16-11-15

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Household Energy Efficiency

Jeff Goodman Sustainable North Grenville 2016-11-14

jeffery.r.goodman@gmail.com

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Overview

•  What is energy? Sources?

•  Energy efficiency vs. Energy cost

•  Various case studies

•  Summary & links

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

What is energy?

•  Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources,

especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

•  Measured in various units depending on the source: o  Watt-hours (Wh) or kilowatt-hours (kWh) – electricty

o  British Thermal Units (BTU) – liquid fuels

o  Joules (J)

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Sources of energy

Source Energy & Unit kWh Electricity kWh -- Gasoline 124,000 BTU/gal 9.60 kWh/L Diesel 139,000 BTU/gal 10.76 kWh/L Propane 91,330 BTU/gal 7.07 kWh/L Natural Gas ~1,050 BTU/cubic foot 0.01 kWh/L Heating Oil 139,000 BTU/gal 10.76 kWh/L Solar Sunlight at earth’s surface over 1 m2 is ~1,000W Wind Power is equal to one-half, times the air density,

times the rotor area, times the cube of the wind speed. (11.85 m/s à 1 kW per m2)

Hydro Power is equal to the product of the density, water flow, acceleration due to gravity, and falling height.

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

16-11-15

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Costs of energy (delivered, tax included)

Source Costs (delivered, tax incl.)

¢/kWh

Electricity kWh Time-of-Use or Tiered Gasoline $1.05 / L 10.9 Diesel $0.98 / L 9.1 Propane $0.846 / L 12.0 Natural Gas $0.293 $ / m3 3.0 Heating Oil $1.02 / L 9.4

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Costs of electricity – just the electricity

¢/kWh (delivered,

taxed)

Rural Low Density

Medium Density

Urban High Density

Off peak 8.7 8.7 8.7 Mid peak 13.2 13.2 13.2 On peak 18.0 18.0 18.0 Time Weighted 14.0 14.0 14.0

Tiered (low) 10.3 10.3 10.3 Tiered (high) 12.1 12.1 12.1

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

16-11-15

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Costs of DELIVERED electricity – from HydroOne

¢/kWh (delivered,

taxed)

Rural Low Density

Medium Density

Urban High Density

Off peak 16.79 15.34 13.77 Mid peak 21.88 20.42 18.85 On peak 27.30 25.85 24.27 Time Weighted 19.58 18.12 16.55

Tiered (low) 18.60 17.15 15.57 Tiered (high) 20.63 19.18 17.61

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Natural Gas Diesel Heating Oil Gasoline Propane Electricity - Low Electricity - High

cent

s pe

r kW

h

Energy Cost Comparison

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

That’s fine, but what about efficiency?

•  Let’s start by identifying the waste: o  Step 1: Phantom loads / Vampire loads

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Phantom Loads Add Up!

•  TV & Home Theatre –  Average use 4h / day –  Off for 20h / day –  Phantom draw: 44W

–  Solution: Put everything on a power bar, turn the power bar off when not using the TV

Savings ($/month) Low

density Mid

density High

density TOU 4.88 4.51 4.12 Tiered 4.68 –

5.20 4.32 – 4.83

3.92 – 4.44

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

16-11-15

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Phantom Loads – Potential savings

•  How to find them: –  Energy meter –  “Wall wart” –  Remote controls –  Heat –  Lights / time

•  What other phantom loads have you found / addressed?

•  What to do? –  Timers –  Switches –  Power bars –  Unplug –  Other?

•  Estimated monthly savings for me $12 to $20/month

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Step 2: Unneeded appliances

•  You were given an old fridge & decided to use it as a beer fridge

•  A fridge from the 80’s / 90’s can use up to 1400 kWh / year!

