HostelProject 2223

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CONTENTS

1. COMPANY PROFILE

2. INTRODUCTION TO .NET

3. INTRODUCTION TO ASP.NET

4. INTRODUCTION TO SQL

5. ABOUT THE PROJECT

6. EXISTING SYSTEM

7. PROPOSED SYSTEM

8 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE

CYCLE

9 MODULES IN THE PROJECT

10 DATA BASE TABLES

11 SNAPSHOTS

12 DATABASE DIAGRAMS

13 CONCLUSION

14 BIBLIOGRAPHY


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1. ABSTRACT OF THE PROJECT

This Project includes all my learning work done during my six months Industrial

Training at SPIC Microsoft. This web application is very useful for managing

hostels detail. This is a very simple and easy to use web application which store

information about hostels, wardens, students, seats in hostels, issued items,

purchase details. We can filter the data according to hostelID, studentID, wardenID

etc. We can maintain the data stored on the server.This web application is aimed at

making data entry, management, updating, storage and retrieval easier and faster.

The following objectives have been kept in mind:

Efficiency:-We tried to involve accuracy, timeliness andcomprehensiveness of the system output.

Cost: - It is desirable to aim for the system with a minimum cost subject tothe condition that it must satisfy the entire requirements.

Flexibility: -We have tried that the system should be modifiable dependingon the changing needs of the user. Such modifications should entail

extensive reconstructing or recreation of application.


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INTRODUCTION

SPIC stands for Society for Promotion of Information Technology which is

under the Aegis of Department of IT, Chandigarh Administration. In an effort to

automate the internal processes of the Departments of the Administration, SPIC

has been playing a key role being the Nodal Agency under the National e-

Governance Plan.

This year ,the Municipal Corporation ,Department of Urban planning and higher

Education will be undertaken in this ambitious national level project .SPIC is alsoworking closely with other Departments like Chandigarh Police , Excise and

Taxation , Government Medical College & Hospitals ,Govt Fine Arts, Zila Sainik

Welfare for automating their internal processes.

In an initiative automate the HRD department of Chandigarh Police Department

SPIC has Developed and implemented personal Information system for

Chandigarh Police. This scope of the project has been defined to manage all theinformation about all the personals of the police department.


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VISION

SPIC is a focused and committed provider of product design and development

services.

The Department has mission to "continue to be a strong Outsourced Software

Product R&D services companies and provide compelling benefits of the global

distributed development model.

SPIC provides the best-in-class services to its clients in the development of best-

of-breed software products, technology expertise, and commitment to continual

improvement. SPIC' values and vision are more than just words. The company

vision is to "provide the best Outsourced Software Product Development

experience, grow as a trusted technology partner to our clients." These are the

foundation building blocks upon which spic is built the successful SPIC value

proposition.


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Efficiency

SPICs mission is to partner with the world's emerging and established software

leaders to help them bring great products to market in efficient way and at less

cost.

Integrity

We believe in treating people with respect. We believe in always doing what we

say we will and when we say we will do it. We always hold ourselves to the

highest ethical standards and take personal responsibility for our words and

actions.

Accessibility

We greatly value our people and seek to empower them. We believe in the free

flow of information, regardless of rank or power, so that everyone has access to the

most complete data in order to make the best decisions. We maximize transparency

to create an environment where every individual is accessible and encouraged to

contribute, and where each thought is valued and factored into making decisions.

Credibility

We understand the business logics and the partners products and work as a partnerextension to achieve the goals. We take all the credibility for successful product

execution. Partners rely on us as being a part of their organization.


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1. 2 Objective

SPIC has been applying agile methodology for product development using best

practices from the bottom-up, and has considerable from key stakeholders andsponsors.

Some basic principles being followed are:-

The launch of software product is the ultimate goal of a software development

project.

Project teams perform well to achieve short-term, realizable, and recognizably

valuable goals. Short and regular feedback loops are necessary to both gauge anddirect the progress of a software project.

Clients are happy when they feel they have control on system being developed and

see regular, tangible results.


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3. INTRODUCTION TO DOT NET

The.NET is a web application frameworkdeveloped and marketed by Microsoft to

allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services.It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, and

is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is

built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write

ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. The ASP.NET SOAP

extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.

