HONEY & BEESWAX VALUE CHAINS - Bees for … Intervention Plan, SNV/Ethiopia, Tel 2511654386/87/89/...

SNV SUPPORT TO BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS

AND THEIR ACCESS TO MARKETS (BOAM)

STRATEGIC INTERVENTION PLAN ON

HONEY & BEESWAX VALUE CHAINS

By

Johannes Agonafir, Agric & horticultural Economist - Local Consultant

Addis Ababa August 2005

Strategic Intervention Plan, SNV/Ethiopia, Tel 2511654386/87/89/

Email: [email protected], Postal Address 40675, Addis Ababa

HONEY & BEESWAX VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

SNV SUPPORT TO BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR ACCESS TO MARKETS (BOAM) of 37

Table of Contents

Title Page

Executive summary ............................................................................................................. 3

1. Value Chain Program Goal ......................................................................................... 4

2. Value Chain Program Objective ................................................................................. 4

3. Features of BOAM ...................................................................................................... 5

4. Honey and Beeswax .................................................................................................... 5

4.1 Honey and beeswax in Ethiopia .......................................................................... 5

Trend of honey business in the local market .................................................................. 9

Logistics for honey ....................................................................................................... 11

Market channel of honey ............................................................................................. 12

Market channel of honey .............................................................................................. 13

Steps needed to achieve EU accreditation for honey export: ....................................... 14

4.2 Problem ................................................................................................................... 15

4.3 Cause of the problem .............................................................................................. 15

4.4 Potential Intervention Points ................................................................................... 15

4.5 Value Chain Diagrams ............................................................................................ 16

4.6 Objective of Strategic Intervention ......................................................................... 24

4.7 Result Indicators ..................................................................................................... 24

4.8 Impact Hypothesis .................................................................................................. 24

4.9 Activities of Intervention ........................................................................................ 25

Pilot Phase Intervention: ........................................................................................... 25

At micro level: .......................................................................................................... 26

At meso level: ........................................................................................................... 26

At macro level: .......................................................................................................... 26

4.10 Implementation Concept - Pilot Phase .................................................................. 26

Tables Table1 Number of hives by region (000) ...................................................................... 7

Table 2 Ethiopian Six Years Apiculture Sub Sector Potential Estimate .................. 7

Table 3 Export earning from Beeswax (1993-96 E.C) ............................................... 8

Table 4 Comparison between export earnings of Honey and Beeswax ................. 9

Table 5 Addis Ababa Market prices for half a kilo of table honey .......................... 11

Table 6 Expected changes due to intervention program ......................................... 24

Table 7 Workshop Output for Honey & Beeswax Value Chain in the Pilot Phase........................................................................................................................................... 28

Table 8 SWOT analysis for honey & beeswax in priority order of internal & external forces ................................................................................................................ 30

Table: 9 List of stakeholders for honey and other selected value chains ............. 31

Table 10 Plan of operation for honey and bees wax value chain ........................... 36





Executive summary

Ethiopia is primarily an exporter of agricultural products and importer of consumer and capital goods. It almost exclusively imports essential development inputs like raw materials, machineries and equipments, transport and communication facilities, consumer goods including food. The major producers of all consumable and exportable agricultural goods are the smallholders with low-level technologies and remained with poor productivity of agricultural goods. Agro industries are also using smallholder as major raw material suppliers and fail to process because of unsustainable supply of agricultural products from farmers who rely on rain fed cultivation. All agro based business activities are facing constraints all the way through chain of operations from production to sells point. This program intended to resolve some of the bottlenecks within the value chains of selected commodities. The program is to be nation wide and very soon will start the interventions in Oromia and SNNP regions. In both regions, the selected value chains differ widely in terms of specification, degree of implementation, function and heterogeneity. In some cases, the value chain addresses an entire sub-sector in other cases a single commodity is specified. However, the value chains can over lap through out the nation. The purpose of the project is to focus on intervention points that can bring positive changes in the honey and beeswax business chain and benefit the stakeholders. The following approach is to work out this value chain study. Relevant literature, publications and studies related to agro business activities and marketing reviewed in order to get in depth information about the potential commodities. Key players including market operators, resource personnel, NGOs, chamber of commerce, business associations, business owners, and public enterprises communicated with all possible means of communication including face-to-face discussions. The collected information obtained from different literatures, discussions, opinions and comments analyzed, processed and checked against literature, data and experiences of consultants. With this approach, twenty-nine value chains documented for the first workshop and narrowed dawn to six potential candidates for intervention. The six value chains selected by the joint effort and discussions made on the workshop held on April 18. 2005. Public and private participants in both regions including Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce, Addis Ababa Chamber, Awassa and Adama Chamber have actively participated in the workshop and the following value chains selected for the respective regions. Thus, this strategic intervention plan accepted in the stakeholders’ workshop.

Regions

Oromia SNNPR

1. Milk & Milk production (both regions) 4. Honey and beeswax (both regions)

2. Vegetable / Tomato 5. Spice / pepper

3. Edible oil/ Oil seeds 6. Pineapple

The selected value chains for each region are three with reserves, one for each region. Therefore, this strategic intervention plan has considered two for each region and the





details for the four-value chain presented to the workshop held for two days, May 30 and 31, 2005.

The selected value chains described, intervention areas indicated, and the workshop has made participatory discussion and contributed a lot especially on the activities to be in the pilot phase.

The whole idea of the strategic intervention plan work shop was to bring all stake holders from private sector, public sector and the consultant team from SNV and make a plat form for common discussion and reach consensus so that can have integrated view for planning of the honey & beeswax value chain activities of the pilot phase.

In addition to this, the workshop had a session and made presentation and discussions on the access modalities to ear marked and requested funds, regulatory and policy issues, coordination mechanisms on linkages between value chain activities and program components, and responsibilities and selection of program advisory committee. The activity planning workshop was successfully managed and the honey & beeswax activities are established and participants from the respective syndicate groups organized on regional basis have presented the output attached the workshop out put as part of this document. The result of the intervention could be measured and evaluated based on the out puts of the business operation in the process and or periodically. The impact hypotheses that are pre formulation of impacts over the honey and beeswax chain expected to be the result of the intervention and measured using indicators formulated in the same workshop. Impacts are direct benefits of output of the intervention plan and come out of performance when the achieved out put compared with the planned activities.

