Hong Kong’s Emergency and Disaster Response Systemccouc.org/_asset/file/policy-brief-1.pdf ·...

Funded by:Supported by:

In collaboration with:

Hong Kong’s Emergency and Disaster Response SystemEmily YY CHAN, May PS YEUNG, Sharon TT LO

Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC),The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Policy BriefOctober 2015

For more information:

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.ccouc.org

HONG KONG’S EMERGENCY AND DISASTER RESPONSE SYSTEM October, 2015

Introduction

The Hong Kong Jockey Club Disaster Preparedness and Response Institute (HKJC DPRI) aims to establish Hong Kong as a regional and international leader in disaster preparedness and response training, and to promote community resilience. This policy brief, as part of the related research of the HKJC DPRI five-year project, outlines the existing emergency and disaster response system currently operating in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). After identifying the gaps, we present recommendations which target to strengthen the response systems, to develop a competent and knowledgeable workforce, and to reduce the loss and suffering that occur during unexpected disasters.

Emergencies and Disasters

Natural disasters such as floods, landslides and storms / cyclones constituted the majority of disasters by frequency in Hong Kong from 1990 to 2014.1 In 2014, Hong Kong was ranked high in Asia in a study comparing the natural disaster risk of 50 of the world’s leading cities.2 In recent decades Hong Kong has experienced other types of disasters, such as the SARS epidemic (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) in 2003, avian influenza from 1997 onwards, and the Lamma Island ferry collision in 2012, among others. These devastating events had significant health, economic and social impact across the entire community.

KEY MESSAGES Hong Kong uses a Three Tier System

to initiate a response according to the level of severity of a given emergency; Tier Three is for the most extreme situations.

Despite past epidemics, there remains a low level of community awareness, participation in basic first-aid training and emergency preparedness.

Engage relevant stakeholders in

contingency planning; equip them with knowledge and skills on disaster preparedness; provide accessible information; organise drills and integrate psycho-social component in service are ways that could strengthen emergency response.


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TIER THREE

TIER TWO

TIER ONE

Hong Kong Emergency Response System for Natural and Man-Made Disasters

Chief Executive

Police Head Quarters Command andControl Centre (PHQCCC) Emergency and Monitoring

Support Centre (EMSC)

Security Bureau / SecretariatLiaison Officer

Security Bureau Duty Officer (SBDO)Emergency Support Unit (ESU)

Police Regional Controland Command Centres(Pol RCCC)

Fire ServicesCommunication Centre(FSCC)

Security Control Committee(SCC)

Chief Executive Security Committee(CESC)

CombinedInformationCentre (CIC)

Civil Government Emergency Committees

IPC ASC FCC ODC JEPWCC

Emergency Response

GovernmentFlying Service (GFS)

MarineDepartment(MD)

Fire ServicesDepartment(FSD)

HK PoliceForce(HKPF)

Others

General & Logistics Support

AFC CAD DH ED EPD

GL GLD HA HKO

TD Works Group Others

Field Support

AMS BD CAS EPD ISD

GFS HAD HD FEHD LCSD

TD SWD Works Group Other

SCC monitors internal security situation; advises CESC

Main central coordinating body of different parts of the Police Forces

EMSC is Government's main monitoring and support centre

Government monitoring mechanism at Tier 2 level

Field emergency calls and despatch emergency services as appropriate

Central coordinator for Government information dissemination to public and media response

Actual departments involved in rescue and immediate response phase

CESC is convened in a prolonged widespread security crisis Other emergency

control committees for specific areas

* Adapted from Emergency Support Unit, Security Bureau, Government Secretariat. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Emergency Response System: emergency response procedures. May 2000. Page 10, Annex 4.1. Encl. (45) in SBCR 1/1866/91 Pt.6.


