HOSPITALS ARE NOT JUST ORDINARY BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF THEIR DESIGN; THERE ARE SPIRITUAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSIONS,

WHICH PLAY AN EFFECTIVE ROLE IN THE APPEARANCE OF THE BUILDING.

2. ACCESS TO THE SITE:

HOSPITAL SHOULD HAVE THE LIMITED AND

FUNCTIONAL ENTRIES TO THE SITE .

THE SITE SHOULD HAVE SEPARATE ENTRIES

FOR PATIENTS AND PUBLIC,SERVICE ENTRY AND

FOR THE STAFF PREFERABLY.

THIS IS DONE TO SAGREGATE THE

CIRCULATION ON THE SITE

1. VARIOUS TYPES OF CIRCULATION

ELEMENTS:

FIRST AND FOREMOST ONE NEEDS TO ADDRESS

IS THE CIRCULATION IE. IN-FLOW AND MOVEMENT

OF PATIENTS, VISITORS, DOCTORS, TECHNICIANS,

NURSING STAFF, BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE

BUILDING

GENERALLY THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF

CIRCULATION ON SITE:

1) PATIENTS AND PUBLIC 2) DOCTORS AND

HOSPITAL STAFF 3) SERVICE PERSONNELS

STUDY OF THESE ELEMENTS ENABLES TO DECIDE

ON THE SITE LAYOUT AND THE NO: OF ENTRIES

AS WELL AS THE SITE LAYOUT, WIDTH OF

INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT

TYPES OF CIRCULATION INSIDE THE HOSPITAL:

1)OPD PATIENTS 2) EMERGENCY PATIENTS 3) IPD

PATIENTS 4) SURGERY PATIENTS 5) DOCTORS 6)

SUPPORTING STAFF 7) VISITORS. …..Ultimately this is the segregation of

circulation factor that leads to the

formation of various zones

3.PLANNING ASPECT:

THE NATURE OF TREATMENT AND ITS ATTACHED

SERVICES VARY FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF

PATIENTS AND SO IS THE VARIATION OF SPACES.

LOCATION OF SPACES FOR DIFFERENT

DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR INTER-LINKING IS VERY

IMPORTANT; IF IT IS PROPERLY DESIGNED IT CAN

REDUCE UNNECESSARY MOVEMENT. ARCHITECTS

NEED TO ENSURE ADEQUATE TRANSITION SPACE

FOR PUBLIC, STAFF, AND PATIENTS AND DESIGN

THE APPROPRIATE TREATMENT AREAS REQUIRED

BY THE EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES.

THE MOVEMENT CAN BE REDUCED BY CORRECT

PLACEMENT OF VARIOUS ZONES

AND,DEPARTMENTS, THEIR ENTRANCES, LINKAGES

WITH OTHER DEPARTMENT, PLACEMENT OF

VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE,ARRANGING THE

CORRIDOR SYSTEM THAT IS AS SHORT AS

POSSIBLE

….major sections of hospital

patient flow….……

……support staff flow

doctors flow….……

web

OT WARDS

OPD

ADMN

DIGNO

EMERGE

NCY

CORRECT VICINITY OF DEPTT

PROPER DESIGN OF INDIVIDUAL DEPTT

EFFICIENT WEB OF SUPPORT AND ENGG SERVICES

4.DESIGN ISSUES FOR VARIOUS

DEPARTMENTS

DEFINING MAJOR CIRCULATION PATHS THROUGH THE PROPOSED AND FUTURE BUILDINGS IS A DESIGN DECISION THAT WILL CONSIDERABLY IMPACT THE FORM AND LAYOUT

OF THE HEALTHCARE FACILITY BEING DESIGNED. DO IT THOUGHTFULLY AND WITH CONCEPTUAL CLARITY.

FOR DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT

SHOULD HAVE A CENTRALIZED LOCATION

SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE

EMERGENCY

SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE IPD AND

OPEATION THEATRES

SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE MAIN

WAITING SPACE.

FOR EMEREGENCY

SHOULD HAVE A SEPARATE AND

HIGHLIGHTEDENTRY

SHOULD BE EASILY APPROACHABLE

SHOULD BE SUPPORTED WITH LARGE

WAITING SPACES.

SHOULD HAVE THE DIRECT ACCESS TO THE

AMBULANCE,

SHOULD BE IN THE VICINITY WITH THE IPD

AND DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT.

FOR OPD:

SHOULD HAVE A SEPARATE ENTRY AS IT IS

SUBJECTED TO A DIFFERENT TYPE OF

CIRCULATION.

SHOULD BE PLANNED AWAY FROM THE

STERILE AREAS.

SHOULD BE SUPPORTED WITH LARGE

WAITING SPACES.