1. Value Chain Program Goal

The program planned as national level support program for agro based business organizations. The first pilot project is to be in Oromia and SNNP regions in a participatory manner. It is public private partnership scheme focused to support actors involved in agro business activities across the chain of operations from raw material supply to sells point. The over all idea of the project is to alleviate business bottlenecks that hinders the business development and encourage the business to work to the best of its capacity and ability so as could have sustainable and productive economic growth. For the success of the programme, the action plan has considered business service providers as executive partner of implementation.

2. Value Chain Program Objective

The objective of this program is to identify value chains with critical problems in their prevailing business operations. In addition, make problem analysis of the respective value chain and identify intervention areas where by the program will design means of alleviating the main problem and the obstacles that hinder the business operation. In addition, apply the means and get rid off the limitations through possible intervention points so as the business activities across the value chain would be smoothened and positive result achieved with a joint effort of all stakeholders. The role of the stakeholders has an important contribution for the success of this objective. Business development service providers are well come to work in the strategic intervention program either as direct participant or indirect supporter in their capacity and experiences. Their support can be in any ways convenient to them, from experience sharing up to training, from technology to financial support and or any thing important





that can help to achieve the desire objective of the intervention plan. Farmers’ cooperative organizations both at regional and federal level are among the expected potential stakeholder, which can facilitate the implementation of this program. Several NGOs are expected to share their development experiences as they committed to share their know how during the study tour of the team. Any public or private partners also expected to be development service provider of their respective business.

3. Features of BOAM

• Works with on going agro based private business activities.

• Facilitate private public partnership forum.

• Participatory approach and work with all available stakeholders.

• Intervene on request based intervention plan.

• Identify intervention area along the chain and intervene through private partner.

• Five years program with two phases, Pilot phase and Scaling up phase.

4. Honey and Beeswax

4.1 Honey and beeswax in Ethiopia An estimated 2.5 million hectare of natural forest presently remains in 58 designated National Forest Priority Areas (NFPA). Of these 13 managed under integrated forest management systems, with about 80,000 hectares of industrial forest established for limited sustainable exploitation. With some 3.3 million beehives, Ethiopia is the leading honey and beeswax producing and exporting nation of Africa. Beekeeping is a traditional important off farm activity to harvest honey for many rural people in Ethiopia. About 95.5% of the honey produced from the traditional beehives. The country has substantial potential for apiculture development and the MoARD has bee keeping as one of the priority commodities targeting the local and export markets. Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by honeybees. It can be from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant sucking insects on the living parts of plants, which honey bees collect, transform by combining with specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Honey is sweet, thick, supersaturated sugar solution manufactured by bees to feed their larvae and for subsistence in winter. Bee honey is composed of fructose, glucose, and water, in varying proportions; it also contains several enzymes and oils. Honey has a fuel value of about 3307 cal/kg. It is a small scale, rural agricultural industry, used as a source of cash income for peasant farmers. Most of the farmers know beekeeping but cannot come to the proper management and it remains traditional. Damaging the natural vegetation as means of survival like charcoal, firewood, timber production and animal grazing are seriously affecting the sub sector. Ethiopia is the World’s 10th biggest honey producer and the 4th largest beeswax producer after China, Mexico and Turkey. Owing to its varied ecological and climatic conditions, Ethiopia is home to some of the most diverse flora and fauna in Africa, making it highly suitable for sustaining a large number of bee colonies. Ethiopia reportedly has the largest bee population in Africa with over 10 million bee colonies, out of which about 7.5 million confined in hives and the remaining exist in the forest. According to Holota research institute, recent morph metric analysis comes up with five types of bees in Ethiopia.





Traditional beehive of Ethiopia on a tree:





Most of local beehives hanged over long trees. Productivities of honeybees are very low and average of 5-6 kg of honey cropped per hive per year, while from the improved one average of 15-20 kg even more is possible. Honey and beeswax collected after the rainy season starts in October and extends until December. In the South and Eastern parts, there is minor harvesting period in May-June. According to CSA, 2001 the major honey and beeswax producing regions in Ethiopia are Oromia (about 41%), S.N.N.P.R (22%), Amara (21%) and Tigray (5%). However, the country is suffering from the ecological deterioration of it natural resources and this means the basis for any honey production is threatened.

Table1 Number of hives by region (000)

No Region Beehives number % Remark

1 Tigray 165.97 5

2 Afar 5.20

3 Amara 706.79 21

Oromia 1,366.37 41

5 Somalia 1.22

6 Benshangul 250.15 8

7 SNNPR 726.48 22

8 Gambela 106.24 3

9 Hareri 0.68

10 Addia Ababa 0.54

11 Diredawa 0.62

Total 3330.26 100

Source: CSA, 2001

Table 2 Ethiopian Six Years Apiculture Sub Sector Potential Estimate

Year Bee Hives (Number) Beeswax (MT) Honey (MT)

1999 3,386,970 3,420 28,500

2000 3,220,430 3,480 29,000

2001 3,327,370 3,400 29,000

2002 3,330,000 3,400 29,000

2003 3,330,000 3,400 29,000

2004 3,330,000 3,400 29,000 Source: FAO, EEA

According to International Trade Centre (ITC) 1986, total estimate of honey production for Ethiopia ranges from 21,480– 23,700 tones per annum between the years 1984-1994. This contributed 23.58% to total African honey production and 2.13% to total world production in 1976-1983. The current honey production estimated at 24,600 tones per year. The estimate based on 65% and 75% occupational efficiency of 7.5 million traditional and 20 thousand framed improved hives respectively. Honey is almost exclusively used (80% of it) to satisfy local demand; production of “Tej” alcoholic mead consumed locally. The honey produce is so crude that it will not compete in the international market. However, an average of 3000 tones per annum exported to neighbouring countries over the years 1984-94 (ITC, 2003).





