1. Contents Preface Introduction History Invention Basic Structure Principle Of Working

2. Hovercraft Preview Advantages Disadvantages Applications Future 3. 1) Drive like a car but2) Flies like a plane.3) It can hover over or move across land or water surfaces whilebeing held off from the surfaces by a cushion of air.4) Float like a boat. 4. 4) A Hovercraft can travel over all types ofsurfaces including grass, mud, muskeg, sand,quicksand, water and ice .Hovercraft prefergentle terrain although they are capable ofclimbing slopes up to 20%, depending uponsurface characteristics. 5. #) A hovercraft, alsoknown as an air-cushionvehicle or ACV, is a craft#) Hovercraft are hybrid capable of travelling overvessels operated by a pilot land, water, mud or ice as an aircraft rather than aand other surfaces both at captain as a marine vessel. speed and whenstationary. 6. #) They operate by creating#) They typically hover at a cushion of high-pressureheights between 200mm air between the hull of theand 600mm above anyvessel and the surfacesurface and operate abovebelow. Typically this cushion 20 knots and can clear is contained within agradients up to 20 degrees. flexible "skirt". 7. #) Very large versions have been used to#) They are now used transport hundreds of throughout the world people and vehicles#) The first practicalas specialized across the English design for hovercrafttransports in disaster Channel whilst others derived from a British relief, coastguard, have militaryinvention in the 1950s military and surveyapplications used to to 1960s. applications as well astransport tanks, for sport or passengersoldiers and largeservice.equipment in hostile environments andterrain. 8. 1) The first design by Swedish designer Emmanuel Swedenborg in 1716.Theproject was short-lived because it was never built. 2) In 1915 Austrian Dagobert Mller built the worlds first "water effect" vehicle. 3) In 1931 Finnish aero engineer Toivo J. Kaario began designing a developed version of a vessel using an air cushion and built a prototype. 4) During World War II an engineer in the United States of America, Charles Fletcher, invented a walled air cushion vehicle. Because the project was classified by the U.S. government, Fletcher could not file a patent. 9. INVENTION1) The idea of the modernhovercraft is most often associatedwith Sir Christopher Cockerell.2) Cockerell built several models ofhis hovercraft design in the early1950s. 10. The First Hovercraft 11. Basic Structure Of Hovercraft Parts Of Hovercrafto Propeller :-It pushes the hovercraftahead by pushing air behind.o Fan :-Primary purpose is to inflatethecushion containedwithin the skirt beneath thecraft as well as to providethrust with which to propelthe craft forward.o Skirt :-Part thatallowsthehovercraft toclearobstacles. Generallyspeaking, the higher theskirt, the larger the obstaclethat the craft will clear. 12. Detailed Construction Of HovercraftConstruction of hovercraft varies according to its Applications. 13. Radar: apparatus that detects objects through the use of microwaves. Pylon: supporting post. Dynamic propeller: two-bladed apparatus that provides motion. Fin: steering device. Rudder: apparatus that prevents drift. Lift-fan air intake: opening to allow air to enter. Main level drive gear box: compartment that contains and protects the gear mechanism. Skirt finger: part of the flexible skirt. Passenger entrance: opening on the side wall that provides access to the passenger cabin. Flexible skirt: lower flexible part. Bow door ramp: opening at the front. Control deck: cubicle from which a hovercraft is operated. 14. Principle Of Working#) To lift the craft by a cushion of air to propel itusing propellers.#) The air sucked in through a port by large liftingfans which are fitted to the primary structure of thecraft.#) They are powered by gas turbine or dieselengine. 15. #) Fan is used to inflate the skirt and rest isducted down under the craft to fill areaenclosed by the skirt.#) At the point when the pressure equalsthe weight of the craft, the craft lifts up andair is escaped around the edges of the skirt.#) So a constant feed of air is needed to liftthe craft and compensate for the losses. 16. 1) Travel over any surface.2) Shortcutting routes.3) Travel rivers up as fast as down, irrespective of the current.4) Travel in dry water-beds5) No collision with debris, logs etc.6) Access to 75% of coastal area instead of only 5% with conventional vessels 17. #) Hovercraft are very fuel efficient(CO friendly) as Hovercraft do not have to plough through the water but "fly" above the surface. Atmaximum speed fuel consumptionof a Hovercraft is approx. 70% less than of a fast patrol boat with similar payload capacity.#) No turbulence or impact in wateras no propeller churns up the water so sea life remains untouched. 18. 1) They move a lot of air and can be relativelyloud.2) Steep grades can be issue.3) Potential of skirt damage/puncture.4) Not exactly agile (eg: cornering). 19. Applications of Hovercraft Border/coastal/inland patrol, anti terrorism, drugsmuggling patrol. High speed marine sub surface & ground scanning survey& detection. Rescue work from flooded areas, mud, sand, tidal areas.Rescuers can reach floods, mud, sand & ice victimswithout exposing rescuers to life threatening danger. Distribution of famine or flood aid support craft. Reliefwork (United Nations). Civil emergency & infrastructure support Oil industry survey, exploration & pipeline patrol. Electrical Power-line patrol & safety. Remote mining access support vehicle. 20. River, lake & port geological surveys. Mud & riverbed sampling. Environmental projects & clean-up operations. Coastal civil engineering & bridge construction &repair/maintenance. Transport, service & safety craft for river & low tide coastalwork where 24-hour access is vital for staff safety. Fish farm & low tide access. Leisure & family fun. Rental Operations, Corporateentertainment. Education, schools. Summer fetes & shows. Access to Riverside, lakeside & island properties. Hovercrafttravel over mud, sand & ice. Hovercraft are not restricted bytide, or fast running water. Or shallow water, or submergedrocks, coral, or marine life. Filming & TV work. Store sales & advertising (Harrods). 21. The future of hovercraftseems uncertain, but there isa good chance there will behuge hover ports all over theworld, like the one in thepicture. Thinner hovercraftmight be built so civilianscan drive safely on roads.. 22. Hovercrafts have been a must have for coast guardveterans, disaster relief agencies, and personnel,.Publicly and commercially, rescue services to those inneed. personal fishing excursions, accommodate previously hard to reach locations,providing transportation, goods and delivery servicesmore effectively than before, while law enforcement,military, and government patrol and rescue outfits canfind their mark quickly and effortlessly, no matter theterrains composition. With unique ingenuity comes exceptional design, styleand reliability. Hovercrafts are safe, exciting to useand drive, and are easier to own than ever!