FOR OPERATION THEATRE DEPARTMENT AND ICU

SHOULD HAVE A STERILE LOCATION

SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE EMERGENCY

SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE IPD AND

DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT

SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE ICU’S AND CSSD

AND SERVICE CORE

SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE BLOOD BANK. OPD

TREATMENT

PHARMACY

WAITING SPACE

….patients …..Visitors

DIAGNOSTICS

SUB WAITNG

public facilities registration

SEPARATE OT

EMERGENCY

DIAGNOSTICS

BLOOD BANK

WARDS

DIAGNOSTIC OPD OT & I.C.U's

WARDS

OPERATION THEATRE

WARDS CSSD

DIAGNOSTIC ICU

BLOOD BANK

FOR IPD AND WARDS

SHOULD HAVE A NOISE FREE LOCATION

SHOULD BE PLANNED CONNECTED TO THE

EMERGENCY

SHOULD BE PLANNED CONNECTED TO THE O.T

DEPARTMENT

SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE CSSD AND

ANCILARY SERVICE CORE

SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE LAUNDRY,

KITCHEN.

SHOULD HAVE THE NURSE STATION IN THE

VICINITY\.

SHOULD HAVE A PRAYER ROOM AND THE VISITORS

WAITING SPACE.

FOR ANCILLARY SERVICES:

CSSD:

IT SHULD BE IN THE CONNECTION WITH THE

WHOLE OF THE DEPARTMENTS ESPECIALLY WITH

THE OT AND THE ICU’s

PREFERABLY LOCATED IN THE BASEMENT

FOR ANCILLARY SERVICES:

DIETRY AND LAUNDRY

IT SHULD BE IN THE CONNECTION WITH THE

WHOLE OF THE DEPARTMENTS ESPECIALLY WITH

THE IPD

PREFERABLY LAUNDRY LOCATED IN THE

BASEMENT AND DIETRY AT GROUND FLOOR

FOR ADMNISTRTIVE SERVICES:

IT SHULD BE SEPARTE FROM THE TREATMENT

ZONES

PREFERABLY LOCATED AWAY FROM THE NOISE OF

THE HOSPITAL, EITHER IN BASEMENT OR ON TOP

FLOORS.

SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH OPD AS IT MAY

CONTAINS THE OFFICES OF VARIOUS DOCTORS

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES:

IT SHULD BE SEPARTE FROM THE TREATMENT

ZONES

PREFERABLY LOCATED IN BASEMENT AS IT IS

SUBJECTED TO HIGH NOISE AND HEAT.

SHOULD BE SO INSTALLED TO PROVIDE AN

EFFECTIVE MATRIX TO THE HOSPITAL.

SEPARATE SERVICE YARD IS TO BE PROVIDED

PREFERABLY GENERALLY IN THE BACK.

FOR OBSTETRICS

IT SHULD BE HAVING ITS SEPARATE IDENTITY

PREFERABLY LOCATED IN THE ISOLATED SPACE

BUT YET CONNECTED WITH ALL THE SERVICES

……………………….HOSPITALS, LIKE THE SMALL CITIES THEY ARE LIKENED TO, CONTAIN MAIN CIRCULATION ROUTES OFTEN DESCRIBED AS HOSPITAL STREETS.

OBSTETRICS NURSERY

OBSTETRICS NURSING UNIT

OPERATION THEATRE

ICU DIAGNOSTICS CSSD

DIETRY

SURGICAL SUITE

CSSD

SURGICAL SUITE ICU

HOUSEKEEPING STORE LAUNDRY

DIETRY

NURSING WARDS ICU

HOUSEKEEPING STORE DINING AREA

ADMN

NURSING UNIT

SURGICAL SUITE DIETRY LAUNDRY

DIAGNOSTIC WAITING

……………….that’s how a hospital works

…………………………………THE ARCHITECT SHOULD ALSO MAKE AN EFFORT TO BRING NATURE INTO THE PATIENTS’ SURROUNDINGS.AS FAR AS POSSIBLE

OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS:

ORDERLINESS

LIGHTING IS THE IMPORTANT DESIGN ISSUE TO BE

DISCUSSED, GOOD AND NATURAL DAYLIGHTING NOT

ONLY DESUFFOCATE THE ENVIRONMENT BUT ALSO

PREVENTS FATIGUE AND STRESS FOR THE STAFF AND

PATIENTS.

AT THE SAME TIME HARSH LIGHT, WHETHER

SUNLIGHT OR OTHERWISE SHOULD BE AVOIDED

THE DEAPRTMENTS SHOULD BE SUCH PLACED SO

THAT IT HAS A DEFINITE ORDER ABOUT ITS

DEPARTMENTS AND AS WELL AS NON COMPLEX IN

NATURE

HIERARCHY OF SPACES

A PROPER HIERARCHY SHOULD BE MAINTAINED IN

THE HOSPITAL OF PUBLIC AND NON PUBLIC ZONES

PUBLIC ZONES SEMI PUBLIC ZONES PRIVATE ZONES

SCALE OF SPACES BOTH INTERNAL AND

EXTERNAL

THE SCALE OF THESPACES SHOULD BE

COMFORTABLE AND SHOULD BE ACCORDING TO

HUMAN SCALE SO THAT HE SHOULD NOT FEEL IN A

DIFFERENT WORLD

THIS FACTOR WILL BE DEPENDENT UPON THE

•CEILING HEIGHT

•MATERIAL USED

•TOO LARGE CORRIDORS

•MASSING OF THE BUILDING

INTERNAL FLEXIBILITY AND FUTURE EXPANSION

THE HOSPITAL SHOULD BE SO DESIGNED THAT IT

SHOULD BE ABLE TO CHANGE WITH THE CHANGE IN

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY.

