8/14/2019 Hormone Thyroid T3, T4 Target Nuclear Receptors of: Most

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Hormone Target Action Regulation Clinical/OtherThyroid

T3, T4 Nuclear Receptors of: Sympathomimetic ( HR, CO, Resp.,metabolism), protein synthesis

Most tissues O2 consumption, heat (d/t metabolism)

Bone Marrow Erythropoeisis

GI tract motility

Bone bone turnover

Cardiac Alters myosin isoenzymes

TSH stims

Iodine

Hypothyroidism

-Children-cretinism

-Adults-myxedema- fatigue, constipation,

puffy face/hands, weight gain, m.

weakness (accumulation of GAGs)

Hyperthyroidism Graves Dz goiter,

ophthalmopathy, palpitations, weight,heat intolerance

Parathyroid

PTH Bone bone resorption (Ca+2)Kidney Ca+2 reabsorption, PO4-3 secretionIntestine Ca+2absorption via Vit. D

Ca+2 in blood Hypo-low blood Ca+2 can cause tetany

Hyper-hypercalcemia and

hypophosphatemia

Liver

IGF-1 Bone, Heart, Lung Organomegaly, Organ functionChondrocytes linear growth

GH

Pancreas

-Cells Insulin Hypothalamus hungerLiver glycogen storage, synth cholesterols,

glycolysis

Adipose TG storage, glucose uptake, lipolysisMuscle protein synthesis (aa uptake), glycogen

synthesis ( glucose transport), aa release(m/ breakdown)

High blood glucose stim

Glucagon-Like Peptides

(GLP) stim

SST inhibits

GLUT2 - cell glucose sensorGLUT4 - activated by insulin - # on cellsurface to glucose uptake in skeletal,cardiac m., adipose

-Cells Glucagon Liver aa uptake, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis

Adipose lipolysis (FFA)

Stim aa, ACh, Epi, Low

blood glucose

Inhibit- glucose, insulin,

SST, FFAGI Tract

Stomach Ghrelin Hypothalamus Hunger Fasting releasesSmall Intestine CCK Hypothalamus HungerSm./Lg. Intestine PYY Hypothalamus HungerKidney

1,25-OH-D GI Tract Ca+2, PO4-3 absorption PTH From skin, diet - Liver25-OH-DAdipose

Leptin

8/14/2019 Hormone Thyroid T3, T4 Target Nuclear Receptors of: Most

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Hormone Target Action Regulation Clinical/OtherAdrenal Cortex

Zona Glomerulosa-Mineralocorticoids

(Aldosterone)

Maintain plasma volume via Na+ retention, K+

excretion

Renin-Angiotensin

systemHyper-1/2Aldosteronism-HTN d/thypernatremia & ECF expansion; m.

weakness, fatigue d/t hyperkalemia

Hypo ofaldosterone-1AdrenocorticalInsufficiency (Addisons Dz)-dehydration,

HTN, hyponatremia (Na+ wasting),

hyperkalemia (K+ retention)

Zona Fasciculata-Glucocorticoids (Cortisol,

Hydrocortisone)

Gonadocorticoids

(androgens)

CNS CRH, ADH; appetiteCV Maintain sensitivity to vasoconstrictors

Liver Gluconeogenesis (which lipolysis)Lungs Fetal lung devo

Pituitary ACTHKidney GFRBone Resorption, FormationMuscle Catabolic (aa), insulin sensitivity

Immune Suppresses ( inflammation)CT Collagen synthesis

CRF-ACTH system Helps relieve stress (Stress activates CRH

release)

release in morning (so wake with normalblood glucose), peak ~1 hr post. wake

Hyper-Cushings Dz-truncal obesity, moon

facies, HTN, gonadal dysfxn

Hypo ofcortisol-1AdrenocorticalInsufficiency (Addisons Dz)- fatigue,

hyperpigmentation, GI abnormalities

Zona Reticularis-Glucocorticoids, weak

androgens (DHEA)

See above

DHEA precursor for T (negligible in males)

CRF-ACTH system CAH- response to ACTH androgens female pseudohermaphroditism - Adrenal

Androgen HyperS hirsutism,

oligomenorrhea, acne, virilization of

females

Adrenal Medulla

Catecholamines (Norepi,

Epi)Fight-or-flight response (HR, CO, BP, Resp.rate, bronchiole dilation, vasoconstrict skin/gut,

vasodilate heart, skeletal m.)

ACh exocytosis ofsecretory granules

Tumor (pheochromocytoma) may cause

sudden onset HTN, headache, sweating,

palpitations, tachycardia

8/14/2019 Hormone Thyroid T3, T4 Target Nuclear Receptors of: Most

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Hormone Target Action Regulation Clinical/OtherSex Organs

Testosterone Testes Maintain spermatogenesis, male duct

morphology, accessory sex glands, 2 sexcharacteristics

FSH stims Leydig cells

Activin and Inhibin from

testes regulates FSH

Estrogen Ovary FSH, LH receptors on follicle and theca cells

primes follicular tissue for progesteroneUterus SM cell lengthCervix Mucus watery, abundant - + for sperm

Oviduct Mucosa Promotes ciliogenesis and mitosis

Vagina Mucosa Epithelium thick, cornified, filled w/ glycogen

Progesterone Ovary Local levels modulate ovulation

Uterus Quiet SM cx (w/ relaxin)

Cervix Mucus thick, sparse - for sperm

Oviduct Mucosa Stim secretory activity and SM cx

Vagina Mucosa Epithelium thin, sloughed cells nucleated

Placenta

hCG Corpus Luteum Maintains corpus luteum until placenta takesover making progesterone and estrogen

hCS GH-like - stim gluconeogenesis in maternal

liver

Estrogens Lots of aromatase in

placentaconvert almostall androgens

Estriol Made from DHEA sulfate

from fetal adrenal

Marker of fetal health/brain devo made

from DHEA sulfate