Hon US Ch 6 notes BB

8/3/2019 Hon US Ch 6 notes BB

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The Origin of AmericanThe Origin of American

Politics, 1789Politics, 1789--18201820Chapter six notesChapter six notes


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Liberty Versus Order ObjectivesLiberty Versus Order Objectives

Students will evaluate AlexanderStudents will evaluate AlexanderHamiltonHamiltons program for dealing withs program for dealing withnational and state debt.national and state debt.

Students will find out how foreign policyStudents will find out how foreign policyissues divided America.issues divided America.

Students will analyze the issues that led toStudents will analyze the issues that led tothe emergence of political parties.the emergence of political parties.


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ATB!ATB!

"A government ought to contain in itself every power"A government ought to contain in itself every powerrequisite to the full accomplishment of the objectsrequisite to the full accomplishment of the objectscommitted to its care, and to the completecommitted to its care, and to the complete

execution of the trusts for which it is responsible,execution of the trusts for which it is responsible,free from every other control but a regard to thefree from every other control but a regard to thepublic good and to the sense of the people."public good and to the sense of the people."

What do you think is more important in our societyWhat do you think is more important in our societyLiberty or Order?Liberty or Order?


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The Search For StabilityThe Search For Stability

Washington's CabinetWashington's Cabinet

Washington appointed the best andWashington appointed the best and

brightest to his cabinet regardless ofbrightest to his cabinet regardless ofideological differencesideological differences

Fundamental disagreements within thisFundamental disagreements within thisdiverse and talented cabinet resulted indiverse and talented cabinet resulted intwenty years of party divisionstwenty years of party divisions


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Henry KnoxSecretary of WarThomas JeffersonSecretary of State


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Edmund RandolphAttorney General

Alexander HamiltonSecretary of the Treasury


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That the government, though notThat the government, though notabsolutely perfect, is one of the best in theabsolutely perfect, is one of the best in theworld, I have little doubtIt was indeedworld, I have little doubtIt was indeednext to a miracle that there should havenext to a miracle that there should have

been so much agreement, in points of suchbeen so much agreement, in points of suchimportance, among such a number ofimportance, among such a number ofCitizens, so widely scattered, and soCitizens, so widely scattered, and so

different in their habits in many respects asdifferent in their habits in many respects asthe Americans were.the Americans were.George WashingtonGeorge Washington


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The public debtThe public debt

Hamilton made dealingHamilton made dealingwith the $75 millionwith the $75 millionpublic debt his toppublic debt his topprioritypriority

He proposed paying allHe proposed paying allof the old Congressof the old Congressssdebtsdebts

He recommended thatHe recommended thatstate debts also bestate debts also be

assumedassumed by the federalby the federalgovernmentgovernment

He wanted all creditorsHe wanted all creditorsto look to the centralto look to the central

government for paymentgovernment for payment


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Jeffersonian RepublicansJeffersonian Republicans Strict constructionistsStrict constructionists Favored paying offFavored paying off

debtdebt

ProPro--agricultureagriculture

Against standingAgainst standingarmies and naviesarmies and navies

Common men shouldCommon men shouldhold powerhold power

ProPro--FrenchFrench Slaveholders, artisans,Slaveholders, artisans,

tradespeople,tradespeople,commerical farmerscommerical farmers


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Hamiltonian FederalistsHamiltonian Federalists

Loose constructionistsLoose constructionists

Favored keeping debtFavored keeping debt

ProPro--businessbusiness

Favored standing armiesFavored standing armiesand naviesand navies

Wealthy, educated menWealthy, educated menshould hold powershould hold power

ProPro--BritishBritish

Businessmen from NE,Businessmen from NE,professionals, artisans,professionals, artisans,ministers, people happyministers, people happywith the status quo.with the status quo.