Introduction










Introduction









2


Emergency Medical Services

In Hong Kong, the medical and health services are provided by both the public and private sectors. As of 2013, there are 27,400 hospital beds in 42 public hospitals and institutions under the Hospital Authority (HA), 3,882 beds in 11 private hospitals, and 115 registered clinics run by private enterprises.3 Of the 42 public hospitals and institutions, 17 are acute general hospitals with Accident & Emergency Departments (AEDs).4 The AEDs of these acute hospitals work closely and coordinate with the ambulance services of the Fire Services Department (FSD) on a preset reference quota to facilitate the conveyance of casualties to various hospitals.

According to the HA Three-tier Emergency Command Structure, the HA Head Office Major Incident Control Centre, which coordinates the HA’s overall response to the incident, will deploy Medical Team to the incident scene to provide essential medical treatment and triage to patients according to number and severity of the injury.5

Psycho-social Support and Services

With the usual foci on medical and tangible needs, the psychological needs following a disaster may go unattended. In regard to psychosocial services, the HA supports hospitalized disaster survivors and their families through the Disaster Psychosocial Services Teams (DPST) set up in all acute hospitals. The DPST comprised of clinical psychologists, medical social workers, patient relations officers and religion representatives. It provides psychological first aid, acute grief support, psychological assessments and psychological recovery for patients. HA also distribute related psycho-educational resources on its disaster psychological services website. Psychosocial support for healthcare staff at different stages of a disaster is made available by designated staff and staff-volunteers. In addition to HA, Social Welfare Department and NGOs also have psycho-social supports services such as counselling and on-site psychological first aid for disaster victims.




















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Introduction










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Have you ever received any first aid training? (n=1002)

Adapted from Chan EYY, Lee PY, Yue JSK, Liu KSD. Socio-demographic predictors for urban community disaster health risk perception and household-based preparedness in Chinese urban city. Paper presented at: 12th Asia Pacific Conference on Disaster Medicine (APCDM); 17-19 Sept 2014; Tokyo. Japan.

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Introduction









5


Introduction










References 1. Guha-Sapir D, Below R, Hoyois Ph. EM-DAT: The CRED/OFDA International Disaster Database –

www.emdat.be – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. Accessed 2 Oct 2015. http://www.preventionweb.net/countries/hkg/data/

2. ARCADIS. Hong Kong Natural Disaster Risk. 26 May 2015. Accessed 2 Oct 2015. https://www.arcadis.com/de/switzerland/news/news/2015/5/hong-kong-natural-disaster-risk/

3. HKSAR Government. Hong Kong: The Facts, Public Health. January 2015. Accessed 2 Oct 2015. http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/public_health.pdf

4. Hospital Authority. List of all Accident & Emergency Departments 2015. Accessed 2 Oct 2015. http://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_text_index.asp?Content_ID=200246&lang=ENG&Ver=Text

5. HKSAR Government. Hong Kong: the Facts, Emergency Services. 2014. Accessed 2 Oct 2015. http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/emergency_services.pdf

6. Emergency Support Unit, Security Bureau, Government Secretariat. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Emergency Response System: emergency response procedures. May 2000.

7. Secretariat, Disaster Relief Fund Advisory Committee. Report on the Disaster Relief Fund 2013-14. December 2014. Accessed 2 Oct 2015. http://www.admwing.gov.hk/pdf/DRF%20Annual%20report%202013-14_e.pdf

8. Chan EYY, Lee PY, Yue JSK, Liu KSD. Socio-demographic predictors for urban community disaster health risk perception and household-based preparedness in Chinese urban city. Paper presented at: 12th Asia Pacific Conference on Disaster Medicine (APCDM); 17-19 Sept 2014; Tokyo, Japan.

















































































For more information, please contact:

Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC)The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Phone: +852 2252 8850Email: [email protected]: http://www.ccouc.org

Photo credits: HKSAR Government; CCOUC


Introduction










Introduction









6

Funded by:Supported by:

In collaboration with:

Hong Kong’s Emergency and Disaster Response SystemEmily YY CHAN, May PS YEUNG, Sharon TT LO

Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC),The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Policy BriefOctober 2015

For more information:

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.ccouc.org

Hong Kong’s Emergency and Disaster Response Systemccouc.org/_asset/file/policy-brief-1.pdf ·...

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