Horticulture Science Lesson 77 Beginning the Design Process.
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Transcript of Horticulture Science Lesson 77 Beginning the Design Process.
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Horticulture Science Lesson 77
Beginning the Design Process
Horticulture Science Lesson 77
Beginning the Design Process
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Interest ApproachInterest ApproachDisplay a landscape design concept for a house. Choose a design that begs the question: “What’s wrong with this picture?” This type of design might have a compost pile by the patio, a high-interest planting on the side of the house, or a play area in the front yard. Ask the students to explain what is good and bad about the design.
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Student Learning ObjectivesStudent Learning Objectives•Organize landscape activities using goose egg plans.
•Develop bed patterns for a landscape.
•Locate trees in a landscape plan.
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TermsTerms• bed pattern• deciduous trees• evergreen trees• goose egg plan• lines of force• sun calculator• transpiration• windbreak
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How can activities be organized into goose egg plans?
• Design work can begin once information is gathered through the family inventory survey and the site analysis.
• As the process progresses, three considerations should be kept in mind.
• 1. The final landscape should be an extension of the indoor living space. – To achieve this, the lot should be considered as
one or more rooms, each with walls, a ceiling, and a floor.
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How can activities be organized into goose egg plans?
• 2. The floor plan of the house and the locations of various rooms should be taken into account. – It makes sense to locate a patio near the kitchen
and family breakfast area. – Another good design characteristic is placing a
high-interest planting within view of persons seated in the living room or family room.
• 3. The landscape is viewed by neighbors and passersby. – Therefore, considering what they see is
important.
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How can activities be organized into goose egg plans?
• The creative nature of design begins with organizing the spaces in the design.
• A fairly simple activity can help define where various functions will take place in the landscape. – Small sketches of the house and the lot are
quickly drawn according to the dimensions shown on the base plan.
– Each sketch might be only 4 or 5 inches in size. – Then, rough ovals or circles are drawn on the
small sketches to represent the play area, the patio, plantings, etc.
– The areas of activity will likely overlap, so the ovals or circles may overlap as well.
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How can activities be organized into goose egg plans?
• 1. A plan with these odd shapes is sometimes referred to as a goose egg plan, a bubble diagram, or a functional diagram. – With the process, the
designer can get a feel for how to separate a vast area into smaller rooms or spaces.
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How can activities be organized into goose egg plans?
• 2. There are several important points to remember when developing a goose egg plan.
• a. The sketches should be done quickly and roughly. – Also, each sketch should differ a little from the others. – Do not worry about placing too much detail in the sketches. – Just try to get an idea of where activities would best fit in
the landscape.
• b. Sketch the goose egg plan with function in mind. – Think about how people will move through the landscape. – Refer to the family inventory survey to make sure that all
the client’s desires are met.
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
• The next step in the design process is the establishment of bed patterns.
• A bed pattern is a border that outlines where plants will be planted and forms the framework for the design.
• The border separates the lawn from the plantings within a bed. – Besides providing a neat, organized appearance to the
landscape, bed patterns reduce landscape maintenance. – Since the viewer’s eye will follow the patterns, the
patterns should be bold. – They should also be wide enough to hold shrubs, flowers,
and groundcovers. – All material in a yard, except trees, should be within
planting beds.
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
• Bed patterns are affected by lines of force. – Architectural structures have dominant lines
created by corners, windows, chimneys, and doors.
• 1. These lines, which have visual energy that extends into the landscape, are called lines of force. – The design of the bed patterns for the patio,
deck, or planting beds should be in harmony with the lines of force.
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
• 2. An example of how to do this is to start a bed pattern at the corner of the house or at the edge of a window. – In another example, the edge of the deck or
patio might line up with a jog in the wall or with the frame of a door.
• 3. Designing bed patterns with lines of force helps to unite the house with the landscape. – If the home has a solid wall, the bed pattern
should begin and end either a or b down the length of the wall.
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
• There are three major types of bed patterns. – They are straight lines 90 degrees to the house,
straight lines 45 degrees to the house, and curved lines.
• 1. Straight lines drawn 90 degrees to the house reflect the architecture of the home and often lend a formal appearance to the design.
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
• 2. Bed patterns consisting of straight lines drawn 45 degrees to the house create an asymmetrical design. – They reflect the architectural lines of the home
but are more dynamic than the 90 degree bed patterns.