The .NET Framework, introduced by Microsoft in 2002, is a programming

platform and set of tools for building and running distributed applications in the

Internet era. It also contains an object-oriented class library and a collection ofreusable types (a type is a representation of data such as classes) that enable you to

accomplish many common programming tasks such as file access, string

manipulation, and database management. The class library is categorized into

modules (referred to as namespaces) and includes types that support a variety of

applications such as:

Console applications Windows forms ASP.NET applications XML web services Windows services SQL Server applications Small device applications

ASP.NET, the next version of ASP, is a programming framework used to create

enterprise-class Web Applications. These applications are accessible on a global

basis leading to efficient information management. The advantage that the

ASP.NET offers is more than just the next version of ASP.

In fact, C# is one of the .NET languages that Microsoft developed. The other

languages that use .NET are Visual Basic .NET, J#, and Managed C++, in addition

to languages developed by other companies. All these languages work under the

.NET umbrella and use its libraries. Actually, you can write an application with

modules written in different languages that support .NET.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Server_Pageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CLI_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CLI_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Server_Pageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application_framework


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HISTORY

After the release of Internet Information Services 4.0 in 1997, Microsoft began

researching possibilities for a new web application model that would solve

common complaints about ASP, especially with regard to separation of

presentation and content and being able to write "clean" code.

Mark Anders, amanager on the IIS team, and Scott Guthrie, who had joined Microsoft in 1997

after graduating from Duke University, were tasked with determining what thatmodel would look like.

The initial prototype was called "XSP"; Guthrie explained in a 2007 interview that,

"People would always ask what the X stood for. At the time it really didn't stand

for anything. XML started with that; XSLT started with that. Everything cool

seemed to start with an X, so that's what we originally named it."The initial

prototype of XSP was done using Java, but it was soon decided to build the new

platform on top of the Common Language Runtime (CLR), as it offered an object-oriented programming environment, garbage collection and other features that

were seen as desirable features that Microsoft's Component Object Model platform

didn't support.

Once the ".NET" branding was decided on in the second half of 2000, it was

decided to rename ASP+ to ASP.NET. Mark Anders explained on an appearance

on The MSDN Show that year that, ".After four years of development, and a series

of beta releases in 2000 and 2001, ASP.NET 1.0 was released on January 5, 2002

as part of version 1.0 of the .NET Framework. Even prior to the release, dozens of

books had been written about ASP.NET and Microsoft promoted it heavily as partof their platform for web services.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Information_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_presentation_and_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_presentation_and_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Anders&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Guthriehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Guthriehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Anders&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_presentation_and_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_presentation_and_contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Information_Services


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The .NET Framework is:

Common Language Runtime provides an abstraction layer over theoperating system

Base Class Libraries pre-built code for common low-level programmingtasks

Development frameworks and technologies reusable, customizablesolutions for larger programming tasks

The dot Net framework consists of two main components one of them is DotNet framework class library and another is CLR. The dot Net framework

class library common for all dot Net language .We can use this to developdifferent application such as console applications, windows and Web Forms

and Web Services.

The CLR do some of the important task such as load the IL code of programat runtime. Compile the IL code in native code execute and manage code

enforce security and type safety helps in thread support .The code that run in

CLR is called unmanaged code. There is a layer which allows both manage

code and unmanaged code to interoperate with each other.

The CLR is combination of various components which provides the runtimeenvironment and runtime services for our application. These components

load the IL code into runtime environment and runtime service for our

applications.


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ASP .NET:

ASP.NET is more than the next version of Active Server Pages (ASP). It provides

a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for

developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. While ASP.NET is largelysyntax compatible with ASP, it also provides a new programming model and

infrastructure for more scalable and stable applications that help provide greater

protection. You can feel free to augment your existing ASP applications by

incrementally adding ASP.NET functionality to them.

ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET-based environment; you can author applications in

any .NET compatible language, including Visual Basic .NET, C#, and JScript

.NET. Additionally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any ASP.NET

application. Developers can easily access the benefits of these technologies, which

include the managed common language runtime environment, type safety,inheritance, and so on.