Ethiopia is the fifth biggest wax exporters to the world market. The annual production of wax estimated at 3,200 tones, without considering beeswax wasted in the remote areas. Beeswax is a valuable hive product obtained from honeybees. It is a by-product of the honey production. Honey and beeswax separation is very traditional and the wastage level is very high. Holota research institute has found out that use of press separation can help to extract 50% more wax than the traditional manual extraction. Holota research centre found out ratios between crude honey and crude wax, crude wax and pure wax. From a beehive, 75% is honey and the rest 25% is crude wax. Beeswax largely collected from traditional hives rather than the modern hives, which presently promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and several NGOs. The wax yield from traditional hives is 8-10% of the honey yield, compared to 0.5-2 % from modern hives. The bulk of the supply of beeswax obtained as residual from “Tej” production, a mild alcoholic beverage popular throughout Ethiopia. According to ITC, report, export of beeswax have had difficult times in the last 5 years, showing an average growth rate of 1 % and even negative in period of 1999-2002. However, exports of beeswax from Ethiopia have increased spectacularly and reached 402 tones of beeswax (1.2% share in world market), destined to different countries (USA, Japan, Greece, Great Britain and Netherlands etc.), generating USD 936 thousands in 2003 (CBI, Nov 2004 and ITC, 2003). There are 16 companies registered as exporters of beeswax in the country. However, except four, many of these are not active. The lack of supply mentioned as one of the reason for many of them to remain inactive, not the absence of an international market. Three of the 16 are reported to be principal exporters, of which Ghion Industrial and Commercial PLC is the largest followed by Baobed PLC and BWAP Export PLC respectively. The former represented about 50% of the beeswax export of the country in 2003. Today private companies are coming up into honey and beeswax business. Beza Mar Agro industry, BWAP Export PLC, Amar honey collection, production and marketing, APINEC PLC, Harmony agricultural enterprise, East Shoa beekeepers association, Tutu and her family commercial PLC are actively working on the sub sector. They are organizing themselves to work jointly and trying to get into the world market. In the past four years, the exported volume of beeswax and the foreign earning enumerated in the table below. The annual beeswax sells quantity ranges from 207 tons and 525 tons has given a corresponding sells value of half a million USD and 1.4 million USD. The annual average sells per ton do not show too much inconsistency a change in volume of supply did not reduce the average earnings per ton.

Table 3 Export earning from Beeswax (1993-96 E.C)

Year (EC) Quantity (ton)

Value (Thousand USD)

Average price per ton (USD)

1993 311 870 2,797

1994 285 703 2,467

1995 207 500 2,415

1996 525 1,389 2,646 Source: Ethiopian Customs Authority and author’s calculation

The contribution of honey and non-honey products to Ethiopian export has significant difference. The table below indicates the percentage share of honey and beeswax. From





the total earnings, beeswax has a share of 99% both in value and in volume, which is a clear indication for the highest degree of contribution of the beeswax in many folds.

Table 4 Comparison between export earnings of Honey and Beeswax

Year (GC)

Volume (MT) Value (000 USD)

Average price

(USD/Ton)

Honey Beeswax Honey Beeswax Honey Beeswax

1999 7 267 27 913

3,857

3,419

2000 1 295 3 895

3,000

3,034

2001 1 53 1 146

1,000

2,755

2002 3 233 9 554

3,000

2,378

2003 6 402 12 936

2,000

2,328

Five years average share (%) 1 99 1 99 2,571 2,783 Source: FAO, EEA and authors calculation

For five successive years, the annual average price trends of honey and beeswax were in the range of 1000USD and 3900 USD per ton. The price of honey is unstable shifts up and dawn with in the range, but beeswax price trend is almost stable, higher and has the major share in volume of export sells.

Honey & beeswax average price in export market

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Five years

average

Year

US

D p

er

MT

Honey Beeswax

This sub sector has problems of market information, roads, packaging and means of transport from the farm site to the main routs is not suitable for honey. Fibber sacks and bags made of hides (Silicha) are the commonest containers to supply honey from rural areas to collection centres.

Trend of honey business in the local market

The consumption and competition of table honey in Addis Ababa and in some of the big

towns of the country is growing. Small shops and super markets are displaying well-





packed table honey processed locally and even imported. Promotion on table honey is

not yet popular, however; some companies started to display their product in trade fairs

in Addis Ababa. Introducing their products through different promotion tools, make panel

taste and collect feedback from visitors. The following table can indicate the local market

prices, which might show the beginning of competition between business enterprises on

table honey.





Table 5 Addis Ababa Market prices for half a kilo of table honey

Supplier Container capacity(gm) Retail selling price (EB)

Harmoney PLC 500 20

AMAR 500 14

Beza Mar 250 9.20

Beza Mar 500 17.25

Tutu & her family 500 17.60

Maskel flower 600 16.90

Kindest honey 500 14.95

Senho honey 500 14.95

Yeshi honey 500 14.60

Source: Author data collected in Addis Ababa market

Logistics for honey

Because of Tej honey has continuous local demand and the question of moisture content of honey is not important. Beeswax also has good local and foreign market but farmers are not benefiting from the wax business. Out of apiculture, sub sector the share of honey in foreign sells is almost none. Beeswax is the only exportable commodity, which is about 10% of the annual honey product. The role of the main product honey in foreign income is almost none but the by-product has significant contribution. Because of the moisture level of honey Ethiopia cannot compete in the world market but the volume of honey production is the highest in Africa. Like all livestock product the problem of means of transportation, handling and packaging are among market problems. Culturally honey is one of the livestock sub sector used by smallholders but like any agricultural commodity access to road, transport facilities, packages, containers, handling practices are still problems. The major damage in honey quality deterioration is poor handling and the hygroscopic nature of the product is either neglected or unknown. In the post harvest handling practice people are using packages like pots, skins, fertilizer bags and other containers which are not appropriate for honey. Most of the honey products means of transport from rural areas to the main routes or small village towns is using labor or drought animals. The following pictures indicate the post harvest handling and the mean of transport in areas where there is no route for trucks.





Market channel of honey During harvest, separation of honey from wax is not common most of the time honey and wax sold as one commodity. At the later stage especially in Tej brewing process the honey will be used and the by product will be transferred to the next channel and then the wax is extracted out of the crude collected from Tej house. Few beekeepers have started to separate at their production site and pack pure table honey from wax. Super markets and small retailers are the centre of distribution for table honey while the Tej houses and beeswax collectors are the important stakeholders for beeswax business.

Honey Producers

Honey & Beeswax Collectors

Honey Whole Sellers

Tej Houses Beeswax Collectors

Beeswax Exporters

Super markets & Honey retailers

Local Consumers Export Market





Steps needed to achieve EU accreditation for honey export: According to the trade fare conference held at Dublin Ireland, August 2005, the following are the key steps to have accreditation for honey export to EU market.

