Urdu

( Ottoman Turkish (until 1929)

( Uighur, Kazakh,Uzbek, Tajik, Kirghiz,

( Old Malay, Swahili, Hausa, Baluchi, Kashmiri, Sindhi,

Pashto, Lahnda,Dargwa,Morrocan Arabic, Adighe,

Ingush, Berber,Kurdish, Jawi/Javanese……

Machine Translation between Languages Spoken by Muslims

� Necessity for Islamic Unity of the Ummah

� 90% of Islamic literature is in Arabic

� Muslims understand each other much easierthan others

� New publications can spread among themmuch quicker

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Educational Sites

�Limited Number of EducationalOrganizations

�Limited Educational Informations

Children Education

�Very little on the web

�Limited educational programs in themarket

�Translation oriented packages

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Conclusion

�Arabic is the main media

�Lot of data

�Some services but need much more

�Lot of research needed

�AI need to be used

END

of

Part One

26

Islamic Ethics in ICT

�Muslim should be examples to theothers

�Islam prohibit harming others andharming one himself

�Good aims to achieve should use goodmeans

Islamic Ethics .. Continued

� Ethics based on Islam

� Fundamentals are based on Quran

� Practical examples are given in life andaction of Prophet Mohammed and the Wayhis companions understood andimplemented his teachings

� Belief in God and the Day of judgement

� Personal accountability at the metaphysical

� Purity of intent to serve just causes

�Moral courage required

27

Islamic Ethics .. Continued

� Compatibility between organizationalconsensus and personal consensus due toclarity of core values

� Accepting changing of habits (‘urf) as partof legal interpretation

� Ideals of western thinkers agree withIslamic ethics in many cases

� It is a sin and illegal to hide things orcharacteristics when selling an asset

� It is a sin and illegal to sell a forbidden orharmful or asset

Islamic Ethics.. continued

�Degree of reasonable behavior isaffected by the circumstances, nature ofthe job and habits of the society

�Once the person safeguard himself to areasonable extent, breaking his privacyand security is both a sin and illegaloffence

�People of good Piety keep themselvesfar away from such actions

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Ethics related to copy right and protection of Intellectual property

� It is both a sin and illegal to take anotherperson belongings without his consent

� Spread of knowledge is regarded as aworship

�Hence protected knowledge should go tominimum and public knowledge should beextended as much as possible

� The first to apply for new type of belonginghas a privilege

Harmful Software

�Hackers , Viruses, Worms, etc..�Western Point of view� Recently considered as a crime� Intelligent viruses may spread in the future.

What would be the situation? Are some ofthem going to be legal?

� Islamic Point of View� It is a sin to cause harm or damage to others

intentionally. Also it is forbidden to forceothers to act in certain way as a revenge.

� It is only allowed to revenge from theoffender in the same way as a reaction and insimilar form to the original offence.

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Pornography

�Western point of view

� Commercial commodity

� Changing point of view with time

� What becomes familiar becomesacceptable without any reference

�Islamic point of view

� Strict prohibition

Professional Islamic Principles

�Islamic fundamentals related toproducts

�Public

�Judgment

�Client and employment

� Management

� Profession

� Colleagues

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Why there is necessity to join effortto serve ICT and ISLAM

� Common Purposes of Muslims

� Unity of Muslim Ummah

� Joining Efforts in development

� Defending Islam together

� Da’wah for Islam

� Research cooperation

� Organizational efforts

Muslims Population

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Duties on ICT Specialists towards Islam

�Learn more about Islamic teachings

�Behave in the profession as goodMuslims

�Help the Muslim scholars in servingIslam through ICT

Duties on Muslim Religious Scholars

�Educating themselves in ICT

�Use of modern technological aid in theirteaching

�Directing their research towards hottopics serving Islam

�Directing their students towardsintensive use of ICT and Internetresources

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Organizational Duties

�Supporting ICT products serving Islam

�Commitment to moral and financialsupport of research in ICT and Islam

�Support for interaction betweenresearchers in different Muslimcountries

Open Discussion

�END of Part 2

�Thank you

www.al-mishkat.com/khedher