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Paying the public debtPaying the public debt Hamilton wanted a large and permanent national debtHamilton wanted a large and permanent national debt New bonds would be issued to pay off the old onesNew bonds would be issued to pay off the old ones Creditors would have a permanent stake in the welfareCreditors would have a permanent stake in the welfare

of the new governmentof the new governmentAn excise tax on whiskey was passed by CongressAn excise tax on whiskey was passed by CongressA tariff was approved to generate incomeA tariff was approved to generate income

Receipt for whiskey tax payment


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Conflicts Across the AtlanticConflicts Across the AtlanticThe French RevolutionThe French Revolution

Federalists supportedFederalists supportedsending assistance tosending assistance tothe Monarchy to honorthe Monarchy to honor

our alliance from theour alliance from theRevolutionRevolution

Republicans supportedRepublicans supportedthe ideals of thethe ideals of the

revolution in adoptingrevolution in adoptinga democracy anda democracy anddispelling a monarchydispelling a monarchy


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Conflicts Across the AtlanticConflicts Across the AtlanticEnglandEngland

England seized American ships trading with theEngland seized American ships trading with theFrench in the West IndiesFrench in the West Indies

Washington dispatched ChiefJustice John Jay toWashington dispatched ChiefJustice John Jay to

England to resolve the crisis and negotiate a treatyEngland to resolve the crisis and negotiate a treaty


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Citizen GenetCitizen Genet

Edmond Genet, theEdmond Genet, theFrench minister to theFrench minister to theUS tried to win supportUS tried to win support

for the war againstfor the war againstEnglandEngland

When he tried toWhen he tried torecruit Americans torecruit Americans to

fight in the Frenchfight in the Frencharmy Washingtonarmy Washingtonordered him out of theordered him out of thecountrycountry


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Political PolarizationPolitical Polarization

The situation wasThe situation wasexacerbated whenexacerbated whenEngland and FranceEngland and France

went to war in 1793went to war in 1793 Washington issued aWashington issued a

Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamationwhich angered many inwhich angered many in

the US who believedthe US who believedwe were honorwe were honor--boundboundto aid Franceto aid France


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The Jay TreatyThe Jay Treaty

JayJays Treaty establisheds Treaty establishedcommercial ties withcommercial ties withBritain but the US receivedBritain but the US receivedno compensation forno compensation forseized goodsseized goods

The British were given 18The British were given 18months to evacuate fortsmonths to evacuate fortsin NW Territoryin NW Territory

Many accused theMany accused theadministration of betrayingadministration of betraying

France and the AmericanFrance and the Americanpeople to benefit thepeople to benefit themerchantsmerchants


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The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

Farmers in Western PA refusedFarmers in Western PA refusedto pay the tax and terrorized theto pay the tax and terrorized thetax collectorstax collectors

Washington met this challengeWashington met this challengeto federal authority by leadingto federal authority by leading15,000 militia to Pa. to quell the15,000 militia to Pa. to quell therebellionrebellion

The farmers dispersed and theThe farmers dispersed and therebellion collapsedrebellion collapsed

This was the initial example ofThis was the initial example of

the continuing conflict betweenthe continuing conflict betweenminority rights and majority ruleminority rights and majority ruleunder the new constitutionunder the new constitution


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The Election of 1796The Election of 1796

John Adams, aJohn Adams, aFederalist and proFederalist and pro--British was electedBritish was elected

PresidentPresident Thomas Jefferson, aThomas Jefferson, a

Republican and proRepublican and pro--French was electedFrench was elected

ViceVice--PresidentPresident


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WashingtonWashingtons Farewell Addresss Farewell Address

Washington decided against a 3Washington decided against a 3rdrd term in 1796term in 1796and sent his farewell message to Congressand sent his farewell message to Congress

In it he warned ofIn it he warned ofentangling alliancesentangling alliances and theand the

dangers ofdangers offactionsfactions


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TheThe XYZ AffairXYZ AffairAdams first crisis was French seizure ofAdams first crisis was French seizure of

American merchant ships in retaliation for theAmerican merchant ships in retaliation for theJay TreatyJay Treaty

He sent negotiators to France to try and resolveHe sent negotiators to France to try and resolve

the problemsthe problems American diplomats were insulted when FrenchAmerican diplomats were insulted when French

agents asked for bribes before talks could beginagents asked for bribes before talks could beginin thein the XYZ AffairXYZ Affair


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XYZ Affair VideoXYZ Affair Video


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Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

The Federalists inThe Federalists inCongress passed theCongress passed the

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

to maintain nationalto maintain nationalsecuritysecurity

Criticism of theCriticism of thegovernment was notgovernment was notallowedallowed

Aliens could beAliens could bedeporteddeported


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Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsVirginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Jefferson and MadisonJefferson and Madisonargued that the Alien andargued that the Alien andSedition Acts wereSedition Acts wereviolations of the Bill ofviolations of the Bill ofRightsRights

They had two stateThey had two statelegislatures passlegislatures passresolutions condemningresolutions condemning

the Actsthe Acts Did a state have the rightDid a state have the right

to ignore a federal law?to ignore a federal law?