• Organization of the network: official and private channels

• Update honey standard (+ other bee products)

• Set up a monitoring plan for apiaries (traceability)

• Set up a monitoring plan for residues in bee products

• Submit everything to E.U. (DG SANCO D3)

But, the core requirement for importing honey into the EU is for the country in question to have a residue monitoring plan, approved by the EU. This plan is intended to assess the ability of the official services of the exporting country to ensure the safety of the honey with regard to residues of chemical substances in it. Due to concerns about food safety, residue monitoring plans are required from third countries for imports into the EU of all animals and products of animal origin. This is laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC of 29 April 1996 on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products (OJ L 125, 23/5/1996). Honey is considered as an animal product. The control of residues in honey is important to control the traces of any contamination that the bees have picked up. Three main groups of products are targeted for examination:

• Banned veterinary substances (such as chloramphenicol) • Authorised veterinary substances (but found in excess of their authorised limits,

such as antibiotics and insecticides) • Environmental pollutants (such as pesticides or heavy metals)

The following advices are given to happen in an apiary working for EU accreditation:

1. Do not treat the hives with antibiotics as a preventive measure. If antibiotics are necessary, you must take off the supers first, and make sure you follow the directions exactly.

2. Do not feed with syrup or sugar during honey flows 3. Recycle all super frames that have contained fermented honey or moldy pollen 4. Avoid excessive use of the smoker when harvesting, this can give a stale

tobacco taste to the honey and can contaminate it with tar residue 5. Always harvest frames that are well sealed (at least 70% is reasonable)

otherwise the moisture content will be too high and the honey will ferment 6. Care should be taken if using a chemical repellent for harvesting 7. Do not put supers on the ground but on an upturned hive cover 8. Extract the honey in a room protected from external humidity and bees 9. The floor, walls and partitions must have a waterproof surface that will not rot to

allow for efficient washing 10. Never heat honey above105° F 11. Machines and containers must be made of stainless steel or food-quality plastic.

If this is not possible any other material must be sealed with food-quality paint 12. Never smoke during extraction 13. Pre-filter honey as it leaves the extractor (for big chunks of wax)





14. Filter honey through a fine sieve (Nylon netting) as it goes into tanks and/or drums

15. Do not leave honey in hot rooms or places exposed to the sun 16. Prevent the honey from reabsorbing moisture by making sure tanks, drums and

containers are properly shut 17. Pollen sorting/cleaning cannot be done at the same time as honey

extraction 18. Work which does not include food products (preparing wax or frames for

example) must not be carried out at the same time as work with honey 19. The honey house must not be washed until all the honey has been

stored in airtight containers 20. No chemical products (detergents, glue for labels, medicines, herbicides, etc) are

allowed in the extraction room or the honey storeroom 21. Do not use any old oil drums even when waxed

4.2 Problem

4.3 Cause of the problem The major cause of the problem that affect apiculture in Ethiopia are lack of beekeeping knowledge, shortage of trained manpower, shortage of beekeeping equipment, pests and predators, fires, pesticide threat and inadequate research works to support development programs. The cultural beehives are not comfortable for sanitation and high level of production. Farmers are only using the sells of the honey and do no consider wax as means of income in their business. They do not use proper harvesting of honey and do not have honey and wax separator. The moisture content of the product is beyond the standard range and critical for the business. Farmers fail to supply honey with standard moisture content and needs improvement. According to Holota beekeeping research centre, the major causes for honey quality deterioration are backward post harvest handling practices. The limitations of apiculture know how especially the method of harvest and lack of proper apiary tools are causing the honey to be with high moisture content. The volume of production is very small and needs routine collection from fragmented small-scale production. Above all the backward and forward linkages between the business community is not at satisfactory level and do not have the forum to share their business knowledge and idea for common development. They are powerless to resolve their common problems and even do not know each other. 4.4 Potential Intervention Points

1. Changing the production system an introduction of modern beehives and trainings on apiculture farming to crop good quality honey

2. Supporting and demonstrating practical apicultural tools, demonstrating proper premises and extraction facilities are helpful to reduce the level of quality deterioration

3. Establish linkages between apiculture farmers and private business capable to transfer technologies appropriate to farmers for common benefit. And

4. Working on organic lines helps to compete better in the world market.

• High moisture content of honey has hindered the export potential.





The following six diagrams summarize the present supply chain of honey and beeswax; mention the main players in the chain, present potential interventions at micro, meso and macro levels and recommend potential areas of interventions during the pilot phase of the program. 4.5 Value Chain Diagrams The Value chain is a high-level model of how honey and beeswax businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the honey and bees wax through various processes, and sell finished purified table honey; crude honey and bees wax products to customers. It involves all the process from the market point back to the beginning of activities usually between input supplies and product marketing to local and foreign markets. This project is to assess and identify activities that can bring changes in the business channel of a product starting from input supply and end up at consumer markets. So as possible intervention areas on the existing honey and beeswax business and bottlenecks that hinder the flow of the business activities detected and alleviated by way of technical training, technological change, and financial intermediation support or all through participatory approach. Supports on the envisaged activities behind the market could possibly bring positive changes because of participatory and action learning implementation approach with all the concerned stakeholders with in the value chain. The following diagram may illustrate the concept and the dimension of value chain starting from input supply side and ends at sells point, and one can imagine the possible stakeholders along the chain, the activities in each part of the chain, interdependence and linkages between each other. The knowledge, the cost involved, economic impact and so many social and economic factors are interlinked.

Under Ethiopian situation the traditional, transitional and modern bee keeping practices are on going. However, change in the production system is believed to improve the quantity and the quality of honey. Traditional honey management practice does not allow inspection of the bee colony and the change of fixed comb to movable comb is appropriate to improve the quality deterioration during pre harvest. Immediate

Input supply

Bee

Keeping

Processing

Logistics

Sells

Consumer

Description of the concept of value chain





processing and improving the packages and the handling might reduce the degree of deterioration during post harvest handling practice. Never the less improving the pre harvest handling at farmers gate can help a lot more in harvesting good quality honey.