ASP.NET has been designed to work seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML editors

and other programming tools, including Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. Not only

does this make Web development easier, but it also provides all the benefits that

these tools have to offer, including a GUI that developers can use to drop server

controls onto a Web page and fully integrated debugging support.

Developers can use Web Forms or XML Web services when creating an ASP.NET

application, or combine these in any way they see fit. Each is supported by the

same infrastructure that allows you to use authentication schemes, cache frequentlyused data, or customize your application's configuration, to name only a fewpossibilities.

Web Forms allow you to build powerful forms-based Web pages. When building

these pages, you can use ASP.NET server controls to create common UI elements,

and program them for common tasks. These controls allow you to rapidly build a

Web Form out of reusable built-in or custom components, simplifying the code of

a page. For more information, see Web Forms Pages. For information on how to

develop ASP.NET server controls, see Developing ASP.NET Server Controls.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa719973(v=vs.71).aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa719973(v=vs.71).aspx


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INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTAL REPORT

Crystal Reports for Visual Studio .NET is the standard reporting tool for Visual

Studio .NET; it brings the ability to create interactive, presentation-quality content

which has been the strength of Crystal Reports for years to the .NETplatform.

With Crystal Reports for Visual Studio .NET, you can host reports on Web and

Windows platforms and publish Crystal reports as Report Web Services on a Web

server.

Advantages of Crystal Reports:

Some of the major advantages of using Crystal Reports are:

1. Rapid report development since the designer interface would ease the coding

work for the programmer.

2. Can extend it to complicated reports with interactive charts and enhance the

understanding of the business model

3. Exposes a report object model, can interact with other controls on the

ASP.NET forms

4. Can programmatically export the reports into widely used formats like .pdf,

.doc, .xls, .html and .rtf.


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4. INTRODUCTION TO SQL

SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.

What is SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language SQL lets you access and manipulate databases SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard

What Can SQL do?

SQL can execute queries against a database SQL can retrieve data from a database SQL can insert records in a database SQL can update records in a database SQL can delete records from a database SQL can create new databases SQL can create new tables in a database SQL can create stored procedures in a database SQL can create views in a database SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views


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5. ABOUT THE PROJECT

This project serves as a web application to handle the hostel system accurately and

more efficiently. It is platform independent as it is a web based application.

The main idea behind developing this application was to reduce the manual efforts,

moreover making the system more easily accessible. This application reduces the

problem of data redundancy with the help of normalization. It helps to maintain the

records easily and is even less time consuming.

As referred above the technology being used is Dot Net and we worked in web

applications

with ASP.NET as front end and SQL Server2005 as back end.

SALIENT FEATURES OF PROJECT

Integrated approach to the package helps in minimizing manual approach.

User friendly package Timing and retrieval efficiency In-built validation checks to ensure accuracy


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Elimination of paper work Suitable help/error message for better user interface Updated information

7. EXISTING SYSTEM

Nowadays for handling these kinds of systems, a lay man does all the work

manually. He needs to keep various registers or files so as to keep the details but it

creates a mess for him whenever he needs to check a record, save another record,

delete any record or update it. This also makes the data not so easy to understand.

This increases the hardware cost and the maintenance headache. Moreover there

also occurs certain kind of problems:

Data redundancy. Loss of data. Difficult to access data. Time Consuming.

Data Redundancy

Data redundancy refers to duplication of data. In case of manually handling this

system and maintaining the records, many a times same data is written at many

places, so this repetition of data at various places can increase hardware cost,

moreover maintaining such data becomes most difficult.


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Loss of data

In case of any kind of misplacing or if sometimes we lose the registers or files, it

may lead to a great loss of data as no duplicate copy or a database is being

maintained.

Difficult to access data

When the data is being placed at many places in small segments, it becomes very

difficult to gather data from various places, moreover updating or deleting the data

at each and every place.

Time Consuming

This process is very time consuming as to search for any data or for taking any

kind of action, the person has to go through every data and check for each and

every detail of the data.

Record Management:

Is very tangible job in manual database system.

Inaccuracy:

Some time there may be chance of inaccuracy. Existing system is not according to

current demand.


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No Report Generation:

In Existing, system there is any automatic report generation facility.

Inconsistency:

In the existing system, there are no checks or constraints so; the duplication may

make the data inconsistent.