• 3. Curved bed pattern lines are free flowing and give a natural look to the landscape.– They should be drawn as bold arcs. Short,
squiggly lines lack definition and create visual confusion.
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
• Bed patterns should be consistent throughout the yard. – Since it is unlikely anyone could view both the
outdoor living area and the public area at the same time, the bed pattern style used in each area may differ.
– However, only one bed pattern should be used for the public area, and the same pattern or another should be used for the outdoor living area.
– Using different bed patterns in the same area of the landscape creates a jumbled appearance, making it hard for the viewer’s eye to follow the design.
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How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
• Draw rough sketches of possible bed patterns, using the best goose egg plan as a guide for locating the various activity areas. – The paper used for the bed pattern can be laid
over the goose egg plan. – Sketch the house and the property lines.– Using different sheets of paper, create different
bed pattern ideas including the 90-degree, 45-degree, and curved styles.
– Work quickly, taking no more than a few moments for each.
– After a number of sketches have been drawn, select the best plan for the landscape project.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• Trees are the largest element of the landscape.
• In the design process, they can be located on the plan once the bed patterns have been established.
• At this point, do not select the specific trees.
• Selection of specific trees comes later in the design process.
• Rather, choose the location of each tree and decide whether the tree is small, medium, or large.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• The location and size should be determined by family needs and site conditions.
• Carefully placed trees provide shade, serve as backdrops to the house, screen poor views, and frame good views.
• Trees give a sense of permanency to the landscape.
• They can dramatically affect the microclimate around a house and make a landscape more energy efficient.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• Trees affect the temperatures around and in a house.
• 1. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. – Most deciduous trees have broad leaves that produce
shade. – Shade produced by trees on the outside walls of a house
keeps the interior rooms cooler than if the walls were exposed to the sun’s rays.
– Also, transpiration, or the loss of water from tree tissues, cools the air.
– The temperature under a large shade tree can be 15 to 25 degrees cooler than in the sun.
– Locating trees in the landscape for cooling purposes requires the designer to know the angles at which the sun’s rays strike the house.
– The angle of the sun changes with the seasons.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• a. In the winter months, the sun’s rays hit primarily the south wall. – It is good to allow these winter rays to hit the
house to warm the interior. – Evergreen trees keep their leaves year round
and block the sun’s rays. – Evergreens are not a good choice for planting on
the south side of a house because they would block warming rays.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• b. In summer, the sun is farther to the north. – The east and west walls of a house receive the
greatest amount of radiant energy in the summer months.
– As the sun rises, the rays hit the east wall. – Between 11:00 A.M. and noon, the sun’s rays
increase. – Placing a deciduous tree to shade the east end
of the south wall or the south end of the east wall during that period improves energy efficiency.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
– From noon until 1:00 P.M., the amount of radiant energy absorbed by the walls of the house is very small because the sun is overhead. As the sun descends between 1:00 and 2:00 P.M., the rays begin to hit the west wall.
– At around 4:00 P.M., the sun reaches its greatest heating capacity.
– Shade trees placed within 25 feet of the house block the rays that would hit the west wall between 3:00 and 5:00 P.M.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• 2. The sun calculator is a tool that can be used to help locate trees on a landscape plan for energy efficiency. – The calculator is slid under the tracing paper
and oriented correctly in terms of north and south.
– The center of the calculator is positioned where shade is needed, such as on a patio or a west wall.
– Following the angles of the calculator permits trees to be effectively positioned.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• Trees alter the wind speed and direction.• 1. Frigid winter winds can be reduced by
grouping evergreen trees in the path of the prevailing winter winds. – In much of the United States, the prevailing
winter winds come from the north and northwest.
– Carefully located trees block the prevailing winter winds, resulting in lower heating costs.
– In the summer, trees used as windbreaks slow hot summer winds and reduce their drying effect.
– A windbreak is a row of plants that provides shelter from the wind.
– Windbreaks are also called shelterbelts.
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How should trees be located in a landscape plan?
• 2. Wind protection can be calculated. – A row of closely planted trees deflects the force
of the wind for a distance 20 times the height of the plants.
– The calculation is made by multiplying the height of the windbreak by 20.
– For example, a 10-foot-high windbreak would provide protection for a distance of 200 feet.
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Review/SummaryReview/Summary•How can activities be organized into goose egg plans?
•How are bed patterns developed on a landscape site?
•How should trees be located in a landscape plan?