Management

Of beehives

Harvesting Of Honey And Wax

Honey Extraction And Cleaning

Inspection Delivery to Port, Export

Distribution Retail sale of

Honey

Diagram 1: Value Chain Honey& Beeswax – The Supply Process

Delivery to Exporter

Import Europe Food

Grading and Packing of Honey

Transport

Local use

Maintenance Of bee Population

Bulk Storage


Inspection Delivery to Port, export

Construction Of German/ Kenyan hives

Sale of wax to Collecting Wholesaler

Transport Import Europe Non food

Tej

Brew

Cleaning And Bulking

Local hives & Forest honey

Wax

Collection Tuaff

Packaging Into Retail Container





Diagram 2: Value Chain Honey & Beeswax – THE CHAIN LEADERS

Producer

groups

Wholesalers

Management

Of beehives


Honey Extraction

And Cleaning


Distribution

Local hives &

Forest honey


Import Europe

Food market

Grading and Packing of

Honey

Transport

Local use

Maintenance of Bee

Population

Bulk Storage



Construction Of German/

Kenyan hives

Sale of wax to Collecting

Wholesaler

Transport Import Europe

Non food

Tej

Brew

Cleaning And

Bulking

International

buyer

Exporter

Wax

Collection Tuaff

Packaging Into retail Container





Diagram 3: Value Chain Honey & Beeswax – POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS AT MICRO LEVEL

Introduction of hives

Training in maintenance

Technology of honey extraction

Access to equipment

Marketing

support

Management

Of beehives





Honey


Import Europe Food


Transport

Local use

Maintenance of Bee

Bulk Storage





Transport Import Europe Non food

Tej

Brew



Wax Collection

Tuaff






Diagram 4: Value Chain Honey & Beeswax – POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS AT MESO LEVEL

Linking exporter and wholesaler to producer groups Introduction of organic certification to supply chain and cooperation with organic coffee

exporters Setting-up of an information network

Management of quality in the supply chain and exclusion of impurities

Management

Of beehives





Honey


Import Europe

Food market


Honey

Transport

Local use

Maintenance of Bee

Population

Bulk Storage



Construction Of German/

Kenyan hives

Sale of wax to Collecting

Wholesaler


Non food

Tej

Brew

Cleaning And

Bulking

Local hives &

Forest honey

Wax

Collection Tuaff






Diagram 5: Value Chain Honey & Beeswax – POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS AT MACRO LEVELS

� Via Ethiopian Quality Authority setting up quality testing facilities especially for organic products,

� via Ministry of Agriculture provide service in disease management for bee population, � promotion of apiculture as part of environmental improvement

Management

Of beehives




Distribution

Tuaff

Retail sale of

Honey


Import Europe

Food market


Honey

Transport

Local use

Maintenance of Bee

Bulk Storage






Non food

Tej

Brew

Cleaning And

Bulking


Wax Collection






Management

Of beehives

Harvesting Of honey And wax

Honey Extraction And cleaning


Distribution

Tuaff

Retail sale& Nitch export market


Import Europe Food


Transport

Local use

Maintenance of Bee

Bulk Storage





Transport Import Europe Non food Market

Tej

Brew


Diagram 6: Value Chain Honey & Beeswax – AREAS OF STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS IN PILOT PHASE

Area I: Quality Improvement in rural areas Area II: Processing Equipment Area III: Promotion of non-honey products Area IV: Development of organic lines

Area III

Area I

Area IV

Area II

Wax

Collection

Packaging Into retail Container

Local hives & Forest

Local market





4.6 Objective of Strategic Intervention

The objective of the intervention focuses on the commercialisation of apiculture and the creation of cash income out of non-farming activities. The entry point will be determined by the involved apiary cultivation units and marketing companies at stake. 1. Introduction of modern beehives and trainings on apiculture farming 2. Supporting and demonstrating practical apicultural tools for small holders 3. Establish linkages between apiculture farmers and private business capable to

transfer technologies appropriate to farmers and work for common benefit 4. Development of organic lines 5. Development and promotion of non-honey products 6. Management of quality in the supply chain and exclusion of impurities

4.7 Result Indicators Quality of marketable honey is increased, appropriate processing equipment is in place and operates, the export of non-honey product is improved and new organic lines of honey are developed. 4.8 Impact Hypothesis

• Improve traditional honey harvest and increase honey supply and quality

• Increase farmers’ income and create business linkages

• Technology transfer and learning process between farmers and the business community involved in honey and bees wax sub sector

• Table 4 indicated the change of total profit from 40.32 to 60.88 EB

Table 6 Expected changes due to intervention program

Table honey

Present Situation (2005) Improved Situation (2010)

Honey Yield/local

hive (kg)

Unit Price (Birr/kg)

Sales Value (Birr)

Purified Honey

Yield/modern hive

(kg)

Unit Price

(Birr/kg)

Sales Value (Birr)

Average yield per hive 6 - - 20 - - Average sales at retail level 5.4 17 92 19.6 36 706 Average sales at farm gate 5.4 12 65 19.6 32 627 Average profit 5.4 5 27 19.6 4 52 Bees wax 10% of honey local hive

0.6 22.21 13.32 - - -

Bees wax 2% of honey improved hive

- - - 0.4 22.21 8.88

Total profit 40.32 60.88

• Commercialization of value added honey and honey by products improved.





4.9 Activities of Intervention

Pilot Phase Intervention:

1. Planting of indigenous bee forages /shrubs, trees etc/ 2. Organize women to fabricate quality protective cloth from locally available

material /MSEs/ 3. Finance motorized wax foundation mould for modern hive. 4. Facilitate the finance of multi-purpose woodwork machine to fabricate hives for

MSEs. 5. Revolving fund for hive purchase for farmers /out growers /

6. Provide technology to produce non–wood frame hives.

7. Integrate research development institutions. 8. Establish training and back stopping partnerships with farmers /from technology

to markets/ 9. Technical training on hives preparation, use of better tools and equipment, and

improve beekeeping management. 10. Identification of honey by region, location and type of vegetation. 11. Facilitate purchase and utilization of refraction meter at collection centre at

company level. 12. Provision of quality testing equipment 13. To finance the purchase of moisture reducer company level. (Intermediate

technology) 14. To support the construction of honey collection centre. 15. Extraction equipments centrifuge press scale and strainers. 16. Plan standard processing centre at company level 17. Facilitate purchase of the following equipments by companies’ filtration moderate

heating packaging and stirring. 18. To finance different types of glass moulds to fabricate standard and attractive

honey containers. 19. Training on the appropriate use of the improved processing equipments 20. Finance the purchase of light Pick up and trucks for honey transportation form

field to processing centre. 21. Enable companies to purify standardize wax by providing access to wax melting

filtration and packaging equipment. 22. Engage chamber of commerce in export promotion. 23. Engage women entrepreneurs association in export promotion. 24. Engage women entrepreneurs association in exporters. 25. Design website for honey and wax exporters. 26. Encourage export promotion department to link Ethiopian embassies to promote

wax. 27. Identify and invite potential clients to Ethiopia to assess potential sales contracts. 28. Assist the establishment of honey and bees wax producers and exporters

association. 29. Identify areas for development of new organic lines.





30. Identify appropriate agencies for certification (organic). 31. Assist actors in identified areas in fulfilment of certification requirement.

