AIM: What was the source of the Ottoman’s power? Homework: Homework Packet #2 Due Friday.
Homework #5 is due Friday by 5pm - UCSBglasgow.faculty.polsci.ucsb.edu/ps15/ps15lect18.pdf ·...
Transcript of Homework #5 is due Friday by 5pm - UCSBglasgow.faculty.polsci.ucsb.edu/ps15/ps15lect18.pdf ·...
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Homework #5 is due
Friday by 5pm
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Political Science 15
Lecture 18:
Review
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Major Course Topics
Hypotheses
Research Design
Measurement
Descriptive Statistics
Hypothesis Testing
Advanced Specification Issues
Small-N Methods
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Hypotheses
Of the form “X changes Y”, where X is an
independent variable and Y is a dependent
variable.
Must be empirical, testable, falsifiable.
Unit of analysis is the type of thing being
studied.
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Research Design
Four Major Research Designs
True Experiments
Natural Experiments
Quasi-Experiments
Observational Studies
Causality and spurious relationships
Internal versus external validity
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Measurement
Validity (don’t confuse this with validity in research designs!)
Face Validity
Content Validity
Reliability
Levels of Measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
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Descriptive Statistics
Single Variable Statistics
Correlation
Ranges between -1 and 1.
No relationship = 0, but 0 not necessarily no relationship.
Regression
Intercept is expected value on DV when IVs = 0.
Slope coefficients tell you expected change in DV when IV increased by 1 unit.
R2 is the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the regression line.
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Hypothesis Testing
Need large, representative sample.
Test whether we should accept or reject null hypothesis.
Measure SDs in sampling distribution from null hypothesis – if too far, reject.
Null for t-test is number you pick, null for regression is 0.
Statistical significance.
P-values/significance
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Advanced Specification Issues
If we want to include a nominal level variable in a regression, we create a dummy variable (1 if in category, 0 if not).
Slope coefficient tells us change in DV if in category.
If we have a conditional hypothesis, we create an interaction term. We only looked at dummy variable interacted with another variable.
Slope coefficient tells us how much stronger/weaker effect is for group coded 1.
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Small-N Research
Comparative Method
Most-similar method
Most-different method
Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)
Case studies
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Practice Question