Growth hormone deficiency states and growth hormone replacement therapy
Hormone pp
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Transcript of Hormone pp
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Hormones
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I.B. Learning Outcome B7- Using one or more examples,
explain functions of two hormones in human behavior. I can explain the difference between a
neurotransmitter and hormone. I can explain the impact that oxytocin and
cortisol have on human behavior.
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Hormones Chemical substances, secreted by
organs call glands, that affect the functioning of other organs.
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Hormones vs. Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are released in the
brain Hormones are released by glands in the
body. When hormones are active in the brain,
they serve as neurotransmitters…
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Example #1: Cortisol Stress hormone
Produced in adrenal gland When under stress, it increases arousal
level and prepares you for action. Pupils Dilate, Heart beats faster, blood-
sugar levels rise, digestion slows down.
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Example #2: Oxytocin Released by the pituitary gland. Only exists in mammals. Acts primarily as a neurotransmitter. Involved in building bonds, trust, and
generosity. The coolest hormone ever!
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Feldman et al. (2012) Hormone: Oxytocin Aim: To investigate the role of Oxytocin
in early relationships in young adults. Method:
Measured the oxytocin levels of 120 young adults (60 couples of 3 months) and 43 singles.
Measured oxytocin levels of the same participants six months later.
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Feldman et al. (2012) Findings:
Oxytocin levels were higher for the new couples than the individuals.
High Oxytocin levels at the first test correlated with couples staying together after 6 months.
High Oxytocin predicted more affectionate touch, reciprocity, positive emotions, and worries about the partner and relationship.
Conclusion: Oxytocin plays a key role in the formation of new romantic relationships among young adults.
Critical Thinking: Did not test Oxytocin before falling in love... Ecological Validity?
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Ditzen (2013) Hormone: Oxytocin Aim: To determine the impact of
oxytocin on couples’ communication. Method: Had couples either spray
oxytocin or a placebo up their nose and engage in a high stress conversation.
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Ditzen (2013) Continued Findings:
Oxytocin improved communication and lowered levels of cortisol.
Women: showed less social stress Men: showed more social stress and were
more engaged in the conversation (Eye contact, smiling, etc.)
Conclusions: Oxytocin impacts the ways that couples communicate.
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Newcomer et al (1999) Hormone: Cortisol Aim: To determine the role of cortisol on
memory. Method: Double-Blind study that had asked
three groups to take varying levels of cortisol over a four day period and tested their ability to remember verbal information.
1. High Level: Tablet of 160 mg Cortisol each day…simulates a major stressful event.
2. Low Level: Tablet of 40 mg of Cortisol each day…Simulated a minor stressful event.
3. Placebo: Tablet with no active ingredient.
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Newcomer et al. (1999) continued Findings:
The High Level group performed worse on the memory test than the Low Level group.
The Low Level group showed no memory decrease when compared with the placebo group.
Conclusions: High Levels of cortisol have a negative impact on a person’s ability to recall verbal data.