At micro level:

• Introduce modern beehives

• Trainings on apiculture farming

• Support working tools of apiculture

• Technical equipment for processing

• Training in quality management

• Marketing support

At meso level:

• Linking exporter and wholesalers to producer groups

• Introduction of organic certification to supply chain and cooperation with organic coffee exporters

• Setting-up of an information network between the business group

• Management of quality in the supply chain and exclusion of impurities

• Establish business development service between honey and wax suppliers and private company

At macro level:

• Via Ethiopian Quality Authority setting up quality testing facilities especially for organic products,

• via Ministry of Agriculture provide service in disease management for bee population,

• promotion of apiculture as part of environmental improvement

4.10 Implementation Concept - Pilot Phase During the pilot phase the program will

• Support at least four selected intervention areas of the value chain.

• Each selected intervention area will produce its own impact.

• At the same time, all interventions should result in an improvement of the entire chain.

• The program will only work under request, meaning the chain actors have to prepare a request.

• However, in order to speed up the process the program provides direct support as deemed necessary and according to the available capacity.

The strategic planning workshop out put has indicated the detailed activities of the intervention areas based on the planned objective that can resolve the identified problem and bottlenecks of the value chain. Potential partners like local and international NGOs, BDS providers, public and private business institutions expected to have bigger role, contacts facilitated, and degree of cooperation on the selected strategic intervention areas would be what the partner can contribute to the program. Strengthening client relationship and partner relationship will be encouraged to make request able partner





through contacts, meetings, visits and workshops. The radial diagram illustrates the relationship.

The output of the workshop detailed in the following log frame and designed to be suited for monitoring and evaluation of the pilot phase.

NGOs

Public

Enterprises

Business

Companies

Others

BDS Providers

CLEINTS

BOAM





Table 7 Workshop Output for Honey & Beeswax Value Chain in the Pilot Phase

Objective Result Indicator Activities

Commercialization of value added honey and honey by products improved.

3Oi-1: Kilogram Price of centrifuged purified honey has raised by 20% (in main harvesting season) 3Oi-2: FOB value of wax increased by 15% against last 3 years average. 3Oi-3: Technical organization and prerequisites organic certification are fulfilled.

3R-1: Quality of marketable honey is increased.

3R-1-i1: The moisture level for marketable honey is lower than 18%.

3R-1-a1: Introduce plant material of indigenous bee forages /shrubs, trees etc/ 3R-1-a2: Organize women to fabricate quality protective cloth from locally available material /MSEs/ 3R-1-a3: Finance the finance of motorized wax foundation mould for modern hives. 3R-1-a4: Explore access to non-funded financial facilities.

3R-1-a5: Propose technology to produce none wood frame hives.

3R-1-a6: Integrate research development institutions in quality improvement.

3R-1-a7: Establish training measures in quality improvement. 3R-1-a8: Provide technical training on hives preparation and beekeeping management. 3R-1-a9: Identify and classify honey by the type of its vegetation. 3R-1-a10: Facilitate the finance to purchase and utilization of refraction meter at collection centre at company level.





3R-2: Appropriate processing equipment is in place and operates.

3R-2-i1: Two companies out of five adopt and use appropriate processing equipment.

3R-2-a1: Facilitate the purchase of moisture reducer company level. (intermediate technology) 3R-2-a2: Facilitate to finance the construction of collection centre. 3R-2-a3: Facilitate to finance for the purchase of equipments like centrifuge press scale and strainers. 3R-2-a4: Create company owned pilot collection and extraction outlets. 3R-2-a5: Facilitate the finance for the purchase of equipments by companies. 3R-2-a6: Develop appropriate packaging concept. 3R-2-a7: Provide training on the appropriate use of the improved processing equipments.

3R-3: The export of non-honey product is improved.

3R-3-i1: Sales contracts with international buyers are increased by 10%.

3R-3-a1: To engage chamber of commerce in export promotion 3R-3-a2: To engage women entrepreneurs association in export promotion 3R-3-a3: To design website for honey and wax exporters 3R-3-a4: To encourage export promotion department to link Ethiopian embassies to promote wax 3R-3-a5: To identify and invite potential clients to Ethiopia to assess potential sales contracts 3R-3-a6: Assist the establishment of honey and bees wax producers and exporters association.

3R-4: New organic lines of honey are developed.

3R-4- i1: The application procedure for organic honey line completed and certification process initiated.

3R-4-a1: To identify geographical areas for development of new organic lines 3R-4-a2: To identify appropriate agencies for certification (organic) 3R-4-a3: To assist actors in identified areas in fulfilment of certification requirement.

Holetta bee research centre, Agricultural colleges Jimma, Ambo, Addis Ababa university, micro and small trade productivity production and quality improvement centre TVETS, and Debub university. Financial institutions: Bank of Abyssinia, Oromia cooperative bank, Awash international Bank, Micro finance institution. Export promotion Department, Chamber of commerce, Women entrepreneurs, Association women exporters, Forum ministry of trade and industry micro and small enterprise association. BCS OKO SKAL, Ethiopian Quality Standard Authority.





Table 8 SWOT analysis for honey & beeswax in priority order of internal & external forces

Internal Analysis External Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

Suitable agro ecology with good number of local hives.

Low level of knowledge of beekeeping and post harvest handling practice

The culture of Tej brew is good market for unprocessed honey.

Environmental deterioration, deforestation and burning of forest are damaging the potential flora.

Potential for organic honey. Use of traditional hives and low level of modern Apiculture practice.

EQS for hives honey & beeswax is ready for implementation.

Uses of pesticides are expanding.

Low level disease infestation. Not commercialized and no sustainable supply of honey and beeswax.

Honey has social acceptance as food & healing product.

Low level purchasing power of table honey in local market.

High moisture content Sustainable demand for beeswax in international market.