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Gabriel ProsserGabriel Prossers Rebellions Rebellion

Blacksmith and slaveBlacksmith and slaveProsser was inspiredProsser was inspiredby American ideals toby American ideals to

organize a slaveorganize a slaverebellionrebellion

The plot was revealedThe plot was revealedbefore it started andbefore it started andProsser and 30 othersProsser and 30 otherswere executedwere executed

It was a precursor ofIt was a precursor ofevents to comeevents to come


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Peace was achieved inPeace was achieved in1799 when Adams1799 when Adamsaccepted Frenchaccepted French

proposalsproposalsAdams had lost theAdams had lost the

support of his ownsupport of his ownparty and wasparty and was

defeated in hisdefeated in hisreelection bid byreelection bid byThomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson


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Jefferson vs. BurrJefferson vs. Burr

Burr and Jefferson tiedBurr and Jefferson tiedwith 73 Electoral voteswith 73 Electoral voteseach.each.

Jefferson won in theJefferson won in theHouse of Reps afterHouse of Reps afterHamilton convincedHamilton convincednorthern states tonorthern states to

supportJeffersonsupportJefferson


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The 12The 12ththAmendmentAmendment

The amendmentThe amendmentrequires separaterequires separatecandidates forcandidates for

president and vicepresident and vice--president to appear onpresident to appear onthe ballotthe ballot

The president andThe president and

vicevice--president wouldpresident wouldbe from the samebe from the sameparty and not rivalsparty and not rivals


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JeffersonJeffersons Administrations Administration

The government thatThe government thatgoverns best governsgoverns best governsleastleast

Jefferson reducedJefferson reducedtaxes and cut the sizetaxes and cut the sizeof the bureaucracy andof the bureaucracy andthe military.the military.


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JeffersonJeffersons Administrations Administration


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Adams and MidnightJudgesAdams and MidnightJudges

John Adams appointedJohn Adams appointedJohn Marshall as ChiefJohn Marshall as ChiefJustice of the SupremeJustice of the Supreme

CourtCourt He also appointedHe also appointed

several Federalists toseveral Federalists tojudgeships shortlyjudgeships shortly

before leaving office.before leaving office.


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Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

Jefferson orderedJefferson orderedJames Madison not toJames Madison not todeliver any newdeliver any new

commissions to judgescommissions to judgesAdams had appointedAdams had appointed

William Marbury suedWilliam Marbury suedthe Secretary of Statethe Secretary of State

for his appointmentfor his appointment


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Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

John Marshall ruledJohn Marshall ruledagainst Marbury byagainst Marbury bydeclaring the part ofdeclaring the part of

the law that createdthe law that createdhis judgeship washis judgeship wasinvalidinvalid

It was the first timeIt was the first timethe court had declaredthe court had declaredan act of congressan act of congressunconstitutionalunconstitutional


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Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison


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Land Act of 1800Land Act of 1800

Congress passed a law that allowed the sale ofCongress passed a law that allowed the sale ofwestern lands in small parcels and on creditwestern lands in small parcels and on credit

It caused a increased flow of settlers to the newIt caused a increased flow of settlers to the new

territoriesterritories


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Napoleon's SurpriseNapoleon's Surprise

Jefferson offered to buyJefferson offered to buyNew Orleans from theNew Orleans from theFrench to guaranteeFrench to guaranteeaccess to the port foraccess to the port forAmericansAmericans

Napoleon, who failed toNapoleon, who failed toquell the slave revolt inquell the slave revolt inHaiti, offered to sell all ofHaiti, offered to sell all of

the Louisiana territorythe Louisiana territorybecause he knew Francebecause he knew Francecould not defend it.could not defend it.