Unauthorized Access:

There is no way to restrict unauthorized access to the data except putting the files

under lock and key.

Paper Wastage:

Currently some tasks are done manually, its uses paper, hence not a cost efficient

system and eco-friendly.

Problem in Updating:

As data are written on papers, the updating or any type of correction requires

rewritten of information. There is no procedure for keeping duplicate record

system.

Due to above reasons the change in the existing system is required for the change

we have to perform the feasibility study. The success of a system largely dependsupon how accurately the problem is defined and investigation. Until, the problems

are clearly defined and evaluated, should we think about solutions.


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7. PROPOSEDSYSTEM

Proposed system is expected to remove the problems of the existing system and

provide value-added solution to the problem. Due to limitation in the existing

system it is felt to switch over to a new system that covers all the possible aspects:

Proposed system with objectives:

Proposed System is automated and web based system so that's why it hasvery fast processing speed.

Records management is very easy job in database. There may be not any chance of inaccuracy. Proposed system is according to current demand. In Proposed system there is automatic report generation facility. Security and privacy is possible by using user name and password. Data integrity is maintained and redundancy is reduced.

Software System Attributes:

Usability:

The links are provided for each form. The user is facilitated to view and make

entries in the forms. Validations are provided in each field to avoid inconsistent or

invalid entry in the databases. Some forms consists Hyper Links, which provides


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further details. Reports screen contains text boxes and drop down lists, so that

reports can be produced.

Security:

Application will allow only valid users to access the system. Access to any

application resource will depend upon users designation. There are three types of

users namely Administrator and Warden. Security is based upon the individual

user ID and Password.

Availability:

System will be available around the clock except for the time required for the

backup of data.

Portability:

The application is developed in ASP.NET. It would be portable to other operating

system provided .NET Framework is available for the OS. As the database is made

in SQL Server, porting the database to another database server would require some

development effort.

Acceptance Criteria:

The software should meet the functional requirement and perform the functionality

effectively and efficiently.


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A user-friendly interface with proper menus. Data transfer should be accurate and within a reasonable amount of time

keeping in mind the network traffic.

The system should not allow entry of duplicate key values. System should have the ability to generate transactional Logs to avoid any

accidental loss of data.

Log file should also be generated.

8. Software Development Life CycleThis involves the activities in the production of the software system.

Generally it can be divided into the following phases:-

1) Feasibility study

2) Requirement analysis

3) System specification

4) System and component design

5) Implementation component design

6) System testing

7) Maintenance


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8.1.Feasibility Analysis

A feasibility study is initiated to determine the performance and cost effectiveness

of the proposed system and if it meets all the constraints, it is recommended in

feasibility report. It measure how beneficial or practical the development of the

system will be to the organization. It is a preliminary survey for the system

investigation. Its aim is to provide information to facilitate a later in-depth

investigation. A feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to this

work ability, impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective

use of resources. It focuses on three major questions: -

What are the users demonstrable needs and how does a candidate system meet

them?

What resources are available for given candidate system? What is the likely impact of the candidate system on the organization?

Three key considerations are involved in the feasibility analysis.

Economic Feasibility Technical Feasibility Behavioral Feasibility

The feasibility study of the software is as follow:


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Economic Feasibility

Economic feasibility determines the benefits and saving that are expected from the

system and compare them with costs. Cost/Benefit analysis has been done on the

basis of total cost of the system and direct and indirect benefits derived from the

system. The total cost for the proposed system comprises of hardware costs and

software costs. The main aim of economic feasibility is to check whether the

system is financially affordable or not. The cost for the proposed system can be

divided into two parts given below:

Hardware Costs

The hardware cost for the proposed system can be calculated from cost of

hardware needed for the development of the proposed system. The hardware

specifications for the system are given below:

Personal Computer: The cost of the PC depends upon the configuration of the

PC. The minimum specification assumed for the Pc is given below:

P4 processor 256 MB RAM 40 GB free disk space MS Windows


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Server: As the software is a client-server based application, thus an efficient

server would act as the backbone of a good communication system. The minimum

specifications are:

Core2Dual processor 512 MB RAM 120 GB free disk space

Software Costs: The Software costs for the proposed system can be calculated

from the cost of software tools needed from the development of the proposed

system. The software tools needed for the development of the system are given

below:

Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 SQL server 2005


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Technical feasibility:

Technical Feasibility centers on the existing system and to what extent it can

support the proposed system. In this part of feasibility analysis we determined the

technical possibilities for the implementation of the system. Two major benefits

are:

Improving the performance Minimizing the cost of processing

This software is web based application. To develop the software the following

technology will be used as per requirement:

Language: ASP.NET Editor : Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Database : SQL server 2005

Behavioral Feasibility

Behavioral feasibility estimates the reaction of the User staff towards the

development of the computerized system. For the successful implementation of

any system, the users must be impressed that the new system is for his benefit. So,

the behavioral feasibility plays a very important role in the development of new

system It reveals that whether the system is acceptable by user or not. If the user

does not ready to use it, then it doesnt matter how best the system is or how much

effort you are putting in its development.


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8.2 H/W AND S/W REQUIREMENTS

.NET Framework System Requirements

To ensure adequate performance, .NET Framework has the following minimumand recommended system requirements for client and server applications:

Operating System Requirements:

The .NET Framework is supported on the following platforms:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----

Scenario Operating System

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Client MS Windows 98

MS Windows 98 Second Edition

MS Windows Millennium Edition

MS Windows NT 4.0 Workstation with

service pack 6.0a or later

MS Windows NT 4.0 Server with service pack

6.0a or later.

MS Windows 2000 ProfessionalMS Windows 2000 Server

MS Windows 2000 Advanced Server

MS Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

MS Windows XP Home Edition Professional

MS Windows Server 2003 Family

Note: On all these systems, MS Internet Explorer 5.01 or later and MS

Windows Installer 2.0 or later are also required.

Server MS Windows 2000 Professional

MS Windows 2000 Server with service pack 2.0MS Windows 2000 Advanced Server with

service pack 2.0

MS Windows 2000 Datacenter Server with

service pack 2.0

MS Windows XP Professional

MS Windows Server 2003 Family


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Additional Software Requirements:

To use additional features such as ASP.Net, COM+ services and SQL Server

.NET Data Provider, you will need the following additional softwares:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----

Scenario Feature Required Software

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----

Client SQL Server .Net Data MS Data Access Components

Provider (MDAC) 2.6 or later

Access to system management Windows Management

Instrumentation (WMI)

(installed with OS onWindows 2000, Windows

Millennium Edition and

Windows XP)

COM+ Services Windows 2000 with service

Pack 2.0

Server SQL Server .Net Data MS Data Access Components

Provider (MDAC) 2.7

ASP.Net MS Internet Information

Services (IIS) 5.0

Hardware Requirements

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----

Scenario Processor RAM

Required Recommended Required Recommended------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----

Client Pentium 500 MHz* Pentium 1 GHz 64 MB* 128 MB or higher

Server Pentium 667 MHz* Pentium 1 GHz 128 MB* 256 MB or higher


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* Or the minimum required by the operating system, whichever is higher.

8.3 System Design

The main objective of the system design is to make the application user friendly.

After discussing with some of the technical persons, friends, guide; it was

concluded that the design of the application should be 3 tier which means that the

system will be developed in orientation to three things:

Data:-

It includes Database and Stored Procedures etc.

Business:-

It includes the logic that will actually process the data but it should be in the form

of objects and classes that will help in providing the application components

reusability, abstraction and other Object Oriented features.

Presentation:

It includes the front end that links the user to the whole system.Generally, it is said that if the design is made well, the whole system will work

well. So, I have tried my best to put my effort on this phase properly.


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THREE LAYERS OF PROJECT


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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram is a graphical representation that depicts information flow and

the transforms that are applied as data move from input to output. The data flow

diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction.

It has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and identifying major

transformations that will become program in system design. So it is the starting

point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirement

specifications down to the lowest level of details. A DFD consist of a series of

bubbles joined by lines. The bubbles represent data transformation and the lines

represent data flows in the system.

In fact, DFDs may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information

flow and functional detail. Therefore, the DFD provides a mechanism for

functional modeling as well as information flow modeling.

In the DFD, there are four symbols,

A Square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data. An Arrow identifies data flow- data in motion .It is pipeline through which

information flows.