Table: 9 List of stakeholders for honey and other selected value chains

List of actors in the BOAM

program

Selected value chain

A= Main actors B= supporting institutions C= Consultation group Contact person & address

Milk & milk

products

Edible oil & oil seeds

Honey &

beeswax

Pineapple Expected relation

I. CLIENTS:

1.1.Business companies and individual business men

1.1.1. Sebeta agro-industry x BDS Provider A Ato Mohamed Ahmed Tel. 01-537258,Fax 01-523099

1.1.2.Beza mar agro industry PLC x BDS Provider A Ato Hailegiorgis Demmise Tel.09-201686, 01-505099

1.1.3.Apinec apiculture development & trading PLC

x BDS Provider A Ato Woubshet Adugna Tel.07-311020,09-407360

1.1.4.BWAP export PLC x supplier A Ato Daniel Admasu Tel. 09-217266,01-626362

1.1.5.Tutu and her family commercial PLC

x supplier A Ato Eyob Assefa Tel.09-433163, 01-531763

1.1.6.Harmony agricultural PLC x supplier A Ato Solomon Osman Tel.09-213358, 01-112786

1.1.7.Century general trading PLC x supplier Ato Zewge Jemaneh Tel.09-205826,01-765182

1.1.8. Axumite coffee and fruit exporter plc

x BDSP A Ato Tesfaye Teklehaimanot Tel.01-391459,Fax 01-393674

1.1.9. Segel trading PLC x BDSP B Ato Seifu Weldemicael Tel.01-552983,01-667101,09-204373

1.1.10.Private milk collectors x suppliers To be identified and contacted

1.2. Business associations

1.2.1. Ethiopian honey & beeswax producers and exporters association

x suppliers A





1.2.2. East shewa beekeepers association

x suppliers Ato Abu Negeso Tel.09-643099,02-122494

1.2.3. Adama women milk producers x suppliers W.ro Tsehai Abebe

association Tel.02-127206,02-118140

1.2.4. Adama oil mill owners association

x Processors A Ato Bezu Beyene-09-247701

1.2.5. Addis Ababa oil mill owners association

x Processors A Ato Mulugeta Tegegn -09242211

1.2.6.National Beekeepers association

x Experience sharing & market linkage

A Ato

1.3. Cooperatives/unions

1.3.1. Ambo oil crop farmers cooperative union

x suppliers A Ato Dechasa Fufa Tel.01362297,09-105121

1.3.2. Didaa oil crop farmers cooperative union

x suppliers A Ato Kebede Seifu Tel.02-430130

1.3.3. Selale Milk producers cooperatives union

x suppliers A Ato Kibret Lema Tel.09-122916

1.3.4. Teso pineapple producers cooperative

x suppliers A

1.3.5. Adaa Lliben milk producer cooperatives

x suppliers A Ato Mituku Tadele Tel.09400424

1.3.6. Kaffa honey producing farmers union

x suppliers A

II. PARTNERS:

2.1.Bilateral and international organizations

2.1.1.USAID Technical support & experience sharing

C To be identified

2.1.2.CIDA Technical support & experience sharing

C To be identified

2.1.3.SIDA Technical support & experience sharing

C To be identified

2.1.4.Irish development cooperation Technical support & experience sharing

C Tel.665050

2.1.5.ILRI/IPMS project x x x Experience sharing, training & Laboratory service

A Dr.Azage Tegegn Tel.09-246442,01-463215

2.1.6.UNIDO x x x x Training & food safety Dr.Mulat 01-444040





2.2 NGOs

2.2.1.VOCA/Ethiopia x x x x Coop. development & training

A Ato Worku Mekasha 01-534650

2.2.2.SHDI x x x x Coop. development & training

A Dr.Awol Mela Tel. 01-522313,01-522072

2.2.3.ICCO x x x x Coop. development & training

A

2.2.4.SOS Sahel x Coop. development & training

A Ato Feyera Abdi 01-160279/167583

2.2.5.Center for promotion of export from developing countries (CBI)

x x x x Training & market development

C

2.2.6.International fair trade foundation

x x Market development C Miss. Dena 09-222388

2.2.7.Growing Ethiopian Market(GEM)/DAI

x x x Market development B Ato Getu Reta Tel.09/414069

2.2.8. Farm Africa x Coop. development & training

C

2.3.Universities and Research Institutions

2.3.1.Melkassa agricultural research centre

x Research C Ato Endale Moshe 09-823444,06-205791(Zonal coop.)Ato Didimos O6-240504 (Woreda coop)

2.3.2.Awassa agricultural research institute

x Research A Dr. Daniel Dawero 06-204000

2.3.3.Jimma agricultural research institute

x Research B to be identified

2.3.4.EARO x x x x Technical advice C Dr.Tsedeke Abate Tel.01-462270,462633

2.3.5.Holotta agricultural research centre

x Research A Ato Desalegn Begna 09-890703 Dr.Nuru Adgaba 09-163810

2.3.6.Debub university research department

x Tissue culture B Dr.Girma Abebe Tel.06-204738

2.4.Government Institutions

2.4.1.Ministry of Trade and Industry

x x x x Legal issues &Market development

A Ato Dendena Tel.01-518025

2.4.2.Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia (QSAE)

x x x x Quality and standard issues A Ato Sisay Asefe Tel.01-460111,01-460515





2.4.3.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

x x x x Extension & training A to be identified

2.4.4.Federal cooperative commission

x x x x Cooperative development B Ato Bedru Dedgeba

2.4.5.Ethiopian export promotion department

x x x Market development A Ato Dendena Tel.01-518025

2.4.6.Ethiopian fruit and vegetable marketing

x Technical support C Ato Sisay Kibret 01-517005

2.4.7.SNNPRS cooperative promotion office

x x Cooperative development & extension,

A Ato Zenebe Tel.09-823421, 06-210056

2.4.8.Oromia cooperative promotion office

x x Cooperative development & extension,

A Ato Kebede Assefa 09-687687,01-420175

2.4.9.SNNPRS micro & small trade and industry bureau

x x BDS and market linkage development.

A Ato Tariku Teka Tel.06-210478,09-665789

2.4.10.Oromia trade ,transport and industry Division

x x Transport and legal issues facilitation

A Ato Kumsa Legese Tel.02-112261

2.4.11.Oromia micro and small enterprise development division

x x BDS and market linkage development

A Ato Kudhama Bedada Tel.02-128481,02-128483

2.4.12.Oromia BoFED x x Facilitation for “public goods” A Ato Alemayehu Sambi Tel.09-607092,01-527251

2.4.14.SNNPRS BoFED x x Facilitation for “public goods” A Ato Ambachew Deres Tel.06-214133,06-201728

2.4.15.SNNPRS Export promotion Bureau

x x market linkage development A Ato Teshome Menjur 06-206582,06-206581

2.4.15.Ethiopian Customs Authority x x x Export marketing A

2.5.Chamber of Commerce & Business Organizations

2.5.1. Ethiopian chamber of commerce (ECC)

x x x x Policy forum & coordination tasks

A Ato Andualem Tegegn 09-253321 01-518240

2.5.2.Addis Ababa chamber of Commerce(AACC)