THE SPACES HAVE TO BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY

THAT IF IN FUTURE SOME INTERNAL MODIFICATION IS TO

BE DONE THEN IT IS ADAPTABLE FOR IT

CREATING LINEAR AND NON LINEAR SPACES:

LIGHTING

THE OVERALL GEOMETRY OF THE SPACE IN THE

HOSPITAL IS DEPENDENT UPON THE NATURE OF HE

FUNCTION WHICH THAT SPACE IS CATERING TO.

AS HOSPITALS ARE HIGHLY FUNCTION ORIENTED

BUILDINGS SO DUE EMPHASIS SHOULD BE GIVEN ON

THAT GEOMETRY WHICH IS NOT HARMING THE

FUNCTION.

SITE LAYOUT PARAMETERS:

1)INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT

THE INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT DEPENDS UPON THE

TYPE OF CIRCULATION ON THE SITE AND THEIR

WIDTH IS DETERMINED BY THE NATURE OF

VEHICLES ASSOCIATED WITH THEM.

DOCTORS AND PUBLIC ENTRY IS SUBJECTED TO

NOMINAL WIDTH AS MOSTLY LMV’s ARE

ASSOCIATED WHILE SERVICE ENTRY AND

EMERGENCY ENTRY IS SUBJECTED TO WIDE ROAD

LAYOUT.

service roads should be wide……

PARKING:

PARKING IN THE HOSPITALS CAN BE CATEGORIZED

INTO LONG TERM AND SHORT TERM PARKING

FOR THE LONG TERM PARKING THE PARKING CAN

BE PROVIDED IN THE BASEMENTS ALSO.THIS IS

GENERALLY MEANT FOR THE DOCTORS AND STAFF

PARKING

FOR THE SHORT TERM PARKING THE PARKING IS

BASICALLY ON THE GROUND LEVEL AND IS MEANT

FOR THE PATIENT’S VEHICLE

GENRALLY FORCED CIRCULATION IN PARKING AS

EMPHASIS IS OVER TO SAGREGATE THE DIFFERENT

TYPES OF CIRCULATION

ABOUT LANDSCAPING

LANDSCAPING IS ONE OF THE MAJOR

DESIGN ISSUE THESE DAYS.

IT NOT ONLY ENHANCES THE AMBIENCE BUT ALSO

GENERATES THE BETTER MICROCLIMATE

IT ALSO HELPS IN SAGREGATING THE SPACES IN

CONTEXT TO CIRCULATION

THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE

DESIGN OF OUTDOOR AREAS, AROUND THE HOSPITAL OR

THE SPACES IN-BETWEEN BUILDINGS ON A CAMPUS.

WHILE THE ARCHITECT USUALLY DOES THE LAYOUTS OF

MOTORABLE ROADS,

THE LANDSCAPE DESIGNER SUGGESTS THE LAYOUT OF

PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS, PAVED OUTDOOR AREAS AND

PLANTATION. HE MAY ALSO SUGGEST WATER BODIES,

FOUNTAINS, STREET FURNITURE AND LIGHTING

CHARACTER OF THE BUILDING:

THE FORM OF BUILDING

THERE ARE BASICALLY 2 TYPES OF FORMS THAT CAN BE

GIVEN TO A HOSPITAL BUILDING

1) VERTICAL HOSPITAL 2)HORIZONTAL HOSPITAL

…...pedestrians to be decided

IN A VERTICALLY STACKED HOSPITAL, ALMOST ALWAYS THE INPATIENT

AREAS ARE PLACED ON THE UPPER FLOORS, TO ALLOW FOR A MORE

PLEASANT, NATURALLY LIT ENVIRONMENT.

THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATION CONCEPTUALIZED FOR THE HOSPITAL

UNDER DESIGN WILL BE CONSIDERABLY IMPACTED BY THE LOCATION

OF THE VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE.

PROBLEMS OF VERTICAL ORGANIZATION, AND

PARTICULARLY OF A TOWER BLOCK OF WARDS, OF A

LIMITED ENVELOPE WITH NO MEANS OF LATERAL

EXPANSION.

IT ALSO MAKES THE PLAN FORM MORE RIGID

TALL BUILDINGS ARE MORE LIKELY, TO CONSUME

MORE ENERGY, AND HAVE GREATER PROBLEMS OF

EVACUATION IN CASES OF FIRE

THE ADVANTAGE FREQUENTLY CLAIMED FOR TALL

HOSPITALS IS THAT THEY OCCUPY LESS LAND

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