A circle or a bubble (or a oval bubble) represents a process that transformsincoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s)

An open rectangle is a data store-data at rest , or temporary repository ofdata.


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ER DIAGRAM:

An E-R diagramcan express the overall logical structure of a database graphically.

E-R diagrams are simple and clearqualities that may well account in large part

for the widespread use of the E-R model. Such a diagram consists of the following

major components:

Rectangles: which represent entity sets

Ellipses: which represent attributes

Diamonds: which represent relationship sets

Lines: which link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationship sets

Double ellipses: which represent multi-valued attributes

Dashed ellipses: which denote derived attributes

Double lines: which indicate total participation of an entity in a relationship set

Double rectangles: which represent weak entity sets

Objects

There are three main objects on an ER Diagram:

1. Entities

2. Relations

3. Attributes


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Entities

An entity is a concept or object in the database. Entities are concepts within the

data model. Each entity is represented by a box within the ERD. Entities are

abstract concepts, each representing one or more instances of the concept in

question. An entity might be considered a container that holds all of the instances

of a particular thing in a system. Entities are equivalent to database tables in a

relational database, with each row of the table representing an instance of that

entity.

Attributes

The Supplier Name, Supplier Address, Telephone Number etc. A given attribute

belonging to a given entity occurrence can only have one value. Therefore, if a

supplier could have more than one address or telephone number then this should be

determined before defining the attributes of that entity type. In this example the

defined entity may require two or three address and/or telephone number attributes.

It is the maximum practical instances of a given attribute that should be catered for

in the entity type definition.


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Relationships

Relations are the connections between two or more entities. Relationship lines

indicate that each instance of an entity may have a relationship with instances of

the connected entity, and vice versa.

Mapping cardinalities, or cardinality ratios, express the number of entities to

which another entity can be associated via a relationship set. Mapping cardinalities

are most useful in describing binary relationship sets, although they can contribute

to the description of relationship sets that involve more than two entity sets.Following are the types of cardinalities:

One to one One to many Many to one Many to many


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8.4 SYSTEM TESTING

Testing

The system development life cycle involves the phases of testing and debugging

after the requirement analysis, designing and coding. The project in question was

tested , debugged and implemented successfully.

Two strategies of software testing adopted for the new system are as follows:

Code testing Specification testing

LEVELS OF TESTING

In order to uncover the errors present in different phases, we have the concept of

levels of testing. The basic levels of testing are:

Client Needs -----------------------------------Acceptance Testing

Requirements--------------------------------- System Testing

Design------------------------------------------Integration Testing

Code Unit-------------------------------------UnitTesting


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Code testing

Code testing was carried out to see the correctness of the logic involved and the

correctness of the modules. Tests were conducted based upon sample and live data

as well. All the modules are checked separately for assuming correctness and

accuracy in all the calculations.

Specification testing

It examines the specification stating about what program should do and how it

performs under various conditions. This testing strategy is better strategy since it

focuses on the way the software is expected to work.

Unit Testing

During the phase of unit testing different constituent modules were testing against

the specifications produced during the design for the modules. Unit testing isessentially for the verification of the code produced during the coding the phase,

and goal is to test the internal logic of the modules. The modules once tested were

then considered for integration and use by others.

White box testingDuring this phase of the testing phase SDLC, server developed was tested

while considering a valid value corresponding to each of variable defined and

corresponding to each function defined. During this phase values corresponding to

each variable viz. URL filtering, word filtering and scheduling was done and

desired results were obtained.


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Black box testingThis phase of testing deals with input/output testing. Black box testing was

performed on the software developed, corresponding to valid inputs provided

desired outputs were obtained.

Integration Testing

The next level testing that was performed is often referred to as integration testing.

During this phase many unit tested modules were combined into subsystems,

which were then tested. The goal here was to see if modules can be integrated

properly. Here the emphasis was on testing interfaces between different constituent

modules of system.

Functionality Testing

Here the entire software system was tested. The reference document for this

process is the requirements document, and the goal was to see if software solution

meets its requirements.

This level of testing is essentially a validation exercise, and in many situation it is

the only validation activity.