Policy forum & coordination tasks

A Ato Hailemeskel Abebe Tel .01513814

2.5.3. Adama chamber of commerce x x Policy forum & coordination tasks

A Ato Gezahegn Dadi Tel. 09-245007,02-112083





2.5.4. Awassa chamber of commerce

x x Policy forum & coordination tasks

A Ato Melese Mengesha 06-206051

2.5.5.Ethiopian manufacturing industries association

x x x Policy forum & coordination tasks

B Ato Asrat /Ato Samuel Tel. 01-512384

2.5.6. Adama women entrepreneurs association

x x Linking women with the value chains

A W/ro Roman Diksiso Tel.09-463450

2.5.7.Awasa women entrepreneurs association

x x Linking women with the value chains

A W/ro Amsale Negash Tel.06 201151

2.5.8. Addis Ababa Women entrepreneurs association

Linking women with the value chains

A W/ro Tsehai Belaineh Tel.09-209236,01-627055

2.5.9.Ethiopian oil seed exporters Association

x Coordination tasks B Ato Elias Geneti, Tel.01-505595

2.5.10.Ethiopian horticulture producers & exporters association

x Experience sharing & coordination

C Ato Alem Shumie Tel.01-636751

2.6.Financial Institutions*

2.6.1.Awash international Bank x x x x Financing B Ato Leikun Birhanu Tel.01614482/85

2.6.2.Oromia cooperative Bank x x Financing B

2.6.3.Bank of Abyssinia x x x x Financing B Ato Kebede Temesgen Tel.01530663,01533847

2.6.4.NIB International Bank x x x x Financing B Ato Amerga Kassa Tel.09208098

2.6.5.MFI x x x x Financing B Further to be contacted

2.7. Private companies & Consultants

2.7.1. Yilma Global Consult x x x x BDS Provider A Dr. Zewdu 09- 613058

2.7.2. Birtunet PLC BDS Provider A Ato Negash 09-405399

2.7.3. Agro- processing & marketing consult (APMC)

x BDS Provider A Dr.Menwuyellet Moussie 09-641948

2.7.4.Frieght forward companies x x transport & facilitation services

B To be identified

2.7.5.Packaging industries x x x x Packaging services B To be identified

2.7.6 ACABT x x x x BDS provider B Y.Agonafir 09/665143





Table 10 Plan of operation for honey and bees wax value chain

3. Honey and Beeswax Objective: Commercialization of value added honey and honey by products improved. Objective indicator 3.1: Kilogram Price of centrifuged purified honey has raised by 20% (in main harvesting season) Objective indicator 3.2: FOB value of wax increased by 15% against last 3 years average. Objective indicator 3.3: Technical organization and prerequisites organic certification are fulfilled

Result 3.1: Quality of marketable honey is increased. Indicator 3.1.1: The moisture level for marketable honey is lower than 18%.

Activities Responsible 8/05

9/05

10/05

11/05

12/05

1/06

2/06

3/06

4/06

5/06

6/06

7/06

8/06

9/06

10/06

11/06

12/06

1/07

3.1.1 Plant indigenous bee forages /shrubs, trees etc/.

BDS provider

3.1.2 Organize women to fabricate quality protective cloth from locally available material /MSEs/.

MSE Offices

3.1.3 Facilitate the finance of motorized wax foundation mould for modern hives.

PMU/BDS providers

3.1.4 Propose technology to produce none wood frame hives.

PMU/BDS providers

3.1.5 Integrate research development institutions in quality improvement.

PMU

3.1.6 Establish training measures in quality improvement.

BDS providers

3.1.7 Provide technical training on hives preparation and beekeeping management.

BDS providers

3.1.8 Identify and classify honey by the type of its vegetation.

BDS providers

3.1.9 Facilitate the finance to purchase and utilization of

BDS providers





refraction meter at collection centre and at company level.

Result 3.2: Appropriate processing equipment is in place and operates. Indicator 3.2.1: Two companies out of five adopt and use appropriate processing equipment.


9/05

10/05

11/05

12/05

1/06

2/06

3/06

4/06

5/06

6/06

7/06

8/06

9/06

10/06

11/06

12/06

1/07

3.2.1 Facilitate the finance to the purchase of moisture reducer at company level (intermediate technology).

PMU/BDS providers

3.2.2 Facilitate to finance the construction of collection centre.

PMU/BDS providers

3.2.3 Facilitate to finance equipments like centrifuge press scale and strainers.

PMU/BDS providers

3.2.4 Create company owned pilot collection and extraction out lets

BDS providers

3.2.5 Facilitate the finance for the purchase of equipments by the companies

PMU/BDS providers

3.2.6 Develop appropriate packaging concept

PMU

3.2.7 Provide training on the appropriate use of the improved processing equipments.

PMU/BDSP /Partners

Result 3.3: The export of non honey product is improved. Indicator 3.3.1: Sales contracts with international buyers are increased by 10%.

Activities Responsible 8/05 9/05

10/05

11/05

12/05

1/06

2/06

3/06

4/06

5/06

6/06

7/06

8/06

9/06

10/06

11/06

12/06

1/07

3.3.1 To engage chamber of commerce in export promotion.

BDSP

3.3.2 To engage women entrepreneurs association in export promotion.

PMU/Partners

3.3.3 To design website for honey and wax exporters.

PMU





3.3.4 To encourage export promotion department to link Ethiopian embassies to promote wax.

Ministry of Trade & Industry

3.3.5 To identify and invite potential clients to Ethiopia to assess potential sales contracts

PMU/BDSP

3.3.6 Assist the establishment of honey and bees wax producers and exporters association.

PMU/Client

Result 3.4: New organic lines of honey are developed. Indicator 3.4.1: The application procedure for organic honey line completed and certification process initiated.


9/05

10/05

11/05

12/05

1/06

2/06

3/06

4/06

5/06

6/06

7/06

8/06

9/06

10/06

11/06

12/06

1/07

3.4.1 To identify geographic areas for development of new organic lines.

BDSP

3.4.2 To identify appropriate agencies for certification (organic).

PMU/BDSP /Partners

3.4.3 To assist actors in identified areas in fulfilment of certification requirement.

PMU/BDSP/EQSA

HONEY & BEESWAX VALUE CHAINS - Bees for … Intervention Plan, SNV/Ethiopia, Tel 2511654386/87/89/...

Documents

Transcript of HONEY & BEESWAX VALUE CHAINS - Bees for … Intervention Plan, SNV/Ethiopia, Tel 2511654386/87/89/...