Savings by getting a new fridge @ 350kWh/year

Low density

Mid density

High density

TOU 17.13 15.86 14.48

Tiered 16.27 – 18.05

15.00 – 16.78

13.63 – 15.41

Savings by getting a rid of it! Low

density Mid

density High

density TOU 22.84 21.14 19.31

Tiered 21.70 – 24.07

20.00 – 22.38

18.17 – 20.54

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

16-11-15

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

The Energuide information in terms of $ Every 100 kWh / year Adds ($/month)

Low density

Mid density

High density

TOU 1.63 1.51 1.38 Tiered 1.55 –

1.72 1.43 – 1.60

1.30 – 1.47

More info on Energuide: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/energuide/12523

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Step 3: Shifting Time of Use

•  I have a dehumidifier in my basement that draws 250 W

•  I put it on a timer so it only runs during off-peak

Savings $/month Low

density Mid

density High

density TOU 14.75 13.88 12.94

Tiered 11.16 – 12.38

10.29 – 11.51

9.34 – 10.56

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

16-11-15

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

What other loads can you move to off-peak?

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Step 4: Considering “Lifetime” Costs

•  Purchase price is only part of the total lifetime cost

–  Operating costs –  Maintenance costs –  Lifetime (replacement costs) –  Insurance costs

•  Payback time: What is wrong with this statement? –  7 years?! I’d rather buy the

less expensive item & save the money. 7 years is too long for a payback.

•  Answer: If you choose the less expensive item, after 7 years those savings are gone – given to your utility company.

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Lifetime Cost Case Study: Geothermal

•  In 2005 we had to replace our oil furnace & had a choice: –  $10,550 for a new furnace,

HWT, oil tank & central AC –  $23,000 for a Geothermal

system

•  What are the considerations? –  Operating costs –  Fuel costs & projections –  Home comfort –  Lifetime –  ?

•  What is the amount I need to consider for payback? –  $23,000 - $10,550 =

$12,450

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Comparison – A new Oil Furnace vs. Geothermal

$0.00

$5,000.00

$10,000.00

$15,000.00

$20,000.00

$25,000.00

$30,000.00

$35,000.00

Cum

ulat

ive

Cos

t

Winter Heating Season

Oil vs. Geothermal

Oil furnace & AC

Geothermal

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Lifetime Costs – Personal Transportation

•  Vehicle payment (function of MSRP, rate, term)

•  Usage cost ($/km) •  Maintenance cost ($/km?) •  Insurance cost ($/month) •  Expected life (warranty?) •  Resale, etc.

Kia Soul 2016 Model 2.0 GDI 1.6 TDI EV Fuel Gas Diesel Electric MSRP 21,195 N/A 38,195

$/month

357 489

Fuel econ

8.7 L/100km

5.9 L/100km

kWh/100km

83.5 63.5 19.9

Maint-enance

$0.02 / km

$16.67/month

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Lifetime Costs – Personal Transportation

•  Vehicle payment (function of MSRP, rate, term)

•  Usage cost ($/km) •  Maintenance cost ($/km?) •  Insurance cost ($/month) •  Expected life (warranty?) •  Resale, etc.

Kia Soul 2016 Model 2.0 GDI 1.6 TDI EV Fuel Gas Diesel Electric MSRP 21,195 N/A 38,195

$/month

357 489

Fuel econ

8.7 L/100km

5.9 L/100km

kWh/100km

83.5 63.5 19.9

Maint-enance

$0.02 / km

$16.67/month

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

16-11-15

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Is it worth it for me to pay extra for the EV?

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Overall messages

•  Find & eliminate what you don’t need o  Phantom loads, electronics, appliances, etc.

•  Consider efficiency when adding any new appliances (donations,

purchases)

•  See what loads can be shifted to off-peak

•  It’s usually cheaper to save energy than it is to make it. o  More insulation can mean a “smaller” furnace & may have other benefits

•  The money you are saving is after tax money!

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Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Useful links & resources

•  NRCan Office of Energy Efficiency o  http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/offices-labs/office-energy-efficiency

•  NRCan Energy Efficiency Publications o  http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/publications/17756

o  Heating with gas/oil/electricity/heat pump, energuide, etc.

•  Green Car Reports o  www.greencarreports.com

•  Email: jeffery.r.goodman@gmail.com

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Jeff Goodman

Sustainable North

Grenville

Questions & Discussion…