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Stress testing

Proxy server developed for the specified purpose was testing under heavy load, i.e.

a large no. of clients were made to sit in lab and were asked to send requests for

loging in and then were asked to request for text on internet. System responded to

request as desired.

Acceptance testing

Acceptance was performed in the real environment with realistic data of the client

to demonstrate if the software developed is working satisfactorily. Here the main

focus was on the external behaviour of the system; the internal logic of the

program was not emphasized.

TESTING OBJECTIVES:

The main objective of testing is to uncover a host of errors, systematically andwith minimum effort and time. Stating formally, we can say,

Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding anerror.

A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error. A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding error, if it

exists.

The tests are inadequate to detect possibly present errors. The software more or less confirms to the quality and reliable standards.


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8.5 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

System maintenance is an extremely important activity in the life of a software

product that starts after the implementation phase. It is one form of change or

rework. For proper maintenance of this system, I am spending a good time on

documentation so that I or some other person can easily understand this system

later when there is a need for maintenance.

Because of the full development being Object Oriented and MS support with

this product, this system can be easily connected to any other MS product with a

very small effort. Except Web support, more modules can also be easily addedbecause of the 3 tier approach in design; any development or modification is as

simple as creating a new application. We dont have to follow the old patterns; we

can just start with a new style and add the new modules in to the older one without

any problem.

Corrective Maintenance:

Almost all software that is developed has residual errors or bugs in them. Many of

these Surfaces only after the system have been in operation, sometimes for a long

time. These errors once discoveredneed to be removed, leading to the software to

be changed. This is called Corrective Maintenance.


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Adaptive Maintenance:

Even without bugs, software frequently undergoes change. The software often

must be upgraded and enhanced to include more features and provide more

services. This requires modification of the software. This type of maintenance is

known as the Adaptive Maintenance

Perfective Maintenance

This is actually the most common type of maintenance encompassing

enhancements both to the function and the efficiency of the code and includes all

changes, insertions, deletions, modifications, extensions, and enhancements made

to a system to meet the evolving and/or expanding needs of the user. A successful

piece of software tends to be subjected to a succession of changes resulting in an

increase in its requirements. This is based on the premise that as the softwarebecomes useful, the users tend to experiment with new cases beyond the scope for

which it was initially developed. Expansion in requirements can take the form of

enhancement of existing system functionality or improvement in computational

efficiency.

Though efforts have been made to develop error free systems, but no system is

perfect, room for improvement is always there. Thus proper documentation for the

system has been done so that it will be easy to handle any breakdown or any other

type of system maintenance activity.


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9. MODULES IN THE PROJECT

Following are the modules of our application:

Hostels Inventory Gate pass

Hostels

In this module, all the information regarding the various hostels of the college,

their wardens, the floors in a particular hostel, the rooms on each floor, the mess

etc will be provided. It will maintain the record of each and every room allotted to

various students on a particular floor in a particular hostel. It will also maintain the

information about the students. Moreover information about when a student is

going to vacate, how many rooms are vacant and at which floor in which hostel,

what kind of room a student is taking 1-seater, 2-seater or 3-seater, whether it is

ordinary or AC.

Inventory

The inventory module will include the details regarding the hostel fee, mess fee,

the issued facilities to the students like matrices, quilts, blankets, pillows, buckets

and other necessary things. A full-fledged record will be kept and maintained for

this. Using this record, it will become very easy for the warden and other


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authenticated authorities to maintain a check on each and every thing. It will also

become very easy to allocate various resources to the students, moreover

maintaining the record of the resources.

Gate pass

Basically, this module will keep the record regarding the entry and exit of the

students. Every student will be provided a gate pass id that will maintain a check

on his/her entry and exit time. It will also maintain a record of the students coming

late to the hostel than the prescribed time limit. Moreover a record is maintained

whenever a student goes for a vacation or at home.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY:


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Books Referred

ASP .Net 3.5 for Professionals ASP.Net 2.0 unleashed

Websites Referred

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspx http://www.w3schools.com/ http://www.dotnetspider.com/
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspxhttp://www.w3schools.com/http://www.w3schools.com/http://www.dotnetspider.com/http://www.dotnetspider.com/http://www.dotnetspider.com/http://www.w3schools.com/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspx

HostelProject 2223

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