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JeffersonJeffersons Dilemmas Dilemma

Jefferson was concerned about theJefferson was concerned about theconstitutionality of the purchase but decided to doconstitutionality of the purchase but decided to doit anyway.it anyway.


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Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark

Congress funded anCongress funded anexpedition to see if thereexpedition to see if therewas a water route to thewas a water route to thePacific and to learn asPacific and to learn asmuch as possible aboutmuch as possible aboutthe Louisiana Purchasethe Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson appointedJefferson appointedMerriweather Lewis andMerriweather Lewis and

William Clark to lead theWilliam Clark to lead theCorps of DiscoveryCorps of Discovery


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Corps of DiscoveryCorps of Discovery


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Jefferson easilyJefferson easilydefeated Federalistdefeated Federalistcandidate Charlescandidate Charles

PickneyPickney George ClintonGeorge Clinton

replaced Aaron Burr asreplaced Aaron Burr asVice PresidentVice President


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Hamilton and BurrHamilton and Burr

Burr decided to run forBurr decided to run forGovernor of NY as aGovernor of NY as aFederalist rather thanFederalist rather thanoppose Jeffersonoppose Jefferson

Hamilton lobbied againstHamilton lobbied againstBurr getting theBurr getting thenominationnomination

Burr challenged HamiltonBurr challenged Hamilton

to a duel and shot andto a duel and shot andkilled Hamilton in the duelkilled Hamilton in the duel


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The Leopard and ChesapeakeThe Leopard and Chesapeake

The HMS LeopardThe HMS Leopardattacked the USSattacked the USSChesapeake inflictingChesapeake inflicting

21 casualities21 casualities The British alsoThe British also

boarded the shipboarded the shiplooking for deserterslooking for deserters

from their navyfrom their navy


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The Embargo of 1807The Embargo of 1807

Jefferson ordered anJefferson ordered anembargo against allembargo against allexports in an effort toexports in an effort to

stop attacks onstop attacks onAmerican shipsAmerican ships

Merchants sufferedMerchants sufferedhuge losseshuge losses

Most citizens resentedMost citizens resentedsuch control by thesuch control by thegovernmentgovernment


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Conflicts to the West: The IndiansConflicts to the West: The Indians

The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Parisgranted the US allgranted the US alllands east of thelands east of the

MississippiMississippi The growing whiteThe growing whitepopulation moved intopopulation moved intothese western landsthese western landsinhabited by Indianinhabited by Indiantribes and the numbertribes and the numberof skirmishes increasedof skirmishes increased


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Death on the WabashDeath on the Wabash

Gen. Arthur St. ClairGen. Arthur St. Clairsuffered the worst defeatsuffered the worst defeatof the US Army by Indiansof the US Army by Indianswhen he was ambushedwhen he was ambushedand routed by the Miamiand routed by the Miamiand Shawnee Indians inand Shawnee Indians inWestern Ohio1791.Western Ohio1791.

Grisly tales of the defeatGrisly tales of the defeat

increased the level ofincreased the level ofterror of the Indiansterror of the Indians


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Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794

Gen. Anthony Wayne soundly defeated the IndianGen. Anthony Wayne soundly defeated the Indianconfederation in the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794confederation in the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794

The confederation surrendered most of their territory inThe confederation surrendered most of their territory in

exchange goods in Treaty of Greenvilleexchange goods in Treaty of Greenville


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Western Expansion and Indian Land Cessions to 1810


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Returning to Indian TraditionsReturning to Indian Traditions

Shawnee brothersShawnee brothersTecumseh andTecumseh andTenskwatawa tried to rallyTenskwatawa tried to rallyMidwestern tribes to resistMidwestern tribes to resist

expansion by the whitesexpansion by the whitesand return to traditionaland return to traditionalwaysways

They protested the validityThey protested the validity

of the Treaties negotiatedof the Treaties negotiatedby just a few members ofby just a few members oftheir tribestheir tribes

Tecumseh

Tenskwatawa


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Battle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe

Indiana Governor William Henry Harrison attackedIndiana Governor William Henry Harrison attackedTenskwatawaTenskwatawas village along the Tippecanoe Creeks village along the Tippecanoe Creek

Although the battle was a draw Indian morale was brokenAlthough the battle was a draw Indian morale was brokenand confidence in Tenskwatawa shatteredand confidence in Tenskwatawa shattered


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ATB!ATB!

Which of the Native American ways ofWhich of the Native American ways ofdealing with the United States expansion dodealing with the United States expansion doyou think was most successful? Explain youryou think was most successful? Explain youranswer.answer.


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Madison and the War of 1812Madison and the War of 1812


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Anger towards BritainAnger towards Britain

President MadisonPresident Madisonasked Congress toasked Congress todeclare war on Britaindeclare war on Britain

in June of 1812in June of 1812 He accused the BritishHe accused the British

of impressingof impressingAmerican sailors andAmerican sailors and

encouraging Indians toencouraging Indians toattack Americanattack Americansettlerssettlers


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Death of TecumsehDeath of Tecumseh

Tecumseh fought withTecumseh fought withthe British against thethe British against the

Americans in the WarAmericans in the War

of 1812.of 1812. He was killed at theHe was killed at the

Battle of the ThamesBattle of the Thamesin Ontario in 1813in Ontario in 1813


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Battle of Horseshoe BendBattle of Horseshoe Bend

Andrew Jackson easilyAndrew Jackson easilydefeated the Creekdefeated the CreekIndians killing over 800Indians killing over 800and taking 500 womenand taking 500 womenand children prisonerand children prisoner

The Creeks ceded 23The Creeks ceded 23million acres of land tomillion acres of land tothe USthe US

Jackson became aJackson became anational heronational hero


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The Naval WarThe Naval War

The US Navy managedThe US Navy managedto win some victories,to win some victories,most notably themost notably the

Battle ofLake ErieBattle ofLake Erie The superior BritishThe superior British

navy instituted anavy instituted asuccessful blockade ofsuccessful blockade of

the entire coastthe entire coast


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The Burning of Washington, D.C.The Burning of Washington, D.C.

After the British defeatedAfter the British defeatedNapoleon in 1814 theyNapoleon in 1814 theyconcentrated their effortsconcentrated their effortsagainst the U.S.against the U.S.

They invaded and burnedThey invaded and burnedWashingtonWashington

They were stopped at FortThey were stopped at FortMcHenry in an attempt toMcHenry in an attempt to

capture Baltimorecapture Baltimore


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The War of 1812The War of 1812


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The Treaty of GhentThe Treaty of Ghent

The treaty was signed onThe treaty was signed onDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

The issue of theThe issue of theimpressment of sailors wasimpressment of sailors wasnot addressed but was nonot addressed but was nolonger necessary for thelonger necessary for theBritish after NapoleonBritish after Napoleonssdefeatdefeat

PrePre--war boundarieswar boundariesbetween the US andbetween the US andCanada were restoredCanada were restored


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Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

The British attemptedThe British attemptedto invaded the city butto invaded the city butwere slaughtered bywere slaughtered by

Americans defendingAmericans defendingthe city under Andrewthe city under AndrewJackson.Jackson.

JacksonJacksons reputations reputation

was furtheredwas furtheredenhanced by theenhanced by thevictory.victory.


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Postwar Boom and PanicPostwar Boom and Panic

The end of the warThe end of the warbrought prosperity fueledbrought prosperity fueledby bank loansby bank loans

The Panic of 1819 startedThe Panic of 1819 startedwhen banks called in loanswhen banks called in loansand depositors to began toand depositors to began towithdraw their money allwithdraw their money allonceonce

Numerous banks failedNumerous banks failedhurting thousandshurting thousands


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The Missouri Compromise, 1820The Missouri Compromise, 1820

There were 11 free and 11 slave states inThere were 11 free and 11 slave states in18201820

Missouri was admitted as a slave state.Missouri was admitted as a slave state.

Maine was admitted as a free state.Maine was admitted as a free state.

The Southern boundary of Missouri wouldThe Southern boundary of Missouri wouldserve as a dividing line between free andserve as a dividing line between free andslaves states in the future.slaves states in the future.


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The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise


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The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise


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